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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Tensile Response of Amorphous/Nanocrystalline ZrCu/Cu Multilayered Thin Films

Pei, Hao-Jan 11 June 2012 (has links)
In this research, the amorphous/nanocrystalline ZrCu/Cu multilayered thin films with various conditions such as individual layer thickness, total layer thickness, and interface type have been successfully fabricated by the multi-gun sputtering processes. To investigate the mechanical properties and deformation behaviors of substrate-supported ZrCu/Cu multilayered thin films, these films deposited on the Cu or polyimide foils were prepared for tensile testing. Firstly, the tensile behaviors of the monolithic ZrCu thin film metallic glass and the ZrCu/Cu multilayered thin films deposited on the pure Cu foils are systematically examined. The extracted tensile modulus and strength of the 1-£gm-thick multilayered thin films are in good agreement with the theoretical iso-strain rule of mixture prediction. The extracted 2-£gm-thick multilayered film data are lower, but can be corrected back by considering the actual intact cross-sectional area during the tensile loading. Moreover, the current results reveal that the ZrCu/Cu multilayered coating exhibit much better tensile performance than the monolithic ZrCu coating. It indicates that the amorphous/nanocrystalline multilayered thin film structure can certainly enhance the mechanical properties of monolithic thin film metallic glasses under tension. Secondly, for the further investigation of tensile response, the polyimide-supported amorphous/nanocrystalline ZrCu/Cu multilayered thin films with various individual layer thicknesses from 10 to 100 nm were prepared. The relatively soft, smooth, and flexible polyimide foils as the substrates in this experiment can undergo sufficient deformation under In this research, the amorphous/nanocrystalline ZrCu/Cu multilayered thin films with various conditions such as individual layer thickness, total layer thickness, and interface type have been successfully fabricated by the multi-gun sputtering processes. To investigate the mechanical properties and deformation behaviors of substrate-supported ZrCu/Cu multilayered thin films, these films deposited on the Cu or polyimide foils were prepared for tensile testing. Firstly, the tensile behaviors of the monolithic ZrCu thin film metallic glass and the ZrCu/Cu multilayered thin films deposited on the pure Cu foils are systematically examined. The extracted tensile modulus and strength of the 1-£gm-thick multilayered thin films are in good agreement with the theoretical iso-strain rule of mixture prediction. The extracted 2-£gm-thick multilayered film data are lower, but can be corrected back by considering the actual intact cross-sectional area during the tensile loading. Moreover, the current results reveal that the ZrCu/Cu multilayered coating exhibit much better tensile performance than the monolithic ZrCu coating. It indicates that the amorphous/nanocrystalline multilayered thin film structure can certainly enhance the mechanical properties of monolithic thin film metallic glasses under tension. Secondly, for the further investigation of tensile response, the polyimide-supported amorphous/nanocrystalline ZrCu/Cu multilayered thin films with various individual layer thicknesses from 10 to 100 nm were prepared. The relatively soft, smooth, and flexible polyimide foils as the substrates in this experiment can undergo sufficient deformation under tension. The modulus and strength of the multilayered thin film are again demonstrated to be consistent with the theoretical iso-strain rule of mixture values. As the individual layer thickness decreases from 100 to 10 nm, the Young¡¦s moduli are only varied slightly. However, the maximum tensile stress exhibits a highest value for the 25 nm layer thickness. The higher crack spacing, or the lower crack density, of this 25 nm multilayer film leads to the highest strength. Thirdly, to avoid the stress and strain incompatibility owing to the mismatch of elastic modulus and strength levels from the connected amorphous/nanocrystalline layers, the Cu-supported amorphous/nanocrystalline ZrCu/Cu multilayered thin films with sharp and graded interfaces were successfully sputtered and examined by tensile testing. The extracted tensile properties of the multilayered films can be compared with the predicted values based on the two-phase and three-phase iso-strain rule of mixture model. The multilayered films with graded interfaces, each about 50 nm thick, consistently exhibit higher tensile strength and elongation. This can be rationalized by the reduced stress and strain incompatibility along the interfaces.
2

Modelo numérico mecanobiológico para a obtenção da matriz de rigidez estrutural e da densidade mineral na remodelagem óssea / A mechanobiological numerical model for the obtaining of the structural stiffness matrix and mineral density in the bone remodeling phenomenon

