As estradas municipais constituem a parcela preponderante, desde um ponto de vista de extensão, da malha viária do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. As atividades desenvolvidas implicam em dispêndios de parcelas significativas do orçamento, para a maior parte dos municípios. Em que pese esta importância, o padrão gerencial aplicado é precário, tanto do ponto de vista do desenvolvimento tecnológico quanto de controles administrativos e de custos. Neste trabalho são estabelecidas bases de um sistema de gerência de estradas municipais do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, adequado à realidade dos municípios. Foi visada a racionalização das atividades através de uma melhor aplicação dos recursos disponíveis e a melhoria progressiva da malha viária. Em caráter preliminar é indicada uma nova especificação para a escolha de materiais para revestimento primário, atendendo às peculiaridades dos materiais tropicais. / County roads represent an important share of the total extension of the road network in Rio Grande do Sul, one of the Brazilian states. In most municipalities, the activities of these roads take a significant part of their budgets. Even so, the management strategies used are deficient, either from a technological development perspective or from the administrative controls and costs viewpoint. In this work the bases of a management system are proposed, adapted to the reality of the county roads found in the municipalities studied. The main feature of the system is the rationalization of the maintenance, improvement and construction activities, assuring a better use of the available resources and a progressive improvement of the road network. A new specification for the materials for unpaved roads is presented in a preliminary sense, based on the peculiarities of the materials usually found in tropical regions.

As estradas municipais constituem a parcela preponderante, desde um ponto de vista de extensão, da malha viária do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. As atividades desenvolvidas implicam em dispêndios de parcelas significativas do orçamento, para a maior parte dos municípios. Em que pese esta importância, o padrão gerencial aplicado é precário, tanto do ponto de vista do desenvolvimento tecnológico quanto de controles administrativos e de custos. Neste trabalho são estabelecidas bases de um sistema de gerência de estradas municipais do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, adequado à realidade dos municípios. Foi visada a racionalização das atividades através de uma melhor aplicação dos recursos disponíveis e a melhoria progressiva da malha viária. Em caráter preliminar é indicada uma nova especificação para a escolha de materiais para revestimento primário, atendendo às peculiaridades dos materiais tropicais. / County roads represent an important share of the total extension of the road network in Rio Grande do Sul, one of the Brazilian states. In most municipalities, the activities of these roads take a significant part of their budgets. Even so, the management strategies used are deficient, either from a technological development perspective or from the administrative controls and costs viewpoint. In this work the bases of a management system are proposed, adapted to the reality of the county roads found in the municipalities studied. The main feature of the system is the rationalization of the maintenance, improvement and construction activities, assuring a better use of the available resources and a progressive improvement of the road network. A new specification for the materials for unpaved roads is presented in a preliminary sense, based on the peculiarities of the materials usually found in tropical regions.

This study examines opportunities for coordinated road management for purposes of ecosystem management. The coordination efforts in Greater Yellowstone provide a case study illustrating these opportunities. The study first reviews current literature about ecosystems, ecosystem management goals, benefits and the application of the concept to Greater Yellowstone. Issues of forest road management are also examined. The study then turns to a critique of current road management efforts in six National Forests of northwest Wyoming, southwest Montana and eastern Idaho; which are considered part of the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem. Comparisons of road management planning and policy will be made primarily through examination of forest plans and engineering policies, and through personal communication with forest highway engineers and transportation planners. Recommendations for improving coordination of forest road management follow the critique. / Master of Urban and Regional Planning

