Diss.--Köln--Köln, Univ., 1991. / Bibliogr. p. 441-455. Index.

Afin d'appréhender l'origine de la légitimité d'une monarchie arabe disposant d'une constitution, il a fallu orienter la recherche vers l'analyse de tous les processus de légitimation existants (temporel, spirituel, juridique et politique), et qui ont permis de facto à un modèle de gouvernement coercitif d'être accepté et rendu désirable par un peuple difficilement gouvernable par le Droit positif. Dans ce cadre, nous nous somme référés aux institutions (le khalifat et le sultanat), aux mécanismes (la Bay'â et la Shura) et aux acteurs (les califes bien guidés, les Oulémas, les jurisconsultes et les dynastiessuccessives) qui ont permis à cette légitimité de non seulement s'affirmer et être acceptée par les administrés, mais aussi de dominer et de supplanter toutes ses concurrentes en place. La méthode suivie a servi notre objectif qui entendait en principe, de mettre en exergue tous les soubassements de la légitimité en question, et cela pour que toute la lumière soit faite sur un pouvoir dont ses zones d'ombres forment un écran entre la réalité locale et l'image projetée par ceux qui l'ont institué. / To find the origin of the legitimacy of an Arab constitutional monarchy, it was mandatory to analyse all the processes (temporal, spiritual, legal and political) which made it possible for a coercive government to be accepted by a barely governable people. For this purpose, we had to refer to the institutions (khalifat and sultanat), to the mechanisms (Bay’a and Shura) and to the different protagonists (the well-guided Caliphs, the Oulemas, the jurisconsults and the successive dynasties) which not only allowed this legitimacy to be adopted by the administered, but also helped it replace and reign over all its rivals. The method used here served demonstrate our purpose which was to show the backing of this legitimacy in order to bring to light the grey areas of this power.

Zugl.: Weimar, Bauhausuniv., Diss., 2006

Thesis -- Cologne. / Bibliography: p. 238-241.

Department de Francais de L'universite du Witwatersrand 1990 Degree awarded with distinction March 1991.

<p>ABSTRACT</p><p>e-Services, or customer service, over the Internet is becoming increasingly popular and well traveled, but it is also rapidly changing along with new needs and demands as well as new technology. Many companies are about to experience the change from just using the web as a static service tool to be able to use the web as an interactive medium and an online extension of their business. Simplexica has developed, and implemented, their own e-service where their customers have access to their personal pages where they receive news and publications. The main purpose, though, is to make their technical expertise available for their trusted partners and customers in order for them to design their own technical system and to place orders online. Simplexica’s experience from the e-service implementation has proven to be a success in some markets, within some areas and with some customers, but the e-service is still struggling to get utilized to it’s full potential and showing an return on investment.</p><p>The purpose and objective of this thesis report is to analyze and generally describe the e-service portal and the e-service business process used by Simplexica today in order to find areas and functions within e-service which Simplexica can use and apply to improve their existing e-service business process. This thesis report also aims to analyze and evaluate the return on investment of the e-service.</p><p>More specifically the thesis work strives to answer:</p><p> How could the e-service process in place at Simplexica today be described?</p><p> How to best globally utilize the full concept of e-service at Simplexica?</p><p> Where is the return on investment at Simplexica?</p><p>The theoretical framework includes e-services, customer relationship management, business process management and methods of identifying gains, which is combined with a hermeneutic scientific perspective, a deductive research approach and a qualitative method in order to identify and evaluate different ways of calculating a return on investment that would be useful to Simplexica.</p><p>There is no simple solution to the dilemma, but the author summarizes the findings and recommendations in a suggested action plan where changes within Simplexica’s current e-service concept and the financial benefits of the investment, are in focus by:</p><p> removing the barriers for using the e-service where a key element is to create a common understanding, internally and externally, for their current e-service and e-process.</p><p> measuring key indicators and to incorporate crucial customer data</p><p> analyzing the return on investment and estimating the effect and value of intangible benefits</p><p> establishing a model for determining a successful investment based on a variant of the 5-table</p><p> extending, upgrading and changing the current e-service by using new technology as, for instance, M2M and e-mail channeling, and to introduce a total customer service strategy throughout Simplexica.</p>

