The traditional view of systems memory consolidation is that it is a gradual process that takes place over days or weeks. Within this approach, the hippocampus (HPC) is thought to be involved in the rapid encoding of specific events, whilst neocortex is thought to be involved in slow learning. An idea posited recently is that systems consolidation can occur rapidly if an appropriate “schema” into which the new information can be incorporated has been previously created. Using a hippocampaldependent paradigm, rats were trained to learn a schema involving 6 flavour-place paired-associates (PAs). Once the schema was acquired, relevant new information then became assimilated into extra-hippocampal regions and rapidly became hippocampal-independent. Building upon this foundation and the PAs schema paradigm, this thesis has explored several aspects of the neurobiology of schemas in animals. The first part of the thesis examined the importance of a relevant schema in new information processing. Rats were trained in both a consistent and inconsistent schema. In the consistent schema, rats could learn new PAs in a single trial; however, in the inconsistent schema, rats failed to learn the new PAs as they had not established an appropriate schema that could facilitate rapid learning. The second part of the thesis investigated the role of hippocampal NMDA receptors and dopamine receptors during encoding of new PAs. Bilateral hippocampal infusion of either the NMDA receptor antagonist D-AP5 or the D1/D5 dopamine receptor antagonist SCH23390 before encoding of new PAs resulted in impaired memory tested at 24 hr. This result suggests that the encoding of new PAs is dependent upon NMDA receptors in the HPC and also that dopamine is involved in the modulation of encoding new PAs. The final chapters of the thesis attempted to identify the extrahippocampal regions in which these new PAs are integrated with the schema during encoding. To identify the regions that may be involved, immediate early genes (Zif268 and Arc) were used. In a group of cortical structures, including the prelimbic cortex, there was significantly higher Zif268 and Arc expression when encoding 2 new PAs compared to the reactivation of previously learned (original) PAs or the encoding of 6 new PAs. These findings indicate that the prelimbic cortex may be critical for rapid assimilation of new information into a pre-existing schema. Finally, the last experiment in the thesis investigated this finding using bilateral microinfusions of either the AMPA receptor antagonist CNQX or the NMDA receptor antagonist D-AP5 into the prelimbic cortex. Infusions of CNQX and D-AP5 resulted in poor learning of the new PAs in the schema task. This indicates that parallel encoding of new PAs occurred in the prelimbic cortex and the HPC. The experimental results presented in this thesis suggest that the prelimbic cortex, in particular, plays a crucial role along with the HPC during encoding of new information in rapid memory formation.

The aim of the thesis is to develop a technique for collaborative creation of mappings of two XML schemas. More precisely, it will support a concurrent participation of several users at the same mapping via the Web. The method will be based on current XML schema mapping techniques but will extend them with the support for collaboration. The developed technique will be implemented in a user-friendly web application. The tool will support concurrent change operations invoked by the collaborating users, their merging and/or prioritization. Moreover, it will also keep previous versions of the mapping so it will be possible to return to an arbitrary previous version.

Title: Tool for Collaborative XML Schema Integration Author: Jiří Meluzín Department: Department of Software Engineering Supervisor: Martin Nečaský, Ph.D. Abstract: The aim of the thesis is to develop a technique for collaborative creation of mappings of two XML schemas. More precisely, it will support a concurrent participation of several users at the same mapping via the Web. The method will be based on current XML schema mapping techniques but will extend them with the support for collaboration. The developed technique will be implemented in a user-friendly web application. The tool will support concurrent change operations invoked by the collaborating users, their merging and/or prioritization. Moreover, it will also keep previous versions of the mapping so it will be possible to return to an arbitrary previous version. The thesis will analyze current methods for XML schema integration and collaborative schema editing and integration. The tool will be implemented on the base of Google Wave and GWT framework. Keywords: XML Schema, integration, collaboration

No description available.

This study tested the mechanism of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) in representing schemata, be it excitatory or inhibitory. Participants were administered a behavioural task distinguishing their ability to activate a relevant schema from their ability to inhibit an irrelevant schema. Healthy participants were highly accurate throughout the task, indicating proficiency in both abilities. However, older adults demonstrated a need for greater cognitive resources to inhibit a previously relevant schema. Non-confabulating patients with vmPFC lesions acted similarly to control participants, while patients with vmPFC lesions with either current or prior demonstration of confabulation performed abnormally. Specifically, their inability to inhibit irrelevant schemata was more severe than their inability to activate a relevant one. The results suggest that the nature of vmPFC damage leading to confabulation may also be responsible for erroneous schema representations. A sub-region of the vmPFC is proposed to underlie the representation of schemata through semantic lateral inhibition.

