Orientador: Idomeo Bonetti Filho / Banca: Mario Tanomaru Filho / Banca: Fábio Luiz Camargo Villela Berbert / Banca: Giulio Gavini / Banca: Oscar Faciola Pessoa / Resumo: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito da velocidade de deslocamento na resistência à fratura por fadiga de instrumentos rotatórios de níquel-titânio por meio de ensaio dinâmico de flexão. Foram avaliados instrumentos S1, S2, F1, F2 e F3 pertencentes ao Sistema ProTaper Universal (Dentsply/Maillefer) sendo 20 de cada número num total de 100 instrumentos, que foram divididos em dois grupos. Todos os instrumentos foram submetidos a ensaio de flexão por meio de um dispositivo elaborado especificamente para este estudo. O aparato para teste foi composto por um canal artificial curvo, fabricado em aço inoxidável temperado e que apresentava 5mm de raio e ângulo de curvatura de 45º. Um motor elétrico X-Smart (Dentsply/Maillefer) com um contra-ângulo com redução de 16:1 foi regulado para trabalhar à uma velocidade constante de rotação de 300rpm e com um torque de 2 N.cm. A este contraângulo foram acoplados os instrumentos ProTaper Universal que foram introduzidos no canal artificial e ali giraram livremente até sua fratura. O aparato regulava a velocidade de deslocamento axial do canal artificial para frente e para trás, na direção dos instrumentos, simulando a entrada e saída dos instrumentos no canal radicular. Foram utilizadas duas velocidades de deslocamento do canal simulado, sendo que os instrumentos do Grupo I foram submetidos à uma velocidade mais lenta (146 deslocamentos por minuto) e no Grupo II a velocidade foi mais rápida (189/min). O tempo até a fratura foi registrado por um cronômetro e, a partir daí, encontrou-se o número de rotações para fratura. A comparação do número médio de ciclos até a fratura foi realizada por meio do teste t de Student para amostras independentes. Os resultados mostraram que ocorreu diferença estatisticamente significante do número médio de ciclos até a fratura apenas para o instrumento F3 (p=0,025)... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the fracture strength under fatigue load of Nickel-Titanium rotatory endodontic instruments by means of a dynamic flexure strength test. The S1, S2, F1, F2 and F3 instruments from the ProTaper Universal System (Dentisply/Maillerfer) were evaluated. Twenty samples of each instrument, totalizing 100 samples, were divided in two groups. All instruments were submitted to the flexure strength test using a device specially developed for this study. The device was composed by a 45º sloped artificial root canal, made with tempered stainless steel, with radius of 5mm. An X-Smart (Dentisply/Maillefer) electric engine that had a contra-angle with rotatory reduction of 16:1 was stated to work with a constant speed of 300rpm and with a torque of 2N.cm. Each ProTaper Universal Instrument was individually attached to the contra-angle and then introduced into the artificial root canal where they rotate freely until failure. The test apparatus also has a potentiometer that was responsible to regulate the axial dislodgment speed of the artificial root canal forward and backward, against instruments direction, simulating the inward and the outward movement of the instruments into the real root canal. Two displacements speeds of the simulated root canal were used, so that the instruments in Group I were submitted to the slower speed (146 displacements per minute - d/min) and in Group 2 to the faster speed (189d/min). The time elapsed until failure of the instruments was chronometrically measured and registered; then, the number of rotations was calculated from this measurement. The comparison between the mean numbers of cycles until failure was done by the T-Student test. The results of this study showed statistically significant differences in the mean number of cycles until failure only for the F3 instrument (p=0.025). In Group I it was found about 201 fewer cycles... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:31:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-09-30Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:01:53Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 estrela_cb_dr_arafo.pdf: 281331 bytes, checksum: 5959841f39dd175bb62b91abc670ba79 (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito da velocidade de deslocamento na resistência à fratura por fadiga de instrumentos rotatórios de níquel-titânio por meio de ensaio dinâmico de flexão. Foram avaliados instrumentos S1, S2, F1, F2 e F3 pertencentes ao Sistema ProTaper Universal (Dentsply/Maillefer) sendo 20 de cada número num total de 100 instrumentos, que foram divididos em dois grupos. Todos os instrumentos foram submetidos a ensaio de flexão por meio de um dispositivo elaborado especificamente para este estudo. O aparato para teste foi composto por um canal artificial curvo, fabricado em aço inoxidável temperado e que apresentava 5mm de raio e ângulo de curvatura de 45º. Um motor elétrico X-Smart (Dentsply/Maillefer) com um contra-ângulo com redução de 16:1 foi regulado para