The development of a functional vascular system is impinged upon the restructuring of a primitive vasculature into a more complex and mature vessel network via a process known as angiogenesis. Of particular importance to this vascular remodeling process is the function of the Tek/Tie-2 receptor tyrosine kinase. Mouse gene-targeting studies have shown that Tie-2 deficient embryos succumb to embryonic death at embryonic day 9.5 due to insufficient sprouting and remodeling of the primary capillary plexus. Over the years, the functions and the signaling pathways downstream of Tie-2 receptor have been elucidated; however, the repertoire of genes controlled by Tie-2 signaling leading to angiogenesis had not been studied. To identify the underlying genetic mechanisms, transcriptomes from Tie-2 wild-type (WT) and knockout (KO) embryonic day 8.5 yolk sac tissues were quantitatively analyzed using a gene expression profiling technique called Serial Analysis of Gene Expression (SAGE). Tie-2 WT and KO SAGE libraries were constructed, sequenced and compared to identify genes that were differentially expressed. A list of candidate genes was selected for further validation using semi-quantitative PCR that included 4933402E13Rik, a novel transcript encoding a protein product containing the melanoma-associated antigen (MAGE) domain. Initial characterization of 4933402E13Rik suggested a murine-specific expression profile restricted to the yolk sac, embryo, placenta, testis, endothelial and embryonic stem cells. The expression of 4933402E13Rik in mouse endothelial cells was found to be regulated by Tie-2 signaling since down-regulation of Tie-2 level via siRNA knockdown resulted in decreased 4933402E13Rik mRNA expression. In contrast, stimulation of Tie-2 in mouse endothelial cells using its ligand, Angiopoietin-1, increased 4933402E13Rik mRNA levels. Additionally, 4933402E13Rik expression was found to be modulated through epigenetics especially by histone deacetylation. Mouse endothelial cells treated with Trichostatin A, a potent inhibitor of histone deacetylase, led to an increase in the expression of 4933402E13Rik. Taken together, the results of this study shed new insight on the repertoire of genes implicated in Tie-2 signaling. The identification of 4933402E13Rik as a novel gene modulated by Tie-2 provides a new avenue of research on Tie-2 signaling that may contribute further to our understanding of vascular development.

For the last few years, the financial imbalance and the environmental deterioration are gradually serious in the various level of government. The formulating process of environmental and financial policies usually neglects the viewpoints of the interested stakeholders so that the insufficient policy information causes the policy deviation and even further leads to the gaps between the policy performance and the expected target. Additionally the ¡§green tax reform¡¨ has become the trend worldwide. In the past few years, various countries gradually switch from administrative control to tax measures to facilitate the environmental protection. Through economic incentives and market mechanism, it will more effectively achieve the goal of industrial greening and will produce the double dividend in the improvement of environmental quality and the distortion alleviation of tax system. The research studies the contents of the environment related tax (fee) system and the green tax reform or the green reform experiences in the European countries and the States, meanwhile the research takes Kaohsiung city as empirical case. Besides the research applies the social judgment theory (SJT), SAGE and one-way analysis of variance to separately evaluate the acceptability of current implemented improvement plan for the income application mechanism of air pollution control fee and to study the viewpoints on special tax and temporary tax imposed by Kaohsiung city. The results of empirical study find out the tested interested stakeholders or groups prefer the income application mechanism of air pollution control fee to be changed toward the mechanism of complete gaining and expenditure. There are no significant gaps in the recognition consistence of the related interested stakeholders. In addition, no significant gaps are occurred in the judging similarity value or judging principle similarity value among interested stakeholders. In the meantime the tested interested stakeholders also support the Kaohsiung city government imposes the special tax and temporary tax in the future. The results and suggestions indicate the tax could be levied including special petroleum refining tax, special steel refining tax, special noise pollution tax in the civil airport, special road maintenance tax of incoming and outgoing container cars in the harbor, resident income special tax, temporary vendors management tax in the evening retail market, temporary tax of construction produced soil and temporary tax of residential and land renewal and development. There are no significant gaps existed in the opinions of tested interested stakeholders on special tax levy. However the gaps are occurred in the opinions of temporary tax levy, it may be because of tax object and levied procedure or being limited by tested samples so that different age groups or occupation or resided administrative district produce different results. Additionally the research suggests to increase the business tax rate, to conduct the complete reform of financial income and expenditure, to revise the commodity tax statutes, Air Pollution Control Act, Statutes for Upgrading Industries and local tax and duty regulations, to enhance the environmental effect of consumption tax including the business tax and commodity tax with hope of establishing the sound environmental financial system, environmental order and financial discipline. Since the research is restricted by time factor and the sample is not easily controlled, the research doesn¡¦t conduct the further in-depth study in the parts of recognition feedback effect and the comparison or integration of information integration theory. However these parts can be used as the directions of subsequent studies.

