Thesis (M.A.) - Carleton University, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 96-99). Also available in electronic format on the Internet.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Toronto, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 190-204).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Princeton University, 1994. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 256-275).

Theses (Psy. D.)--Marshall University, 2006. / Title from document title page. Includes abstract. Document formatted into pages: contains vi, 102 pages. Includes vitae. Bibliography: p. 48-62.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Canterbury, 2006. / Typescript (photocopy). Includes bibliographical references (p. 280-312). Also available via the World Wide Web.

Thesis (M.A.)--Kent State University, 2008. / Title from PDF t.p. (viewed Oct. 5, 2009). Advisor: Vilma Seeberg. Keywords: Rural Chinese girls; higher education; disadvantaged; Limited Good; patriarchy. Includes bibliographical references (p. 41-46).

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Philosophiae Doctor - PhD / Cancer is a major public health concern in both developed and developing countries; it accounts for 13% of all deaths globally, of which 70% occur in middle- and low-income countries. In Nigeria, over 10 000 cancer deaths and 250 000 new cases of cancer are recorded yearly. Breast cancer is the second most common cancer worldwide, after lung cancer. It is the most common type of cancer diagnosed in women and the most common cause of death worldwide. Late detection and diagnosis of breast cancer leads to high mortality rate. In Nigeria certain cultural taboos are associated with breast cancer, which lead to poor information dissemination to women in rural communities. Breast self-examination (BSE) provides an inexpensive method for early detection of breast tumours. Knowledge and awareness about Breast Self-Examination are critical to promote consistent practices when the people concerned are empowered with the needed information to acquire the knowledge and skills which will inform practice of any health issue. In Nigeria it was reported that the number of women at risk of breast cancer increased progressively from 24.5 million in 1990 to about 40 million in 2010. This number is projected to rise to over 50 million by 2020, should the trend continue unabated. The current study explored the understandings of breast cancer and prevention, with particular emphasis on BSE practice among rural women, and developed an empowerment programme to promote uptake of this practice in a rural community in a south-western state of Nigeria. The study was framed in the Health Belief Model and Kieffer’s empowerment process. Participatory action research was used as study design and approach; and utilized both qualitative and qualitative methods. The sample for quantitative phase comprised 345 women aged 20 to 60 years, selected from 5 communities using a cross-sectional procedure. Data gathering instrument was a questionnaire. Summative statistics were calculated using the SPSS program. The sample for qualitative phase comprised of 95 women who were selected from the respondents to the quantitative phase. The data was collected through focus group discussion. The qualitative data was subjected to thematic analysis. Three themes that emerged for qualitative analysis which are: knowledge/awareness of BSE, practice and appeal for intervention, and misconception and fear. The survey results showed that a large proportion of the respondents (75.1% and 76.5%) had low levels of knowledge about BSE and did not practice BSE. Also, about 77% of the respondents expressed one form of barrier or another to BSE practice. However, despite these inadequacies, 87% of the respondents were ready and willing to improve their health if empowered with the right information and motivation. The empowerment program informed by the quantitative and qualitative phases and the stages of change with the full participation of the women. The program consisted of hands-on physical demonstrations, BSE pamphlets, and mnemonic songs were identified media of disseminating knowledge and practice of BSE. These media became the platforms for the empowerment programme developed for the women. A day was also set aside, just as is done for immunisation, for BSE practice and other women’s health issues to promote the prevention of breast cancer in the community. The “Physical demonstration” intervention resulted in an increase in the correct BSE practice from 23.5% at the beginning of the study, to 85.3% post the intervention. The “other intervention” resulted in 80% to 94.7% of participating women being able to practice correct physical step-by-step performance of BSE. The participatory approach contribute to a high levels of participation by women in Iddo local Government which led to the increase in the correct Breast Self–Examination as stated above.

Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts in Community Work in the Department of Social Work University of Zululand, 2000. / The purpose of this study was to assess the efficiency of womens' development projects particularly agricultural extension projects with the aim of investigating their administration and impact on womens' livelihoods. The central view held by this study was that the important role played by women and the potential to fulfil an even greater role has been overlooked to a large extent in South Africa. Although there are numerous organisations and projects aimed at development at the rural and community level, very little attention has been paid to the role of women and the enhancement thereof. Special focus of the study was on women only development projects as it was assumed that these projects are starting points from which developing areas can start a movement of planned development. It was discovered that womens' development projects are still having some flaws because the recognition of such projects is still lacking from the work of development planners. Essentially, the problem encountered among project participants was that of dual or multiple roles performed by women and such environmental problems like lack of access to markets, transportation and theft of produce. Training, management and organisation, empowerment and capacity building is still lacking in project participants. Basically those women who participate in projects do so from destitution. They are old, uneducated and poverty- stricken such that very little about these projects seems to be attractive and very little income is being generated from them The study revealed that an awareness of the importance of development of women has started to surface, and some efforts are being made to accommodate women and to raise them. (v) The critical view of extension projects was that they comprise strengthening the autonomy of women to alleviate poverty. This suggests that women should be brought fully into the development projects and must be given opportunity to put their abilities to full use at every stage of the development process. Extension projects must be seen therefore to be acknowledging this reality. To achieve this, womens' extension projects have to be reconsidered so that they lead to women becoming effective and efficient managers, administrators and decision -makers. Ongoing support and training is needed to ensure that the skills and expertise of women who are project participants are gradually being improved and they are afforded a chance to develop and have equal access to opportunities at all levels in the society. / National Research Foundation and University of Zululand

Submitted to the faculty of Arts in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Sociology in the Department of Sociology at the University of Zululand, South Africa, 1982. / The study is concerned with the role of rural women in society. It focuses on a typically agricultural, grass-root community where the forces of traditional Zulu culture are still at work in family and clan relationships. This traditional way of life is retained and enforced through the most powerful institutions of religion and politics. Thus the authority structure and religious philosophy permeate interpersonal relationships giving them a character which is distinctively rural. Architecture, mode of dress, dietary habits and household settlement attest to the rurality of the community. This is an exploratory case study of a small section of a larger commu= nity, and which section represents the overall ~eneral character of the community. Although typically rural in terms of value and normative system, nevertheless it is already being steadily exposed to elements of an industrial society e.g. a money economy, agricultural technology, formal schooling and outmigration of male workers. We therefore see in this microcosm two forces at work - traditional as well as modern. The research population is representative of a traditional community in transition. The study focuses on role-behaviour of rural women and its implications for development. The research group is already partially exposed to the effects of rural development. To what extent their present role affords them meaningful participation and benefit from their community's changing status will be revealed with greater clarity as their particular role-behaviour,within their given environment, is analysed. With respect to rationale for choosing this particular group, we can argue that they are the most suitable respondents on whom to do research which focuses on rural behavioural patterns, on the one hand, and social change and development on the other. The population is neither totally isolated in its rural social system nor influenced by forces of modernisation to the extent that the basic cultural ~radition is effaced.