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Abnormal death memorials are unofficial cenotaphs and burial places located in public space. They mark the sites of sudden tragic death and, therefore, include roadside memorials an internationally spread phenomenon that is a relatively new topic in the Folkloristics scholarship. This study is the first to explicitly discuss abnormal death memorials as both material culture objects and as objects of folk beliefs in the context of Ukrainian culture. Based on fieldwork done in Ukraine between 2005 and 2009, this thesis identifies the meaning and significance of contemporary memorials in Ukraine through people's attitudes. The results of the study show that positive attitudes towards abnormal death memorials are influenced by Ukrainian folk beliefs about bad death, the afterlife, and communication with the dead. Abnormal death memorials in Ukraine appear as metaphors of Ukrainian cosmology and changing folk beliefs about the worlds of the living and dead. The practice of erecting memorials in Ukraine seem to be a modification of a century long folk tradition of marking spots of bad death. / Ukrainian Folklore

Thesis (M.Med. (Forensic Pathology)) -- University of Limpopo, 2022 / Introduction and background: Road traffic fatalities remain a worldwide burden with more than half of those fatalities comprising of vulnerable road users (pedestrians, cyclists and motorcyclists). This prompted the World Health Organization and United Nations to establish Sustainable Developmental Goals aimed at reducing road traffic crashes. The study explored factors relating to pedestrian fatalities on the R71 road, which may inform future interventions to enhance pedestrian safety. Aim: The study aimed at profiling pedestrian road traffic crash fatalities on the R71 road admitted at Polokwane Forensic Pathology Services. Methodology: A quantitative descriptive study utilising total population purposive sampling of pedestrians that demised because of R71 road traffic crashes over a 3-year period was done. There were 65 cases studied. Results: The study revealed that the fatalities were more male adult pedestrians than females, who were between 20 -39 years old. Majority of those pedestrians were wearing dark coloured clothing with no reflectors on. The pedestrian fatalities were mostly seen over the weekend and between evening and midnight. The fatalities peaked in December and February (summer season). The common locality of the pedestrian fatalities was Mankweng and Mentz village (Area 3). Most of those pedestrians sustained head injuries. Conclusion: Contributory factors and injuries of those pedestrian fatalities that demised because of R71 road traffic crashes were identified, which some were similar to those already highlighted in literature.