ABSTRACT e-Services, or customer service, over the Internet is becoming increasingly popular and well traveled, but it is also rapidly changing along with new needs and demands as well as new technology. Many companies are about to experience the change from just using the web as a static service tool to be able to use the web as an interactive medium and an online extension of their business. Simplexica has developed, and implemented, their own e-service where their customers have access to their personal pages where they receive news and publications. The main purpose, though, is to make their technical expertise available for their trusted partners and customers in order for them to design their own technical system and to place orders online. Simplexica’s experience from the e-service implementation has proven to be a success in some markets, within some areas and with some customers, but the e-service is still struggling to get utilized to it’s full potential and showing an return on investment. The purpose and objective of this thesis report is to analyze and generally describe the e-service portal and the e-service business process used by Simplexica today in order to find areas and functions within e-service which Simplexica can use and apply to improve their existing e-service business process. This thesis report also aims to analyze and evaluate the return on investment of the e-service. More specifically the thesis work strives to answer:  How could the e-service process in place at Simplexica today be described?  How to best globally utilize the full concept of e-service at Simplexica?  Where is the return on investment at Simplexica? The theoretical framework includes e-services, customer relationship management, business process management and methods of identifying gains, which is combined with a hermeneutic scientific perspective, a deductive research approach and a qualitative method in order to identify and evaluate different ways of calculating a return on investment that would be useful to Simplexica. There is no simple solution to the dilemma, but the author summarizes the findings and recommendations in a suggested action plan where changes within Simplexica’s current e-service concept and the financial benefits of the investment, are in focus by:  removing the barriers for using the e-service where a key element is to create a common understanding, internally and externally, for their current e-service and e-process.  measuring key indicators and to incorporate crucial customer data  analyzing the return on investment and estimating the effect and value of intangible benefits  establishing a model for determining a successful investment based on a variant of the 5-table  extending, upgrading and changing the current e-service by using new technology as, for instance, M2M and e-mail channeling, and to introduce a total customer service strategy throughout Simplexica.

Th. État--Géographie--École des hautes études en sciences sociales. / Bibliogr. p. 367-380. Index.

Version remaniée de: Diss.--Philosophischen Fakultät der Albert-Ludwigs--Universität Freiburg, 1993. / Bibliogr. p. 401-410.

Automating the identification of biological specimens from 2D image data poses difficult problems given the natural variation, specimen damage and background clutter that can exist. The tools used by taxonomists tend to be manual or semi-automated, where the operator locates salient image features from which the system automatically derives taxonomic measurements for identification. Fully automating the extraction of taxonomic features and the subsequent identification task would allow for more robust and accurate identification and provide tools for users in the field who do not possess expert knowledge. This work focuses on the automatic localisation of taxonomic landmark points and the identification of species of parasitic wasps of the order Hymenoptera using SEM images of their heads. These images present significant analysis problems. Image feature extraction techniques investigated to solve this problem include deformable contour models, texture analysis and the Mallat wavelet transform. Deformable contour models perform poorly given the textural clutter in the images while texture analysis techniques introduce correlated noise into the segmented image, which can reduce landmark localisation accuracy to 25%. The wavelet transform overcomes this problem by filtering textural clutter at larger scales of analysis. A novel technique is presented which recombines the wavelet transform to create a single contour map where textural clutter is filtered out. This is based on the interaction between edge events which is calculated within a region of interest (ROI) that expands as the scale decreases. In configuring the ROI, a balance must be achieved between filtering textural clutter and eroding salient contours. The landmark localisation accuracy is directly related to this ROI expansion. This represents the main contribution to knowledge. A fast expansion at the high end of the scale range results in a landmark localisation accuracy of 95%. Applying these landmarks to a neural network classifier results in a 91% correct identification rate. This represents a significant improvement over the 65% identification rate obtained by taxonomists and is robust to landmark displacement as a result of contour erosion.