<p>This thesis describes a further development of a building block for programmable devices in embedded systems handling real-time functionality.</p><p>Embedded systems are included in a variety of products within different technical areas such as industrial automation, consumer electronics, automotive industry, and communication-, and multimedia systems. Products ranging from trains and airplanes to microwave ovens and washing machines are controlled by embedded systems.</p><p>Programmable devices constitute a part of these embedded systems. Today, a programmable device can include a complete system containing building blocks connected with each other via programs written using a hardware description language. The programmable devices can be programmed and changed over and over again and this flexibility makes it possible to explore how these building blocks can best be designed in relation to system requirements, before final implementation.</p><p>This thesis describes a further development of a building block for programmable devices implemented in a non-traditional way, i.e., the implementation is written using both hardware description language and traditional software languages. This new building block handles real-time functionality in a non-traditional way that enables certain benefits, such as increased performance, predictability and less memory consumption. Using a non-traditional implementation also has its drawbacks, and e.g., extensions and adjustments can be hard to handle since modifications are required in both hardware and software programming languages.</p><p>The new building block was investigated in order to see how it could be facilitated when used for real-time functionality. The configurability of the block was extended which enables further customization of the building block. This leads to the possibility to use the block within a wider spectrumof applications. It is also possible to reduce the size and cost of the final product since resource usage can be optimized.</p><p>Furthermore, a mathematicalmodel estimating resource usage for real-time functionality has been developed. The model enables distinctive trade-offs comparisons, and guidance for system designers, when considering what type of real-time operating system to use in a certain design.</p>

Sophisticated power electronic apparatus and their digital control systems are finding increasing applications in electric power systems at generation, transmission, distribution and utilization levels. It is essential to carry out rigorous performance evaluation of such apparatus before commissioning. Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) are becoming an attractive platform for accelerating computationally intensive applications. This thesis presents a FPGA-based real-time digital simulator for power electronic drives based on realistic device characteristics. A 3-level 12-pulse Voltage Source Converter (VSC) fed induction machine drive is implemented on the FPGA. The system components include the 3-level VSC, the induction machine, the direct field oriented controller, and the pulse width modulator. Both system-level and device-level IGBT models are utilized to implement the VSC. The VSC model is computed at a fixed time-step of 12:5ns allowing an accurate representation of the IGBT nonlinear switching characteristics. Altera Startix EP1S80 and EP3SL150F1152C2 FPGA boards utilized for the real-time simulation. All models were implemented in VHDL. The FPGA boards were interfaced to external DAC boards to display real-time results on the oscilloscope. The real-time results were validated using an off-line cosimulation set-up using the SABER and MATLAB/SIMULINK software. / Power Engineering and Power Electronics

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This thesis describes a further development of a building block for programmable devices in embedded systems handling real-time functionality. Embedded systems are included in a variety of products within different technical areas such as industrial automation, consumer electronics, automotive industry, and communication-, and multimedia systems. Products ranging from trains and airplanes to microwave ovens and washing machines are controlled by embedded systems. Programmable devices constitute a part of these embedded systems. Today, a programmable device can include a complete system containing building blocks connected with each other via programs written using a hardware description language. The programmable devices can be programmed and changed over and over again and this flexibility makes it possible to explore how these building blocks can best be designed in relation to system requirements, before final implementation. This thesis describes a further development of a building block for programmable devices implemented in a non-traditional way, i.e., the implementation is written using both hardware description language and traditional software languages. This new building block handles real-time functionality in a non-traditional way that enables certain benefits, such as increased performance, predictability and less memory consumption. Using a non-traditional implementation also has its drawbacks, and e.g., extensions and adjustments can be hard to handle since modifications are required in both hardware and software programming languages. The new building block was investigated in order to see how it could be facilitated when used for real-time functionality. The configurability of the block was extended which enables further customization of the building block. This leads to the possibility to use the block within a wider spectrumof applications. It is also possible to reduce the size and cost of the final product since resource usage can be optimized. Furthermore, a mathematicalmodel estimating resource usage for real-time functionality has been developed. The model enables distinctive trade-offs comparisons, and guidance for system designers, when considering what type of real-time operating system to use in a certain design.