Rafael Rocha Mattazio 27 January 2016 (has links)
Neste trabalho é proposto um modelo mecanobiológico de remodelagem óssea para a estimativa de variações, provocadas por perturbações mecânicas ou biológicas, na matriz de rigidez estrutural da escala macroscópica e na densidade mineral em uma região do osso. Na cooperação entre as áreas da saúde e da engenharia, como nos estudos estruturais de biomecânica no sistema esquelético, as propriedades mecânicas dos materiais devem ser conhecidas, entretanto os ossos possuem uma constituição material altamente complexa, dinâmica e variante entre indivíduos. Sua dinâmica decorre dos ciclos de absorção e deposição de matriz óssea na remodelagem óssea, a qual ocorre para manter a integridade estrutural do esqueleto e adaptá-lo aos estímulos do ambiente, sejam eles biológicos, químicos ou mecânicos. Como a remodelagem óssea pode provocar alterações no material do osso, espera-se que suas propriedades mecânicas também sejam alteradas. Na literatura científica há modelos matemáticos que preveem a variação da matriz de rigidez estrutural a partir do estímulo mecânico, porém somente os modelos mais recentes incluíram explicitamente processos biológicos e químicos da remodelagem óssea. A densidade mineral óssea é um importante parâmetro utilizado no diagnóstico de doenças ósseas na área médica. Desse modo, para a obtenção da variação da rigidez estrutural e da densidade mineral óssea, propõe-se um modelo numérico mecanobiológico composto por cinco submodelos: da dinâmica da população de células ósseas, da resposta das células ao estímulo mecânico, da porosidade óssea, da densidade mineral óssea e, baseado na Lei de Voigt para materiais compósitos, da rigidez estrutural. Os valores das constantes das equações dos submodelos foram obtidos de literatura. Para a solução das equações do modelo, propõe-se uma implementação numérica e computacional escrita em linguagem C. O método de Runge-Kutta-Dorman-Prince, cuja vantagem consiste no uso de um passo de solução variável, é utilizado no modelo para controlar o erro numérico do resultado do sistema de equações diferenciais. Foi realizada uma avaliação comparativa entre os resultados obtidos com o modelo proposto e os da literatura dos modelos de remodelagem óssea recentes. Conclui-se que o modelo e a implementação propostos são capazes de obter variações da matriz de rigidez estrutural macroscópica e da densidade mineral óssea decorrentes da perturbação nos parâmetros mecânicos ou biológicos do processo de remodelagem óssea. / This Master thesis addresses a mechanobiological model that estimates variations in the bone macroscopic stiffness matrix and mineral density caused by mechanical or biological disturbances in a bone site undergoing the bone remodeling phenomenon. In interdisciplinary studies in health and engineering sciences, as structural biomechanical studies of the skeleton, the mechanical properties of the materials must be known. However, the bone material is highly complex, displays a dynamic behavior and its characteristics vary among individuals. Its dynamic behavior results from the bone matrix deposition and resorption cycles of the bone remodeling phenomenon for the maintenance of the skeletal structural integrity and its adaptation to environmental stimuli, which can be biological, chemical or mechanical. As bone remodeling can change the quantities of the bone material, deviations in the bone mechanical properties are also expected. The literature reports mathematical models that can predict changes in the bone structural stiffness matrix promoted by mechanical stimuli, however, only the newest ones have explicitly included the biochemical processes from bone remodeling. Bone mineral density is an important parameter for the diagnosis of bone diseases, therefore, a mechanobiological numerical model of the bone remodeling phenomenon is proposed for the determination of changes in bone stiffness and mineral density. The method is composed of five modules, namely, bone cells population dynamics, response of bone cells to mechanical stimuli, bone porosity, bone mineral density and bone stiffness calculated by Voigt\'s Law for composite materials. The values of the constants for the equations of the modules were obtained from the literature. A numerical computational code written in C language was implemented, so that the equations of the model could be solved automatically. The Runge-Kutta-Dorman-Prince method, whose advantage is its variable solution step, solved the differential equations ensuring numerically controlled errors for the solutions. A benchmark analysis was conducted using the solutions of the proposed model and the latest bone remodeling models. The model, the numerical method and the code implementation estimated changes in the macroscopic structural stiffness matrix and mineral density of the bone caused by induced disturbances in the mechanical or biological parameters of the bone remodeling process.
3

Modelo numérico mecanobiológico para a obtenção da matriz de rigidez estrutural e da densidade mineral na remodelagem óssea / A mechanobiological numerical model for the obtaining of the structural stiffness matrix and mineral density in the bone remodeling phenomenon

