Submitted by Noeme Timbo (noeme.timbo@metodista.br) on 2016-09-16T18:48:53Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Adriel Moreira Barbosa.pdf: 1530407 bytes, checksum: ffc03acfa6a3f441c3acd459cb8e0143 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-16T18:48:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Adriel Moreira Barbosa.pdf: 1530407 bytes, checksum: ffc03acfa6a3f441c3acd459cb8e0143 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-05-16 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This Master's Thesis presents the research results on Roger Williams – a english puritan pastor, who migrated to America to participate in the constitution of the Massachusetts colony in the year 1631. The question this research is on the reasons of Roger Williams for questioning the dominant thinking, on the nature of the Amerindian and the legitimacy of the occupation of their land. It starts with the thesis that from the experiences of Roger Williams, first with the suffering of the poor and with the religious persecution in England, along with his experiences in America, it was possible to contemplate the Amerindians as victims of English-puritan colonial system. Thus, the determinate objective was to analyze the criticism of Roger Williams to British colonialism and its defense of the Amerindians, seeking to understand it on the horizon of alterity of the Amerindians. This is a literature research of the author's works in which the Amerindian question appears and also that academic research related to the topic. For this, we refer us to the thought of Enrique Dussel, mainly through some categories of Liberation Philosophy, as Totality, Exteriority, Alterity, Alienation, Domination and Liberation, which enable think the colonial system in its inability to contemplate the amerindian externality. Also in Dussel, applied your reflection on the ethical criticism about the "negativity of the victims", in order to analyze this character's behavior in the face of colonial violence. And for the discussion about subjectness in Roger Williams, we seek the contribution of Franz J. Hinkelammert, on the subject of the theory. As a result, the three chapters of the text presents, respectively, a biographical and contextual synthesis of the character, followed by an exhibition of the debate on humanity and civility of the Amerindians and the issue of land and, in the third chapter, a discussion of Roger Williams and otherness. Was detected in the trajectory of the character who a ethical sensibility that led to the defense of socially marginalized groups, first in England and then in the colonies. Consequently, it was concluded that the defense of Amerindians followed the same criteria, allowing Williams to distance itself from European assumptions regarding its superiority to seek new paradigms about the relations between settlers and natives. It is hoped that this work can contribute to the critical reflections on the genesis of colonialism and of the first signs of critical thinking within the colonial system. / Esta dissertação de mestrado apresenta os resultados da pesquisa sobre Roger Williams – pastor puritano, de origem inglesa, que migrou para a América a fim de participar da constituição da colônia de Massachusetts, no ano de 1631. Pergunta-se, nesta pesquisa, sobre os motivos que levaram Roger Williams a questionar o pensamento dominante, relativo à natureza do ameríndio e à legitimidade da ocupação de suas terras. Parte-se da tese de que a partir das experiências de Roger Williams, primeiro, com o sofrimento dos pobres e com perseguição religiosa na Inglaterra, segundo, suas próprias experiências na América, ele pôde contemplar os ameríndios como vítimas do sistema colonial inglês-puritano. Seu posicionamento seria, portanto, uma abertura à alteridade desses povos. Com isso, o objetivo determinado foi o de analisar a crítica de Roger Williams ao colonialismo inglês e sua defesa aos ameríndios, buscando compreendê-lo frente à alteridade dos ameríndios. Trata-se de uma bibliográfica das obras do autor e também de outros autores que tratam do tema. Como referência teórica, remetemo-nos ao pensamento de Enrique Dussel, principalmente, por meio de algumas categorias da Filosofia da Libertação, como Totalidade, Exterioridade, Alteridade, Alienação, Dominação e Libertação, que possibilitaram pensar o sistema colonial em sua incapacidade de contemplar a exterioridade ameríndia. Também, de Dussel, aplicou-se a reflexão sobre a crítica ética desde a negatividade das vítimas, para poder-se analisar o comportamento do personagem diante da violência colonial. E para a discussão sobre a sujeiticidade de Roger Williams, buscou-se o aporte de Franz J. Hinkelammert quanto à teoria do sujeito. Como resultado, os três capítulos da dissertação apresentam, respectivamente, uma síntese biográfica e contextual do personagem, seguida por uma exposição do debate sobre a humanidade e a civilidade dos ameríndios e sobre a questão da terra e, no terceiro capítulo, uma discussão sobre Roger Williams e a alteridade. Detectou-se, na trajetória do personagem, uma sensibilidade ética que o conduziu à defesa de grupos marginalizados socialmente, primeiro na Inglaterra e depois nas colônias. E diante disso, concluiu-se que a defesa dos ameríndios seguiu esse mesmo critério, possibilitando a Williams distanciar-se das pressuposições europeias quanto à sua superioridade para buscar novos paradigmas que orientassem as relações entre colonos e nativos. Espera-se que este trabalho possa contribuir para as reflexões críticas sobre a gênese do colonialismo e sobre os primeiros sinais de um pensamento crítico no interior do sistema colonial.

Toleration is a core liberal ideal, but it is not an ideal without limits. To tolerate the intolerant would be to violate the principles and purposes underlying liberal societies. This important exception to the liberal ideal of toleration is dangerous, however, in that we may make it too exclusionary in practice. That is, we may mistakenly apply it to peaceful, beneficial members of our communities as well as to the truly intolerant. In particular, some contemporary liberals see religion either as inherently intolerant and dangerous or as violating standards of public discourse that they feel are necessary to uphold liberalism's core ideals, including toleration. This work argues that we risk violating the liberal ideal of toleration in a hasty over-generalization about religious belief. Through an examination of the arguments of Roger Williams and John Locke, this work argues that religious belief can be compatible with toleration, and that the practice and popular value of liberal toleration has at least in part a religious origin. These authors, and believers like them, defended toleration, partially as a result of their own experiences of intolerance, but also because they saw toleration as a theological necessity. Thus, this work shows that we have misunderstood the relationship between religion and toleration. While some forms of religious belief may incite intolerance and violence, others provide a firm foundation for toleration. We must show care in distinguishing the two to avoid violating the fundamental liberal ideal of toleration. Moreover, it is important that we do so to foster civil comity and cooperation, as well as to sustain the other benefits that religious groups provide to liberal, democratic societies.

The process of local preservation, urban renewal, and national park building at Roger Williams National Memorial in Providence, Rhode Island, reveals important facets of the urban park idea. In 1958, the Providence Preservation Society and the Providence City Plan Commission jointly released the College Hill Study, which called for renewal of the College Hill neighborhood through preservation of the architecturally significant homes, selective demolition, and the creation of a new National Park Unit dedicated to Providence’s founder, Roger Williams. The new park, established in 1965, went through a lengthy planning process before opening in 1984. The planning process revealed concerns about determining historical authenticity, supporting the revitalized historic district of College Hill, and preventing the park from becoming a haven for undesirable people and activities. Since its opening, the park has grown into a mature green space which is an important part of the civic and cultural life of Providence. The success of this park in fulfilling the goals of its planners and continuing to provide a valued green space for residents demonstrates an achievement that has important implications for ongoing urban park building by the National Park Service.