Memoria para optar al Título Profesional de Ingeniero en Recursos Naturales Renovables / La presente investigación se enmarca dentro del Plan de Acción Santiago Andino, el cual es realizado por el SAG, el MMA, la Universidad de Chile, el Programa Chile Sustentable, empresarios agrícolas y turísticos, y organizaciones ciudadanas. Este es un plan de gestión pública y privada para la Conservación de la Biodiversidad, promoviendo un manejo territorial sustentable en atención a las características, potencialidades y proyecciones regionales. El Plan Santiago Andino busca implementar la Estrategia Nacional de Conservación de la Biodiversidad (ENCB) en sitios prioritarios que pertenecen al territorio de la Comuna de San José de Maipo, que incluye el sitio El Morado, en el cual se encuentra el Santuario San Francisco de Lagunillas, donde es necesario planificar el manejo de caminos. El presente estudio propone una metodología para formular planes de manejo de caminos en Áreas Silvestres Protegidas (ASP). Se tomó como caso de estudio el Santuario San Francisco de Lagunillas y la Ruta Nº G-355. La ruta es un camino público, secundario y de ripio, cuyo inicio está al término de la zona urbana de San José de Maipo. La G-355 es un camino de acceso que lleva al centro invernal de Lagunillas, que se encuentra ubicado a 17 km de la localidad de San José de Maipo y está ubicado dentro del Santuario. El estudio utilizó una combinación y adaptación de metodologías que incluyen las utilizadas por el Proyecto Santiago Andino sobre de ordenamiento territorial y planificación participativa, la metodología de la CONAF para la Planificación del Manejo de Áreas Protegidas y elementos del Manual de Carreteras del MOP. El plan se apoyó en visitas a terreno, las herramientas de los SIG y la percepción remota. Como resultado se obtuvo una Metodología de Plan de Manejo de Caminos Generalizable a Áreas Silvestres Protegidas, basada en dos orientaciones. Primero, con la caracterización y diagnóstico de la ruta, la determinación de los criterios para el manejo de caminos, la determinación de las Zonas Homogéneas de Influencia y la identificación de los impactos y potencialidades de cada zona con los actores asociados. Segundo, con la determinación de los objetivos de uso y la meta del camino según las necesidades del ASP. Con la relación de ambas orientaciones se obtuvo la zonificación, definida de forma progresiva en dos fases, la primera se estableció para enfrentar los problemas e impactos de la ruta que necesitan medidas a corto plazo, reduciendo y mitigando los conflictos y amenazas estructurales, y la segunda fase propone zonificar el camino en la medida que la vía sea lo más parecido a una ruta escénica que resalte el extraordinario paisaje que presenta. Con esto se realizó la propuesta de plan de manejo del camino en la cual se expone una memoria explicativa para la aplicación de las medidas establecidas en la zonificación, tales como el emplazamiento de señalética de cada zona y propuestas de áreas de descanso y miradores. / This research is part of the Santiago Andino Action Plan, which is carried out by the SAG, the Ministry of the Environment (MMA), the University of Chile, the Chile Sustentable Program, agricultural and tourism entrepreneurs, and citizen organizations. Santiago Andino is a public and private management plan for the conservation of biodiversity, promoting sustainable territorial management in response to the characteristics, potential and regional projections. The Santiago Andino Plan seeks to implement the National Biodiversity Conservation Strategy (ENCB) in priority sites in the community of José de Maipo. The location in which the planning of the roads management was necessary is the San Francisco de Lagunillas Santuary, located in priority site El Morado. The present study proposes a methodology to develop management plans for roads in Protected Wild Areas (ASP). The San Francisco de Lagunillas Santuary and route Nº G-355 are explored in this work as the primary case studies. The route is a public, secondary, gravel road, just outside of the urban area of San José de Maipo. G-355 is an access road in the sanctuary which leads to the winter resort of Lagunillas, located 17 km from the town of San José de Maipo. The study uses a combination and adaptation of three principal methodologies. The first is the land and participation planning used by Santiago Andino Project. The second, the methodology of CONAF for the planning of protected areas management. And finally, elements of the Roads Manual Ministry of Public Works (MOP). The plan relied on field visits, GIS tools and remote sensing. As a result, a Methodology of the Management Plan for Roads, replicable to other protected wild areas and based on two angles, was obtained. The methodology starts first with the characterization and diagnosis of the route, the determination of the criteria for the management of roads, the determination of Homogeneous Zones of Influence and the identification of impacts and potentials of each area with associated stakeholders. Secondly, it focus on the determination of the objectives of use and the goal of the road according to the needs of the ASP. Zoning, defined gradually in two phases, was obtained through the relationship between the two parts previously described. The first was established to deal with the problems and impacts of the route that needs short-term solutions that reduce and mitigate conflict and structural threats. The second phase proposes zoning of the road based on its close resemblance to a scenic route that highlights the extraordinary landscape. This general proposal for the Road Management Plan outlines a report explaining the implementation of the established measures in the zoning, such as the placement of signs of each zone and proposals for rest areas and lookouts.

