The engagement of farm businesses with pluriactivity in response to persistent downward pressures on agricultural incomes provided an enduring focus for research in agricultural geography during the late 20th century. This study contributes to and further develops the pluriactivity genre of research through a detailed investigation of farm-based recreation. A review of existing literature reveals that farm-based recreation has been widely acknowledged as a significant component of pluriactivity, yet the reasons for its contemporary development remain largely unexplored for two main interrelated reasons. First, the concept of pluriactivity is inadequate because it places emphasis on income-generating non-agricultural enterprises, yet many recreational activities fill non-economic roles within the farm business and have therefore been ignored in previous research. Secondly, those studies that examine farm-based recreation specifically are anachronistic and suffer from a failure to define it consistently. The variety of recreational activities included within 'recreation' varies considerably between studies. For example, the majority of studies have not included shortterm recreational events in their analyses. The economic nature of these studies is again a handicap. This study resolves definitional issues and presents a conceptual framework for a more rigorous analysis of farm-based recreation than hitherto has been attempted. The framework synthesizes the underlying principles of the established modified political economy approach in agricultural geography with insights from postmodernism in rural geography as represented by the 'cultural turn'. It represents a rational, sensible and profitable approach which combines the major strengths and takes account of the criticisms of both perspectives. Its value for this study is that a flexible methodology can be used to ensure that the analysis is sensitive to the great diversity of both recreational activities and the farm business forms within which they are enmeshed. An extensive postal questionnaire survey of over 4000 farms is conducted in eight geographical regions (counties) selected primarily on the basis of their agricultural characteristics. This enables the diversity of recreational activities to be fully appreciated and a geographical analysis of them to be undertaken, features rarely explored by the literature. Building upon the quantitative approach of the postal questionnaire survey, 20 individual farm businesses are selected for more detailed qualitative investigation in the form of ethnographic case studies. Using the conceptual framework as a guide, results from both quantitative and qualitative approaches are discussed in an integrative way to provide a novel analysis of farm-based recreation. The results highlight the widespread occurrence of recreational activities. Indeed, 41% of the postal questionnaire survey respondents provide some form of permanent and/or temporary recreational activity, a figure significantly higher than typically reported in previous studies. Differentiated by broad categories, and specific types, the diversity of different forms of recreational provision becomes apparent, highlighting the occurrence of numerous types rarely documented before. Distinct patterns emerge from an analysis of the inter- and intra-regional incidence of recreational provision. The characteristics of recreational activities and the factors influencing their initiation, operation and evolution are explored. The relatively low level of financial motivation expressed in relation to the initiation of recreational activities is of particular interest (42% of farms with recreational provision), and highlights the abundance of non-financially motivated forms and the importance of interest, altruistic and social motives. Clear variations in motives according to categories, and types, of recreational activity are also observed and two broad groups, characterised as economic 'diversification recreation' and non-economic 'cultural recreation', emerge. Detailed analysis of the relationships between recreational provision and farm business characteristics and operation identifies many strong links. Finally, an exploration of the reasons for the non-adoption of recreational activities is undertaken. With a renewed policy emphasis on rural development, including on-farm diversification, from the Agenda 2000 reform of the European Union's Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) currently being implemented, these findings make a significant contribution to the understanding of a phenomenon that is likely to be important to both farmers and researchers in agricultural geography in the early 21st century.

O presente trabalho busca identificar os problemas relacionados com controle e gestão de custos, sistema contábil e financeiro encontrados pelo pequeno produtor rural, especificamente o produtor de citros no município de Bebedouro-SP - para gerenciar sua propriedade com visão empresarial e empreendedora, chamando a atenção para a necessidade de terem além dessa visão, um preparo técnico/científico de maneira a poderem estruturar seu negócio, que tem responsabilidade de participar de uma cadeia produtiva que envolve bilhões de dólares anuais na economia. Portanto não podem mais trabalhar empiricamente, sem o uso da tecnologia da informação, que o auxiliará na gestão de sua propriedade-empresa. É de fundamental importância que adquira e utilize conhecimentos de contabilidade, finanças, administração, custos, além da informática entre outros, apliquem meios como orçamentos, fluxo de caixa e planejamento. Trabalhando com recursos escassos é importante sua utilização de forma a maximizar os resultados, pois, além dos fatores internos controláveis o produtor se vê às voltas com os fatores externos dos quais não pode escapar, mas tentar de forma científica minimizar seus efeitos negativos, buscando orientação técnica e conhecimentos que propicie ocupar seu lugar de acordo com sua importância em todo esse processo produtivo. / The present work trues to identify the problems found by the small rural producer, especially the citrus one in Bebedouro city - SP - to manage its estate with a business view, calling the attention to the necessity of having, besides this view, a technical and scientific preparation to organize its business, that has the responsability to participate of a productive chain that involves billions of dollars int anual economy. However, the producer can\'t work without the information technology usage that will help to administrate the business property. It is extremely important to acquire and to use Accounting Knowledge, Finances, Administration, Cost, among others, and to apply ways like budgets, current cost and planning. It is essential to work with weak resources to develop the results because besides the internal controllable facts, the producer faces the external ones of which he can\'t be rid of, sut he will try in the scientific form to minimize the negative effects, looking for technical advice in knowledge that will take place according to the importance in all this productive process.