This thesis deals with design and development of a I2S module driver for real-time operating system MQX running on a ColdFire V4 architecture based processor. Further there are presented circuit diagrams and PCBs created for testing of functions and properties of the driver. Signal input is a digital audio in form of S/PDIF interface, output is an analogue signal, that can be listened by the means of a headphone amplifier. The conclusion describes a sample application demonstrating function of the driver on developed hardware.

This masters's thesis deals with choice and implementation of two free real-time operating systems into powerful 32-bit microcontroller with ARM Cortex-M4F core. First, there is shortly described the ARM architecture in general, its programmer's model, instruction set and Cortex-M4F core in brief. Next is description of the architecture of used microcontroller STM32F407VGT6 from ST Microelectronics, description of its integrated memories and their organization and functions of its integrated A/D and D/A converters. Next part of this thesis deals with searching real-time operating systems with ARM Cortex-M4F core support and then choose two of these systems for the implementation. The chosen operating systems are more closely described in two following chapters. Next chapter analyses possible implementations of the digital PSD controller and more complex system of such controllers using real-time operating system. Following chapter describes implementation of chosen operating systems and designed controllers. Last chapter deals with evaluation of features and qualities of the chosen real-time operating systems for implementation of embedded control system.

This master’s thesis presents new tendency in automotive lighting – matrix LED headlamp. This thesis consists of description of matrix headlamp construction, main functions of matrix headlamp and controlling by using new integrated circuit, developed by ON Semiconductor Company. The aim of this project is concept of algorithm, which provides correct function of integrated circuit. A part of this thesis is to develop and assembly evaluation kit with this integrated circuit, which will be use to present integrated circuit for customers.

This work includes the complete design of a prototype embedded system for displaying information from a vehicle. ELM327 chip is described and its basic use. Work also describes the development of the diagnostic socket for  vehicles in European countries. Also contains a complete description of developing schematic, printed circuit board and firmware implementation. The thesis describes the use of realtime operating system in embedded system.

Embedded web server (EWS) is a web server that runs on a device with limited computing power and memory. By implementing a web server into embedded device with network connectivity we achieve new way of long distance management and control. Web technologies offer user-friendly GUI, simplicity and low prices. The aim of this project is a design of the EWS using Freescale resources. EWS have to have a slot for memory card, on-board peripheries or interfaces signals attached to connecter to allow connection of external devices. Firmware will be built on one of the freeware TCP/IP implementation for embedded systems.

<p dir="ltr">Dynamic analysis of embedded firmware is a necessary capability for many security tasks, e.g., vulnerability detection. Rehosting is a technique that enables dynamic analysis by facilitating the execution of firmware in a host environment decoupled from the actual hardware. Current rehosting techniques focus on high-fidelity execution of the entire firmware. Consequently, these techniques try to execute firmware in an emulated environment, with precise models of hardware (i.e., peripheral) interactions. However, these techniques are hard to scale and have various drawbacks. </p><p dir="ltr">Therefore, a novel take on rehosting is proposed by focusing on the application components and their interactions with the firmware without the need to model hardware dependencies. This is achieved by rehosting the embedded application as a Linux application. In addition to avoiding precise peripheral modeling, such a rehosting technique enables the use of existing dynamic analysis techniques on these embedded applications. The feasibility of this approach is demonstrated first by manually performing the rehosting on real-world embedded applications. The challenges in each of the phases – retargeting to x86-64, peripheral handling, and fuzzing the rehosted applications are elaborated. Furthermore, automated steps for retargeting to the x86-64 and peripheral handling are developed. The peripheral handling achieves 89% accuracy if reserved regions are also considered. The testing of these rehosted applications found 2 previously unknown defects in driver components.</p>