trabalhar à uma velocidade constante de rotação de 300rpm e com um torque de 2 N.cm. A este contraângulo foram acoplados os instrumentos ProTaper Universal que foram introduzidos no canal artificial e ali giraram livremente até sua fratura. O aparato regulava a velocidade de deslocamento axial do canal artificial para frente e para trás, na direção dos instrumentos, simulando a entrada e saída dos instrumentos no canal radicular. Foram utilizadas duas velocidades de deslocamento do canal simulado, sendo que os instrumentos do Grupo I foram submetidos à uma velocidade mais lenta (146 deslocamentos por minuto) e no Grupo II a velocidade foi mais rápida (189/min). O tempo até a fratura foi registrado por um cronômetro e, a partir daí, encontrou-se o número de rotações para fratura. A comparação do número médio de ciclos até a fratura foi realizada por meio do teste t de Student para amostras independentes. Os resultados mostraram que ocorreu diferença estatisticamente significante do número médio de ciclos até a fratura apenas para o instrumento F3 (p=0,025)... / The aim of this study was to evaluate the fracture strength under fatigue load of Nickel-Titanium rotatory endodontic instruments by means of a dynamic flexure strength test. The S1, S2, F1, F2 and F3 instruments from the ProTaper Universal System (Dentisply/Maillerfer) were evaluated. Twenty samples of each instrument, totalizing 100 samples, were divided in two groups. All instruments were submitted to the flexure strength test using a device specially developed for this study. The device was composed by a 45º sloped artificial root canal, made with tempered stainless steel, with radius of 5mm. An X-Smart (Dentisply/Maillefer) electric engine that had a contra-angle with rotatory reduction of 16:1 was stated to work with a constant speed of 300rpm and with a torque of 2N.cm. Each ProTaper Universal Instrument was individually attached to the contra-angle and then introduced into the artificial root canal where they rotate freely until failure. The test apparatus also has a potentiometer that was responsible to regulate the axial dislodgment speed of the artificial root canal forward and backward, against instruments direction, simulating the inward and the outward movement of the instruments into the real root canal. Two displacements speeds of the simulated root canal were used, so that the instruments in Group I were submitted to the slower speed (146 displacements per minute – d/min) and in Group 2 to the faster speed (189d/min). The time elapsed until failure of the instruments was chronometrically measured and registered; then, the number of rotations was calculated from this measurement. The comparison between the mean numbers of cycles until failure was done by the T-Student test. The results of this study showed statistically significant differences in the mean number of cycles until failure only for the F3 instrument (p=0.025). In Group I it was found about 201 fewer cycles... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:31:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-09-29Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:42:17Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 leonardi_dp_dr_arafo.pdf: 940436 bytes, checksum: 8202788469fea3c9b3976d6749113c75 (MD5) / Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) / A evolução da endodontia ocorre continuamente de modo que sistemas, técnicas e instrumentos endodônticos têm sido criados e estudados por diversos autores por meio de diferentes métodos analisando seu desempenho. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar aspectos relacionados ao preparo do canal radicular assim como também analisar os métodos de estudo empregados para este fim. Foram empregadas 10 raízes mésio-vestibulares de molares superiores humanos extraídos, as quais foram incluídas em blocos de resina e seccionadas transversalmente nos terços médio e apical. Para a instrumentação foi empregado o sistema Race. A análise do preparo foi feita por meio da Plataforma Radiográfica, do Método de Bramante e do Método Histológico. Foi observado que, diante de uma padronização dos métodos de estudo empregados, é possível obter resultados coerentes entre cada um, mesmo quando se avalia aspectos diferentes do preparo do canal radicular. Pesquisas que avaliam o mesmo aspecto do preparo podem apresentar resultados diferentes e estas diferenças podem estar associadas a variáveis inerentes a cada sistema de avaliação empregado. Em relação ao método de estudo concluiu-se que todos forneceram informações importantes para a análise do preparo do canal radicular, no entanto, não devem ser considerados individualmente. De acordo com o aspecto avaliado, um método pode complementar o outro e, desta forma, atingir resultados fidedignos. Em relação aos aspectos do preparo concluiu-se que o sistema Race mostrou ausência de desvio apical, ação sobre todas as paredes dentinárias, deslocamento do preparo em direção às paredes externa da curvatura e vestibular do canal radicular, ampliação da área nos terços médio e