This study explored the processes of innovation among innovative rural manufacturing SMEs by using the narratives of the owner/mangers of case study firms and other actors involved in the innovation process. This was consistent with the ontology of critical realism that was selected which entailed the use of case study method as a tool for data collection. This study makes a number of incremental rather than radical contributions to innovation theory and our understanding of innovation among rural Manufacturing SMEs. The results of this study shows the importance of opinions of owner/managers in the measurement of innovation considering that the majority were either unaware of the need to register their innovation and the lack of support organizations in rural areas who can advice SMEs on the need for patents and the registration process. Regarding the characteristics of innovation in rural areas, the results showed that rural innovative SMEs are likely to be relatively strong in innovations where effects of scale are not yet important but where they can make use of their flexibility and proximity to market demand. The results of this study showed that SMEs received ideas for their innovations from various sources located both within and outside the case study area. The firms then used different approaches to develop their innovations including internalised design and externalised manufacturing, externalised design and internalised manufacturing, and internalised both design and manufacturing. Lastly, rurality did not appear to constrain the processes of innovation since SMEs had developed strategies that enabled them to adapt and adjust to their rural environment in order to remain innovative.

Submitted by FLAVIA HOSNE DE FREITAS GALVÃO null (flahosne@yahoo.com.br) on 2018-01-19T10:37:58Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE FLAVIA HOSNE DE FREITAS GALVÃO.pdf: 1449223 bytes, checksum: e77cfcea26a6530eea393b67b92877ff (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Lucia Martins Frederico null (mlucia@fca.unesp.br) on 2018-01-22T11:54:20Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 galvao,fhf_dr_bot.pdf: 1449223 bytes, checksum: e77cfcea26a6530eea393b67b92877ff (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-22T11:54:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 galvao,fhf_dr_bot.pdf: 1449223 bytes, checksum: e77cfcea26a6530eea393b67b92877ff (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-11-23 / O crescimento e profissionalização do agronegócio torna primordial a busca pelo conhecimento na gestão e adoção de práticas administrativas que facilitem e otimizem o trabalho no campo. A capacitação contínua do profissionalprecisa ser prática e teórica, para que se possa entender a gestão do agronegócio como um todo e, assim, melhorar a qualidade de seus negócios com maior produtividade e sustentabilidade. Por outro lado, as unidades de produção de base familiar têm se destacado como objeto de pesquisa pela estrutura social e desenvolvimento sustentável do meio rural brasileiro. Vivemos um momento de questionamentos quanto ao que agride ou não o meio ambiente e os seres viventes. A agricultura familiar é de importância ímpar neste novo olhar para o mundo e a sua preservação, e por consequência a preservação do seu saber, aliada a uma geração de valor pelo seu trabalho. O presente estudo analisou e diagnosticou a importância do planejamento e organização da estrutura de produção e comercialização, a viabilidade econômica de acordo com sua lógica sustentável de produção familiar. Foi realizado um estudo de caso com um grupo de dezesseis agricultores caracterizados como familiares liderados por mulheres. Após análise realizada concluiu-se que o trabalho individual não é economicamente viável, assim, viabilizou-se o trabalho conjunto por meio da constituição de uma cooperativa, cujo nome deu-se como “Grupo Mulher”. Ao final do estudo foi criado um modelo de Plano de Negócio para Agricultura Familiar através de um quadro simples a fim de facilitar o manuseio para os envolvidos. / The growth and professionalization of agribusiness makes it primordial the search for knowledge in the management and adoption of administrative practices that facilitate and optimize the work in field. The continuous training of the professional must be theoretical and practice, so that one can understand the management of the agribusiness as a whole and, improve the quality of this business with productivity and sustainability. On the other side, family based production units have been highlighted as an object of research by the social structure and sustainable development of the Brazilian rural environment. We live in a moment of answers as what affects the environment or the living beings. Family farming is of a unique importance in this new look of world and its preservation, and consequently the preservation of its knowledge, allied to a generation of value for its work. The present study analyzed and diagnosed the importance of planning and organization of production and marketing structure, economic viability according to its sustainable logic of family production. A case study was conducted with a group of sixteen farmers characterized as family members headed by women. After this analysis, it concluded that the individual work is not economically viable, then, the joint work was possible through the creation of a cooperative, whose name was given as ‘GrupoMulher’. At the end of this study, a Business Plan for Family Agriculture model was created through a simple framework to facilitate the handling for those involved.