Mémoire de Sage-femme : Médecine : Nantes : 2007. / Bibliogr.

Reproduction de : Mémoire de Sage-femme : Médecine : Nantes : 2008. / Bibliogr.

Thesis (MS)--University of Montana, 2010. / Contents viewed on February 8, 2010. Title from author supplied metadata. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Nevada, Reno, 2007. / "December, 2007." Includes bibliographical references. Online version available on the World Wide Web.

Zugl.: Bayreuth, Univ., Diss., 2006

Thèse--Lettres--Nancy II, 1976. / Bibliogr. p. 1315-1371. Index.

Universiẗat, Diss., 2003--Würzburg.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-12T18:01:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 arquivo3041_1.pdf: 4993752 bytes, checksum: bdcdb8274aa595e73c271ff840fec84d (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Faculdade de Amparo à Ciência e Tecnologia do Estado de Pernambuco / O cultivo de cana-de-açúcar (Saccharum spp.) é de grande importância econômica para o Brasil pela produção de açúcar e etanol, sendo o déficit hídrico um dos principais fatores limitantes do crescimento e produtividade desta cultura. A crescente demanda por biocombustíveis tem exigido o desenvolvimento de variedades de cana-de-açúcar geneticamente melhoradas e mais eficientes no uso da água. A partir de dados SAGE de cana-de-açúcar previamente anotados, oriundos de bibliotecas de amostras de colmo de plantas cultivadas em campo, e contrastantes para época chuvosa ou seca, foram identificados in silico transcritos potencialmente associados a respostas ao estresse hídrico. Destes, vinte e um genes (incluídos três genes de referência) foram selecionados para análise de expressão gênica e validação via transcrição reversa seguida de PCR em temporeal (RT-qPCR) utilizando duas variedades de cana-de-açúcar contrastantes à resposta ao estresse hídrico, RB92579 (tolerante) e RB72454 (sensível). Os experimentos foram conduzidos em casa de vegetação sob dois tratamentos hídricos diferentes (seco e irrigado). Para cada gene, três réplicas biológicas foram executadas, sendo cada RT-qPCR realizada em triplicata. A especificidade e ausência de contaminação foram avaliadas pela curva de dissociação das PCRs e controles negativos, respectivamente. Para a normalização e processamento dos dados de RT-qPCR, foram utilizados três genes de referência sendo estes analisados quanto a estabilidade utilizando o software geNorm. Da coleção de 46.536 tags distintas analisadas em SAGE, 45,0% mostraram-se inibidas pela seca, 6,3% induzidos pela seca, e 48,7% não apresentaram variação de ratio significativa (0,5 < ratio < 2,0). Dos 21 transcritos selecionados para validação experimental como potencialmente responsivos ao estresse hídrico somente 15 e 12 genes foram monitorados via RT-qPCR em folha e raiz respectivamente. Essas análises resultaram que 2/3 dos genes estudados (Dhyn_98, ERD4, Sip, Dgt, MARK, Pox, Hd-zip, Hsp70, PPlase e DnaK) foram diferencialmente expressos sob seca (p<0,05), sendo que 40% e 33,3% deles apresentaram, nas variedades tolerante e sensível, respectivamente, a mesma tendência de expressão que aquela já descrita via SAGE para a espécie. Além disso, em função dos resultados de RT-qPCR, dois genes mais associados com a resposta de tolerância à seca foram selecionados para futura determinação de suas sequências nucleotídicas completas e construções gênicas. Os genes identificados para tolerância a seca poderão ser utilizados não só nos programas de melhoramento das principais culturas de importância econômica, mas também poderão ajudar a entender as redes gênicas envolvidas na tolerância das plantas ao estresse hídrico