apical, superfícies dentinárias regulares, formato irregular e pequena quantidade de resíduos na luz do canal radicular. / There is an usually endodontic evolution thus rotary systems and techniques has been created and evaluated by several authors by different methods. The purpose of this study was to investigate root canal aspects and the methods employed to evaluate the root canal preparation. Mesiobuccal canals of ten maxillary molars extracted human were included in blocks of resin and split across the middle and apical thirds. The root canals were prepared by RaCe rotary files. The prepare analysis was done through the Radiographic Platform, Bramante method and Histological method. It was observed that before the methods standardization it can get consistent results between each one even when assessing different aspects of the root canal preparation. It was concluded that studies that evaluate the same aspect of the preparation may show different results and these are associated with variables inherent in each methodology employee. All the methods supplies important information about root canal preparation. However, it is not should be separately considered. In accord to the evaluated aspect a method can supplies the other one and get reliable results. In relation to the aspects of the preparation it was concluded that the Race system showed apical deviation absence, action on all the walls, displacement to the external curvature walls and vestibular, magnifying of the area, regular surfaces, irregular format and small amount of residues inside the root canal.

Orientador: Paulo Sérgio Cerri / Banca: Paulo Tanomaru filho / Banca: Idomeo Bonetti Filho / Banca: Marco Antônio Húngaro Duarte / Banca: Celso Kenji Nishiyama / Resumo: A evolução da endodontia ocorre continuamente de modo que sistemas, técnicas e instrumentos endodônticos têm sido criados e estudados por diversos autores por meio de diferentes métodos analisando seu desempenho. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar aspectos relacionados ao preparo do canal radicular assim como também analisar os métodos de estudo empregados para este fim. Foram empregadas 10 raízes mésio-vestibulares de molares superiores humanos extraídos, as quais foram incluídas em blocos de resina e seccionadas transversalmente nos terços médio e apical. Para a instrumentação foi empregado o sistema Race. A análise do preparo foi feita por meio da Plataforma Radiográfica, do Método de Bramante e do Método Histológico. Foi observado que, diante de uma padronização dos métodos de estudo empregados, é possível obter resultados coerentes entre cada um, mesmo quando se avalia aspectos diferentes do preparo do canal radicular. Pesquisas que avaliam o mesmo aspecto do preparo podem apresentar resultados diferentes e estas diferenças podem estar associadas a variáveis inerentes a cada sistema de avaliação empregado. Em relação ao método de estudo concluiu-se que todos forneceram informações importantes para a análise do preparo do canal radicular, no entanto, não devem ser considerados individualmente. De acordo com o aspecto avaliado, um método pode complementar o outro e, desta forma, atingir resultados fidedignos. Em relação aos aspectos do preparo concluiu-se que o sistema Race mostrou ausência de desvio apical, ação sobre todas as paredes dentinárias, deslocamento do preparo em direção às paredes externa da curvatura e vestibular do canal radicular, ampliação da área nos terços médio e apical, superfícies dentinárias regulares, formato irregular e pequena quantidade de resíduos na luz do canal radicular. / Abstract: There is an usually endodontic evolution thus rotary systems and techniques has been created and evaluated by several authors by different methods. The purpose of this study was to investigate root canal aspects and the methods employed to evaluate the root canal preparation. Mesiobuccal canals of ten maxillary molars extracted human were included in blocks of resin and split across the middle and apical thirds. The root canals were prepared by RaCe rotary files. The prepare analysis was done through the Radiographic Platform, Bramante method and Histological method. It was observed that before the methods standardization it can get consistent results between each one even when assessing different aspects of the root canal preparation. It was concluded that studies that evaluate the same aspect of the preparation may show different results and these are associated with variables inherent in each methodology employee. All the methods supplies important information about root canal preparation. However, it is not should be separately considered. In accord to the evaluated aspect a method can supplies the other one and get reliable results. In relation to the aspects of the preparation it was concluded that the Race system showed apical deviation absence, action on all the walls, displacement to the external curvature walls and vestibular, magnifying of the area, regular surfaces, irregular format and small amount of residues inside the root canal. / Doutor