O presente trabalho busca identificar os problemas relacionados com controle e gestão de custos, sistema contábil e financeiro encontrados pelo pequeno produtor rural, especificamente o produtor de citros no município de Bebedouro-SP - para gerenciar sua propriedade com visão empresarial e empreendedora, chamando a atenção para a necessidade de terem além dessa visão, um preparo técnico/científico de maneira a poderem estruturar seu negócio, que tem responsabilidade de participar de uma cadeia produtiva que envolve bilhões de dólares anuais na economia. Portanto não podem mais trabalhar empiricamente, sem o uso da tecnologia da informação, que o auxiliará na gestão de sua propriedade-empresa. É de fundamental importância que adquira e utilize conhecimentos de contabilidade, finanças, administração, custos, além da informática entre outros, apliquem meios como orçamentos, fluxo de caixa e planejamento. Trabalhando com recursos escassos é importante sua utilização de forma a maximizar os resultados, pois, além dos fatores internos controláveis o produtor se vê às voltas com os fatores externos dos quais não pode escapar, mas tentar de forma científica minimizar seus efeitos negativos, buscando orientação técnica e conhecimentos que propicie ocupar seu lugar de acordo com sua importância em todo esse processo produtivo. / The present work trues to identify the problems found by the small rural producer, especially the citrus one in Bebedouro city - SP - to manage its estate with a business view, calling the attention to the necessity of having, besides this view, a technical and scientific preparation to organize its business, that has the responsability to participate of a productive chain that involves billions of dollars int anual economy. However, the producer can\'t work without the information technology usage that will help to administrate the business property. It is extremely important to acquire and to use Accounting Knowledge, Finances, Administration, Cost, among others, and to apply ways like budgets, current cost and planning. It is essential to work with weak resources to develop the results because besides the internal controllable facts, the producer faces the external ones of which he can\'t be rid of, sut he will try in the scientific form to minimize the negative effects, looking for technical advice in knowledge that will take place according to the importance in all this productive process.

This Master thesis is based on empirical research of entrepreneurial subjects located in microregion Sedlčany which searches and evaluates the impacts of rural entrepreneurship in this region. Rural entrepreneurship has gone through changes. In comparison to its past, these changes have reflected the growing importance of non-agricultural subjects in countryside. Theoretical part presents a view into general way-outs to define a countryside and rural business. In addition, practical part pays attention to analysis of specific impacts of companies in this limited region. For instance, it brings us critical knowledge about cooperative networking, targeted markets, positive and negative factors which may influence local businesses. A component of this analysis is also an attempt to find and define motivating factors for migration in this monitored area.