This study tested the mechanism of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) in representing schemata, be it excitatory or inhibitory. Participants were administered a behavioural task distinguishing their ability to activate a relevant schema from their ability to inhibit an irrelevant schema. Healthy participants were highly accurate throughout the task, indicating proficiency in both abilities. However, older adults demonstrated a need for greater cognitive resources to inhibit a previously relevant schema. Non-confabulating patients with vmPFC lesions acted similarly to control participants, while patients with vmPFC lesions with either current or prior demonstration of confabulation performed abnormally. Specifically, their inability to inhibit irrelevant schemata was more severe than their inability to activate a relevant one. The results suggest that the nature of vmPFC damage leading to confabulation may also be responsible for erroneous schema representations. A sub-region of the vmPFC is proposed to underlie the representation of schemata through semantic lateral inhibition.

Abstract: This thesis studied the ideas and situations of living room decorations of Taiwanese families and their choices of the furniture for them. Specicially, the present study analyzed in detail Taiwanese families¡¦ aesthetic prefereence of color and material for their furniture combination for living room decorations, based on the theroy of consumption schema. The valid sample included 333 Taiwaness families from three metropolitant cities of the island. The data were examined thoroughly by statistical methods such as Factor Analysis, Cluster Analysis, ANOVA and Cross-Table Analysis. The main findings are summarized in the following: 1. Eight systems of decorating living room are identified and depicted, namely ¡V separation, space, light, furniture, decoration, electric appliances, entertainment and education, and religion and feng-shui systems. 2. The three top preference of color for living furniture for Taiwanese families are wood, brown, and black, whereas leather sofas are most popular. Materials for the end-tables, bookcases and cabinets best liken are wood. 3. Four factors has been recoginzied in the lifestyle of Taiwanese families: social status, social relation, leisure time, and indivisual taste of living. Based on theses factors, three types of family lifestyle of Taiwanese were found, namely: Happy Nests, Status-Caring, and Gentry. 4. Regarding the consumption schema hypothesis testing, some the color harmony interrelationship between furniture items are supported. However, for dthe material aspect, no harmonious interrelationship between the items, excpet for one for the group of Gentry.

Entrepreneur plays an important role in the success of start-up companies. According to the past research, the successful rate of entrepreneurial team is much higher than individual. Therefore, ¡§entrepreneurial team¡¨ becomes a significant topic in entrepreneurial research. However, scholars pay more attention on ¡§the complement of competence and resource between members of entrepreneurial team¡¨ rather than ¡§the different schema between entrepreneur and entrepreneurial partner.¡¨ In order to find out the schema difference, this research uses case study of qualitative research method, conducting in-depth interview towards 5 entrepreneurs and 12 entrepreneurial partners. After data coding and persistent thinking, we find 3 main schema differences between entrepreneur and entrepreneurial partner from the perspective of fitness landscape. They are differences in ¡§sight,¡¨ ¡§step¡¨ and ¡§principle.¡¨ For ¡§sight,¡¨ the environment evaluation of entrepreneur is relatively ¡§comprehensive,¡¨ ¡§long-tem¡¨ and ¡§sharp,¡¨ while it of entrepreneurial partner is ¡§partial,¡¨ ¡§short-term¡¨ and ¡§dull.¡¨ For ¡§step,¡¨ entrepreneur¡¦s manner of achieving goal is relatively ¡§risky¡¨ and ¡§hard-working,¡¨ while entrepreneurial partner¡¦s is ¡§conservative¡¨ and ¡§easy.¡¨ For ¡§principle,¡¨ entrepreneur¡¦s rationale of decision making is relatively ¡§finance-oriented,¡¨ while entrepreneurial partner¡¦s is ¡§technology-oriented.¡¨ Besides, the schema differences between entrepreneur and entrepreneurial partner will interact with each other, resulting in further schema change. Besides age and experience, the main factor leads to the schema differences between entrepreneur and entrepreneurial partner is the different ¡§structure¡¨ that entrepreneur and entrepreneurial partner are situated. This research points out the schema differences between entrepreneur and entrepreneurial partner. In practice, this research helps entrepreneur cultivate a better understanding in entrepreneur partner¡¦s schema to facilitate the cooperation and coordination between them. In management education, this research emphasizes the importance of schema cultivation beside technical training.

No description available.

Informationen haben oft verschiedene Quellen und Formate, ungeachtet ihres Inhaltes. Eine Vereinheitlichung der Strukturen dieser Daten zur Überführung in Datenbanken zum Zwecke der Speicherung und Auswertung ist dann nicht ohne Weiteres möglich. Auch digitalisierte Textinformationen können in unterschiedlichen Formaten vorliegen. Für eine Datenintegration, insbesondere die Überführung von XML-Inhalten in ein bestehendes Datenbankschema, soll ein Schema-Mapping durchgeführt werden. Verschiedene Verfahren werden implementiert und ihre Funktionsweise auf Brauchbarkeit bei unterschiedlichen Input-Formaten und -Kombinationen untersucht.