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the debridement efficacy of the EndoActivator (Dentsply Tulsa Dental, Tulsa, OK) versus the Ultrasonic Bypass system (Vista Dental) following hand-rotary instrumentation in anterior teeth. Sixty extracted human, maxillary anterior teeth were randomly assigned to three groups. Teeth were instrumented using (ISO k-flex) hand files and EndoSequence nickel-titanium rotary files (Brasseler, Savannah, GA) to a size 40/.06 taper. Group 1 served as the control group and had no additional treatment performed. Groups 2 and 3 were subjected to a final irrigating regimen that consisted of 6-percent sodium hypochlorite for a 1- minute duration. For group 2 the irrigation solution was activated for 1 minute using the EndoActivator system (DENTSPLY). For group 3, the irrigation solution was activated for 1 minute using the Ultrasonic Bypass System (Vista Dental). The teeth were then sectioned longitudinally and each half was divided into three equal parts 3 mm from the anatomic apex. The sample with the most visibly identifiable section of the apex was used for SEM evaluation. A scoring system to measure the efficacy of debris removal was utilized to quantify the results. Statistical analysis was performed using the Kruskal- Wallis test. If the overall test is significant, a Wilcoxon Rank Sum tests was used to compare each pair of groups. The results of this study indicate that both the EndoActivator and Ultrasonic Bypass groups had a smaller percentage of canal space occupied by smear layer and debris when compared with the control group at all three levels. This difference was statistically significant for the Ultrasonic Bypass System when compared with the control at both the coronal and middle thirds of the samples evaluated. This difference was not statistically significant in the apical third. When compared with the EndoActivator, the Ultrasonic Bypass System produced cleaner canals in the coronal and middle thirds, with the difference being statistically significant in the middle third only. These results of this research support the use of either of these two devices when compared with the controls. Smear layer removal and debridement efficacy was greatly increased when using either sonic or ultrasonic activation of sodium hypochlorite. More research is warranted concerning these two devices. Examining the antimicrobial efficacy with the use of these two devices could lend additional validation to their use in non-surgical endodontic therapy.

Indiana University School of Dentistry located on the campus of Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / This in-vitro, prospective, randomized study microscopically compared the debridement efficacy of negative pressure irrigation with the EndoVac (Discus Dental, Culver City, CA) versus the Canal CleanMax (Maximum Dental, Inc., Secaucus, NJ). Sixty extracted human canines were instrumented using a combination of hand-instrumentation with Lexicon K-type files and rotary instrumentation with ProTaper files. All canals were irrigated with 6.0-percent sodium hypochlorite and 17- percent ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). However, the irrigation/aspiration techniques differed among three groups of 20 randomly selected teeth. Group one (control) was irrigated with only a 12-ml Monoject syringe via 30-gauge side-vented, closed-end needle. Group two was irrigated with the EndoVac system. Group three was irrigated similar to group one, but with the adjunct of the Canal CleanMax system. All teeth were sectioned longitudinally, and the more intact sections were divided into coronal, middle, and apical thirds. Each portion of the canal was photographed with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The photographs were scored by two independent examiners according to relative amount of debris and/or smear layer present, as well as relative number of patent dentinal tubules. These scores were statistically analyzed using a Krustal-Wallis test and Wilcoxon Rank Sum tests to determine differences between groups. The coronal aspect of root canal walls irrigated with the EndoVac system exhibited significantly less debris and/or smear layer present when compared to the coronal aspect of root canals irrigated with only a standard 12-ml Monoject syringe equipped with 30-gauge ProRinse side-vented, closed-end needle (control). There were no other significant differences in scores between any groups at any location. For all locations combined, the EndoVac system produced significantly cleaner root canal walls as compared to the control. No significant differences were seen between the Canal CleanMax and Control or Canal CleanMax and EndoVac. This study suggested negative pressure irrigation delivery with the EndoVac system during and after hand-rotary instrumentation is more effective in removal of debris and smear layer from the coronal third and combined thirds of root canal walls compared to irrigation with a standard 12-ml Monoject syringe equipped with 30-gauge ProRinse side-vented, closed-end needle.