Abstract Currently there is a significant change occurring in the area of Finnish agriculture. The amount of farms is decreasing while the average farm size is increasing. Farms have sought for additional income sources outside of agriculture. Already one third of Finnish farms take part in other business activities in addition to agriculture. The main objective of this doctoral thesis is to increase the understanding of the activities of farm related businesses and to find factors by which their development can be promoted. The subject is analysed from a business management point of view. The thesis covers strategies, business models, resource based theory, business development, factors affecting development, problems, and a need for external support. This study follows the hermeneutic approach. The subject under study is complex and diversified, thus, it is approached qualitatively. The farm related case firms (18 in all) represent food processing, tourism, and machine contracting. Farm related enterprises are a heterogeneous group. Some common features were, however, identified in the case firms. The research confirms earlier knowledge indicating that farm related firms have stronger skills in production than in marketing. There are no official strategy processes in use and the strategic planning and strategy implementation are closer to those of the entrepreneurial school. The resource analysis shows that the resources giving competitive advantage to firms with different business ideas vary even within the same business sector. The research confirms the viewpoint that additional business is not simply a transition stage from agriculture to other business activities, but both of them can be active in parallel. The research shows that there are differences between additional business sectors relating to how easy it is to run the business. Machine contracting seems to pose the least problems compared to the other sectors analysed in this study. The research shows that the entrepreneurs do not recognise the reasons behind the problems. The diversified business practises result in a feeling of being insufficient, especially when the farm takes a part of the resources. Farm related businesses should, even to a greater extent than other small firms, focus their business activities. This research lays a foundation for understanding the business models, resources, and development paths of the farm related businesses and gives recommendations for how to promote additional businesses on farms. / Tiivistelmä Suomen maataloudessa on meneillään voimakas rakennemuutos. Maatilojen määrä vähenee ja tilojen keskikoko kasvaa. Tilat etsivät uusia toimeentulolähteitä maatalouden ulkopuolisista toiminnoista. Jo kolmannes Suomen maatiloista harjoittaa myös muuta yritystoimintaa maa- ja metsätalouden lisäksi. Tämän väitöskirjan päätavoitteena on lisätä ymmärrystä maatilakytkentäisten yritysten toiminnasta ja kehittymisestä sekä löytää tekijöitä, joilla niiden kehittymistä voidaan edistää. Asiaa lähestytään liikkeenjohdon näkökulmasta, minkä sisällä tarkastellaan strategiaa, liiketoimintamalleja, resurssiperusteista teoriaa, muun yritystoiminnan kehittymistä, kehittymiseen vaikuttavia tekijöitä, ongelmia sekä ulkopuolisen avun tarvetta. Tässä väitöskirjassa esitettävä tutkimus on lähtökohdiltaan hermeneuttista. Tutkittava aihe on moni-ilmeinen, joten sitä lähestytään kvalitatiivisesti. Tutkimus on pääosin deskriptiivistä, vaikka lopussa esitetään suosittelevia johtopäätöksiä. Aineistossa mukana olevat maatilakytkentäiset yritykset (yhteensä 18) edustavat elintarvikkeiden jatkojalostusta, matkailua ja koneurakointia. Maatilakytkentäisten yritysten joukko on heterogeeninen. Aineiston yrityksistä tunnistettiin kuitenkin joitain tyypillisiä piirteitä. Asiakaskunta on maantieteellisesti suppealla alueella ja strategiavalintana on erikoistuminen. Yritysten strategia ja toiminta ovat rönsyileviä. Tutkimus vahvistaa aikaisempaa tietoa siitä, että maatilakytkentäiset yritykset ovat enemmän tuotanto- kuin markkinointiosaajia. Yrityksissä ei ole käytössä virallisia strategiaprosesseja, vaan strategian suunnittelu ja toteutus ovat lähimpänä yrittäjyyskoulukuntaa. Tutkimus vahvistaa aikaisempaa tietoa siitä, että muun yritystoiminnan pääasiallisena tavoitteena on jatkuva ja vakaa tulovirta viljelijäperheelle. Resurssien tarkastelu osoittaa, että eri liikeidealla toimivilla yrityksillä kilpailuetua tuovat resurssit vaihtelevat myös toimialan sisällä. Tutkimus vahvistaa näkökantaa, että muu yritystoiminta ei ole pelkkä siirtymävaihe maataloudesta yritystoimintaan, vaan niitä voidaan harjoittaa myös yhdessä. Tutkimus osoittaa muun yritystoiminnan toimialan vaikuttavan toiminnan ongelmallisuuteen sekä maatilan kehittymiseen. Urakointi vaikuttaa ongelmattomimmalta muihin aineistossa mukana olleisiin aloihin verrattuna. Yrittäjät kokevat useimmiten ongelmalliseksi markkinoinnin, pääoman sitoutumisen ja ajan puutteen. Tutkimuksen mukaan yrittäjät eivät tunnista ongelmiensa syitä. Aineiston perusteella voidaan todeta, että avuntarpeen taustalla on liikkeenjohdollisten työkalujen käytön puute ja toimintatapa. Toiminnan hajanaisuus johtaa riittämättömyyden tunteeseen, varsinkin kun maatila vie osan resursseista. Maatilakytkentäisten yritysten tulisikin jopa normaalia pienyritystä tarkemmin rajata toimintaansa. Tutkimus luo pohjaa maatilakytkentäisten yritysten toimintatavan, resurssien ja kehityspolkujen tuntemukselle sekä esittää suosituksia, millä tavoin maatilojen harjoittamaa muuta yritystoimintaa tulisi edistää.

The aim of this thesis is the specification and analysis of aspects of human resources and their culture, and the impact on quality of life and stabilization in selected municipality with the suggests possible improvement the current state. The theoretical part deals with rural development and population stabilization. In the practical part is the current state of the village Dunajovice in South Bohemia being analyzed. Data source is a questionnaire survey, consisting of two questionnaires and one test, also interview with the mayor of the municipality and my own observation of the current state. In the conclusion there are formulated recommendations for changes to improve the quality of life in this municipality.