Mattazio, Rafael Rocha 27 January 2016 (has links)
Neste trabalho é proposto um modelo mecanobiológico de remodelagem óssea para a estimativa de variações, provocadas por perturbações mecânicas ou biológicas, na matriz de rigidez estrutural da escala macroscópica e na densidade mineral em uma região do osso. Na cooperação entre as áreas da saúde e da engenharia, como nos estudos estruturais de biomecânica no sistema esquelético, as propriedades mecânicas dos materiais devem ser conhecidas, entretanto os ossos possuem uma constituição material altamente complexa, dinâmica e variante entre indivíduos. Sua dinâmica decorre dos ciclos de absorção e deposição de matriz óssea na remodelagem óssea, a qual ocorre para manter a integridade estrutural do esqueleto e adaptá-lo aos estímulos do ambiente, sejam eles biológicos, químicos ou mecânicos. Como a remodelagem óssea pode provocar alterações no material do osso, espera-se que suas propriedades mecânicas também sejam alteradas. Na literatura científica há modelos matemáticos que preveem a variação da matriz de rigidez estrutural a partir do estímulo mecânico, porém somente os modelos mais recentes incluíram explicitamente processos biológicos e químicos da remodelagem óssea. A densidade mineral óssea é um importante parâmetro utilizado no diagnóstico de doenças ósseas na área médica. Desse modo, para a obtenção da variação da rigidez estrutural e da densidade mineral óssea, propõe-se um modelo numérico mecanobiológico composto por cinco submodelos: da dinâmica da população de células ósseas, da resposta das células ao estímulo mecânico, da porosidade óssea, da densidade mineral óssea e, baseado na Lei de Voigt para materiais compósitos, da rigidez estrutural. Os valores das constantes das equações dos submodelos foram obtidos de literatura. Para a solução das equações do modelo, propõe-se uma implementação numérica e computacional escrita em linguagem C. O método de Runge-Kutta-Dorman-Prince, cuja vantagem consiste no uso de um passo de solução variável, é utilizado no modelo para controlar o erro numérico do resultado do sistema de equações diferenciais. Foi realizada uma avaliação comparativa entre os resultados obtidos com o modelo proposto e os da literatura dos modelos de remodelagem óssea recentes. Conclui-se que o modelo e a implementação propostos são capazes de obter variações da matriz de rigidez estrutural macroscópica e da densidade mineral óssea decorrentes da perturbação nos parâmetros mecânicos ou biológicos do processo de remodelagem óssea. / This Master thesis addresses a mechanobiological model that estimates variations in the bone macroscopic stiffness matrix and mineral density caused by mechanical or biological disturbances in a bone site undergoing the bone remodeling phenomenon. In interdisciplinary studies in health and engineering sciences, as structural biomechanical studies of the skeleton, the mechanical properties of the materials must be known. However, the bone material is highly complex, displays a dynamic behavior and its characteristics vary among individuals. Its dynamic behavior results from the bone matrix deposition and resorption cycles of the bone remodeling phenomenon for the maintenance of the skeletal structural integrity and its adaptation to environmental stimuli, which can be biological, chemical or mechanical. As bone remodeling can change the quantities of the bone material, deviations in the bone mechanical properties are also expected. The literature reports mathematical models that can predict changes in the bone structural stiffness matrix promoted by mechanical stimuli, however, only the newest ones have explicitly included the biochemical processes from bone remodeling. Bone mineral density is an important parameter for the diagnosis of bone diseases, therefore, a mechanobiological numerical model of the bone remodeling phenomenon is proposed for the determination of changes in bone stiffness and mineral density. The method is composed of five modules, namely, bone cells population dynamics, response of bone cells to mechanical stimuli, bone porosity, bone mineral density and bone stiffness calculated by Voigt\'s Law for composite materials. The values of the constants for the equations of the modules were obtained from the literature. A numerical computational code written in C language was implemented, so that the equations of the model could be solved automatically. The Runge-Kutta-Dorman-Prince method, whose advantage is its variable solution step, solved the differential equations ensuring numerically controlled errors for the solutions. A benchmark analysis was conducted using the solutions of the proposed model and the latest bone remodeling models. The model, the numerical method and the code implementation estimated changes in the macroscopic structural stiffness matrix and mineral density of the bone caused by induced disturbances in the mechanical or biological parameters of the bone remodeling process.

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