Memoria para optar al Título Profesional de Ingeniero en Recursos Naturales Renovables / La presente investigación se enmarca dentro del Plan de Acción Santiago Andino, el cual es realizado por el SAG, el MMA, la Universidad de Chile, el Programa Chile Sustentable, empresarios agrícolas y turísticos, y organizaciones ciudadanas. Este es un plan de gestión pública y privada para la Conservación de la Biodiversidad, promoviendo un manejo territorial sustentable en atención a las características, potencialidades y proyecciones regionales. El Plan Santiago Andino busca implementar la Estrategia Nacional de Conservación de la Biodiversidad (ENCB) en sitios prioritarios que pertenecen al territorio de la Comuna de San José de Maipo, que incluye el sitio El Morado, en el cual se encuentra el Santuario San Francisco de Lagunillas, donde es necesario planificar el manejo de caminos. El presente estudio propone una metodología para formular planes de manejo de caminos en Áreas Silvestres Protegidas (ASP). Se tomó como caso de estudio el Santuario San Francisco de Lagunillas y la Ruta Nº G-355. La ruta es un camino público, secundario y de ripio, cuyo inicio está al término de la zona urbana de San José de Maipo. La G-355 es un camino de acceso que lleva al centro invernal de Lagunillas, que se encuentra ubicado a 17 km de la localidad de San José de Maipo y está ubicado dentro del Santuario. El estudio utilizó una combinación y adaptación de metodologías que incluyen las utilizadas por el Proyecto Santiago Andino sobre de ordenamiento territorial y planificación participativa, la metodología de la CONAF para la Planificación del Manejo de Áreas Protegidas y elementos del Manual de Carreteras del MOP. El plan se apoyó en visitas a terreno, las herramientas de los SIG y la percepción remota. Como resultado se obtuvo una Metodología de Plan de Manejo de Caminos Generalizable a Áreas Silvestres Protegidas, basada en dos orientaciones. Primero, con la caracterización y diagnóstico de la ruta, la determinación de los criterios para el manejo de caminos, la determinación de las Zonas Homogéneas de Influencia y la identificación de los impactos y potencialidades de cada zona con los actores asociados. Segundo, con la determinación de los objetivos de uso y la meta del camino según las necesidades del ASP. Con la relación de ambas orientaciones se obtuvo la zonificación, definida de forma progresiva en dos fases, la primera se estableció para enfrentar los problemas e impactos de la ruta que necesitan medidas a corto plazo, reduciendo y mitigando los conflictos y amenazas estructurales, y la segunda fase propone zonificar el camino en la medida que la vía sea lo más parecido a una ruta escénica que resalte el extraordinario paisaje que presenta. Con esto se realizó la propuesta de plan de manejo del camino en la cual se expone una memoria explicativa para la aplicación de las medidas establecidas en la zonificación, tales como el emplazamiento de señalética de cada zona y propuestas de áreas de descanso y miradores. / This research is part of the Santiago Andino Action Plan, which is carried out by the SAG, the Ministry of the Environment (MMA), the University of Chile, the Chile Sustentable Program, agricultural and tourism entrepreneurs, and citizen organizations. Santiago Andino is a public and private management plan for the conservation of biodiversity, promoting sustainable territorial management in response to the characteristics, potential and regional projections. The Santiago Andino Plan seeks to implement the National Biodiversity Conservation Strategy (ENCB) in priority sites in the community of José de Maipo. The location in which the planning of the roads management was necessary is the San Francisco de Lagunillas Santuary, located in priority site El Morado. The present study proposes a methodology to develop management plans for roads in Protected Wild Areas (ASP). The San Francisco de Lagunillas Santuary and route Nº G-355 are explored in this work as the primary case studies. The route is a public, secondary, gravel road, just outside of the urban area of San José de Maipo. G-355 is an access road in the sanctuary which leads to the winter resort of Lagunillas, located 17 km from the town of San José de Maipo. The study uses a combination and adaptation of three principal methodologies. The first is the land and participation planning used by Santiago Andino Project. The second, the methodology of CONAF for the planning of protected areas management. And finally, elements of the Roads Manual Ministry of Public Works (MOP). The plan relied on field visits, GIS tools and remote sensing. As a result, a Methodology of the Management Plan for Roads, replicable to other protected wild areas and based on two angles, was obtained. The methodology starts first with the characterization and diagnosis of the route, the determination of the criteria for the management of roads, the determination of Homogeneous Zones of Influence and the identification of impacts and potentials of each area with associated stakeholders. Secondly, it focus on the determination of the objectives of use and the goal of the road according to the needs of the ASP. Zoning, defined gradually in two phases, was obtained through the relationship between the two parts previously described. The first was established to deal with the problems and impacts of the route that needs short-term solutions that reduce and mitigate conflict and structural threats. The second phase proposes zoning of the road based on its close resemblance to a scenic route that highlights the extraordinary landscape. This general proposal for the Road Management Plan outlines a report explaining the implementation of the established measures in the zoning, such as the placement of signs of each zone and proposals for rest areas and lookouts.