Languages within one language family may be so closely related that their speakers often communicate, each using their own language. This phenomenon was investigated in African, Germanic and Romance languages and coined as semicommunication by Haugen (1966), and later became receptive multilingualism by Braunm&uuml / ller (2002). This research attempts to find out if receptive multilingual communication is possible in Slavonic languages (Polish, Russian and Ukrainian). Besides, it was a great importance to define whether the success of communication is symmetric among the speakers of the mentioned languages. Finally, various cases of problematic understanding were analyzed with the main emphasis on the speakers&rsquo / strategies when they try to overcome reception problems. Methodically, 4 Russian-Ukrainian, 4 Polish-Ukrainian and 4 Polish-Russian conversations were recorded with the use of digital camera. Cases of problematic understanding were defined and transcribed with Exmaralda program, Partitur editor. Number of problematic utterances in relation to total number of utterances in discourse was the measure of communication success in each language constellation. In order to see the overall picture of how receptive multilingualism works in the three languages and in each constellation separately, the statistic research was done with SPSS program. The findings of the research revealed that receptive multilingual communication among Polish, Russian and Ukrainian speakers is generally successful, however, not symmetric with respect to understanding degree in different constellations.

La présente thèse est consacrée à l’étude de la catégorie des noms du genre commun dans deux langues slaves : le russe et l'ukrainien. Les noms de cette catégorie ont deux particularités. Premièrement, la plupart d’entre eux sont expressifs et font partie des axiologiques. Nous montrons que leur expressivité peut dépendre de leur contenu phonétique et morphologique ainsi que des constructions syntaxiques dans lesquelles ces noms sont employés. Deuxièmement, les noms de cette catégorie présentent des particularités morphosyntaxiques : ils peuvent appeler l’accord syntaxique ainsi que l’accord sémantique. Nous montrons que le choix du genre de l’accord non seulement satisfait au besoin de référence, mais a également une fonction pragmatique. / SummaryThe present work deals with the category of common gender in two Slavic languages: Russian and Ukrainian. The nouns of this category have two major peculiarities. Firstly, most of them are expressive and axiological nouns. We reveal that the expressivity of this nouns depends on their phonetical and morphological content and on the type of syntactical constructions in which this nouns occur. Secondly, the nouns of this category present morphosyntactical peculiarities: the agreement with this nouns can be semantical and grammatical. We reveal that the choice of the gender of agreement depends not only on semantic and reference, it has also a pragmatic function.

The subject of this thesis is the "Comparison of the translations of realia in the fictional universe of Harry Potter". The main aim is to divide the realia found in Harry Potter books into thematic categories and thencarry out translation analysis to estimate translation solutions. This analysis is created through the prism of English. This thesis consists of three parts. The first part covers the general concepts of the theory of translation. The second part contains a brief biography of J. K. Rowling, the definition of fantasy, and an overview of the history of the four translations. The third part presents a comparison of the translation from English into two variations of Russian, Czech, and Ukrainian. In the thesis conclusion, we will summarize and estimate which translation solution of the four is more accurate, based on the carried out analysis of the translation examples discussed in part three. Keywords: linguistic, realia, Harry Potter, J. K. Rowling, Slavic languages, Russian, Czech, Ukrainian, translation.

The diploma thesis aims to map the transformation of the image of the Cossacks in the works of key Russian historians of the 19th century and early 20th century. Formulating the topic, the author assumes that the Cossacks played an extremely important role in shaping the concept of Russian history in the 19th century - the era of modern, scientific historical research in the Russian environment. Analysing the Cossack myth, author focuses on the remarkable fact that Russian 19th century and early 20th century historiography with Cossacks its specific leaders (leaders of the Cossack uprisings Kryshtof Kosynsky, Severyn Nalyvaiko, Hetmans Bohdan Khmelnytsky, Ivan Vyhovsky, Petro Doroshenko, Ivan Mazeppa) associates (sometimes quite contradictory) with historical processes and roles (defense of Orthodoxy, driving forces in the formation of the Russian state, an anarchist, dangerous element disrupting state order, personification of desire for free life or opposition to Tsarist autocracy). The greatest attention will be paid to the two hetmans of the Ukrainian Cossacks - Khmelnytsky and Mazeppa. At the end of the thesis, the author defines the models and long-term tendencies of shaping the image of the Cossacks and their historical role with regard to the existence of various historical schools and at...