The thesis belongs to the field of lexical semantics studies, associated with describing the Russian linguistic world-image. The research focuses on the universal situation of purchase and sale as reflected in the Russian lexical standard and sub-standard. The work deals also with subjects related to the sphere of social linguistics: the social stratification of the language, the structure of sub-standard, etc. The thesis is a contribution to the description of the Russian linguistic world-image as well as to the further elaboration of the conceptional analysis method. The results are applicable in teaching Russian as a foreign language, particularly in lexis and Russian culture and mentality studies.

La large utilisation du sleng (сленг) est l’une des évolutions les plus notables du russe contemporain. Son emploi sur Internet est d’autant plus remarquable qu’il permet de traiter de thèmes actuels, qui ne sont pas forcément intégrés dans la langue standard. À ce titre il devient impératif d’étudier le sleng en tant qu’élément constitutif de la langue russe. N’ayant pas de définition claire du sleng, nous analysons ce terme, en mettant en évidence sa place spécifique, notamment, par rapport au žargon, à l’argo et au dialekt. La particularité essentielle du sleng réside dans sa diffusion généralisée à de larges ensembles russophones, indépendamment de leur niveau socio-culturel. L’examen du contexte de l’utilisation du sleng sur Internet, selon la vision de Catherine Kerbrat-Orecchioni du schéma des fonctions de Roman Jakobson, démontre que le locuteur du sleng est un internaute russophone moyen qui en fait un usage quotidien. Enfin, la typologie du sleng selon le schéma des fonctions de Jakobson nous permet de structurer les éléments selon le rôle qu’ils jouent dans la communication en ligne et nous donne une vision globale de la place du sleng sur Internet et dans le russe contemporain en général. Nous constatons que les fonctions référentielle, expressive et poétique témoignent d’un niveau de la richesse du contenu élevé, tandis que d’autres fonctions sont présentées de façon moindre. Ce fait prouve que le sleng s’appuie sur la langue standard et l’enrichit sans vraiment s’y opposer ou chercher de la recréer.La présente thèse a ainsi l’ambition de poser quelques jalons théoriques permettant, par la suite, d’aborder d’autres problématiques liées au sleng russe. / The large usage of sleng (transliteration from сленг) is one of the important characteristics of modern Russian. Its employment is even more evident on the Internet, as it allows to describe the subjects of the modern life that are not covered by the standard language. It is thus essential to study sleng as an important element of Russian language.As the clear definition of sleng does not yet exist, we analyse this term, showing its specific role in comparison to other terms, such as žargon, argo and dialekt. The main particularity of sleng is its general usage by wide ranges of Russian speakers without distinction of their social or cultural level.The study of the context of the sleng usage on the Internet, according to the vision of Catherine Kerbrat-Orecchioni of the Jakobson's functions of language, shows that a sleng speaker is a standard Russian Internet user, who uses sleng on a daily basis.Finally, the typology of sleng based on the Jakobson's functions of language allows us to structure elements following the role they play in Internet communication and offers us the global vision of the place that takes sleng on the Internet and more generally in modern Russian. We establish that referential, emotive and poetic functions are highly represented in sleng, whereas other functions attest just a minimal content volume in sleng. This fact proves that the sleng relies on the standard language and enriches it without opposing to it or trying to recreate it.The goal of the present thesis is to create a theoretical basis that will help future studies of other subjects related to the Russian sleng.

La ricerca offre per la prima volta una disamina ampia, approfondita ed aggiornata degli studi linguistici post-sovietici dedicati alla Russkaja Jazykovaja Kartina Mira; essi dimostrano, attraverso l’analisi semantica delle parole-chiave della lingua russa, l’esistenza di concetti glotto-specifici, e dunque l’esistenza di un quadro del mondo veicolato dalla lingua russa. Nella ricerca viene indagato dapprima il contesto storico-culturale che ha portato al sorgere dell’indirizzo linguistico della RJaKM e viene mostrato il legame esistente tra le ricerche sulla RJaKM e lo sviluppo degli studi di semantica lessicale, nonché l’apporto della linguistica occidentale all’evoluzione della linguistica sovietica. Individuati poi i rappresentanti attualmente più autorevoli degli studi sulla RJaKM - la Scuola di Anna Wierzbicka e la Scuola Semantica di Mosca per la descrizione integrale della lingua e la lessicografia sistemica - si considerano in modo sistematico e comparativo i principi teorici alla base delle rispettive concezioni linguistiche e i metodi di analisi semantica, applicati alla parola russa smirenie, valutandone la loro efficacia. Quindi, si presentano alcune applicazioni della RJaKM e si indicano alcuni strumenti linguistici e lessicografici innovativi, utilizzati o prodotti all’interno di tali studi, particolarmente utili nella didattica della lingua e della linguistica russa. Infine, si offre una valutazione conclusiva del fenomeno studiato, individuando nuove vie di ricerca nell’ambito dell’analisi linguistico-culturale. / This dissertation represents the first extensive and updated research of the post-Soviet linguistic studies dedicated to Russkaja Jazykovaja Kartina Mira. These studies demonstrate the existence of specific language ideas through a semantic analysis of the keywords of the Russian language. As a consequence, these studies also display a perspective on the world vehiculated by the Russian language. The research opens with an investigation of the historical and cultural context that lead to RJaKM’s linguistic disposition and it shows the existing link between analysis on RJaKM and the development of the studies on lexical semantics. It also shows how western linguistics contributed to the evolution of Soviet linguistics. After mentioning the most authoritative and representative experts on RJaKM, such as Anna Wierzkicka’s School and the Moscow Semantic School for the Integrated Description of Language and Systematic Lexicography, this dissertation systematically and comparatively considers the theoretical principles at the base of both schools linguistic ideas and methods of semantic analysis, applying them to the Russian word ‘smirenie,’ and consequently evaluating their effectiveness. As an outcome, this research presents some possible applications of RJaKM and it indicates some innovative linguistic and lexicographic tools which were either employed or even produced at the bosom of RJaKM studies and are especially useful for the teaching of the Russian language and linguistics. In conclusion, this dissertation offers a final evaluation of the studied phenomena, defining new research paths in the fields of linguistics and cultural analysis.