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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Strategic Concessions: Negotiating Human Land Use to Serve the Habitat Needs of the Eastern Meadowlark

Hagstrom, Richard Evan 24 January 2018 (has links)
Our civilization is facing increased populations and scarcity of habitat for a variety of species. Encroaching on these landscapes while engaging in habitat fragmentation and destruction, has negatively impacted biodiversity and subsequently put thousands of species at risk of going extinct. With humans causing peril for various species via habitat losses and degradation due to our developing of landscapes, as Landscape Architects, we have a responsibility to minimize, negate, or rectify these losses and while still providing serviceable landscapes for our fellow humans. One possible avenue to pursue when motives for the well being of the collective are being considered is designing landscapes that serve both human and species in unison, with services being provided for humans and satisfying the needs of wildlife. This project is based on a desire to accommodate the needs of a growing community by providing a stormwater retainment system serving as a pedestrian artery to a historic river, while also accommodating the needs of wildlife by establishing a constructed meadow that satisfies habitat requirements for the Eastern Meadowlark. Through analysis of storm water volumes, building code setbacks regarding waterways, habitat requirements of the Eastern Meadowlark and land volume manipulation, a solution to many obstacles facing community and species has been posited in this project: the Dianna Dayle River Walk. / Master of Landscape Architecture / Our civilization is facing increased populations and scarcity of habitat for a variety of species. Encroaching on these landscapes while engaging in habitat fragmentation and destruction, has negatively impacted biodiversity and subsequently put thousands of species at risk of going extinct. With humans causing peril for various species via habitat losses and degradation due to our developing of landscapes, as Landscape Architects, we have a responsibility to minimize, negate, or rectify these losses and while still providing serviceable landscapes for our fellow humans. One possible avenue to pursue when motives for the well being of the collective are being considered is designing landscapes that serve both human and species in unison, with services being provided for humans and satisfying the needs of wildlife. This project is based on a desire to accommodate the needs of a growing community by providing a stormwater retainment system serving as a pedestrian artery to a historic river, while also accommodating the needs of wildlife by establishing a constructed meadow that satisfies habitat requirements for the Eastern Meadowlark. Through analysis of stormwater volumes, building code setbacks regarding waterways, habitat requirements of the Eastern Meadowlark and land volume manipulation, a solution to many obstacles facing community and species has been posited in this project: the Dianna Dayle River Walk.
2

Estudo sobre a sensibilidade dos parâmetros do método SCS na determinação de hidrogramas de cheia em bacias urbanas / Study on the SCS method parameter sensitivity in determination of flood hydrographs in urban basin

Paulino, Paloma Fernandes 30 September 2014 (has links)
Para simular o comportamento da bacia hidrográfica diante de eventos chuvosos e, a partir da quantificação das vazões de cheias, encontrar soluções para os problemas causados pelas enchentes, é essencial a utilização de modelos de transformação chuva-vazão. Há diferentes métodos para o cálculo do deflúvio superficial ou precipitação excedente para uma dada bacia hidrográfica. Entre estes, um dos mais utilizados pela comunidade técnica é o método desenvolvido pelo Departamento de Conservação do Solo norte-americano: SCS (Soil Conservation Service, atual National Resources Conservation Service), aplicável principalmente quando não se dispõe de séries históricas de dados hidrológicos. A utilização deste método depende da seleção do parâmetro CN (Curve Number), que por sua vez requer o conhecimento das características da bacia hidrográfica em estudo, como: tipos de solo, cobertura vegetal, uso da terra, teor de umidade do solo anterior à chuva. A partir da precipitação excedente total do evento chuvoso, para se construir um hidrograma de cheia, é necessário distribuir a chuva ao longo do tempo, ou seja, construir o hietograma da precipitação excedente. O SCS também propõe um método baseado no hidrograma unitário triangular sintético para gerar o hidrograma de cheia a partir de um certo hietograma. O parâmetro básico para se obter esse hidrograma sintético é o tempo de concentração da bacia hidrográfica (tc). Para a determinação deste parâmetro existem diversas fórmulas empíricas baseadas nas características físicas da bacia hidrográfica, uma vez que a sua determinação numa bacia sem dados hidrométricos torna-se impossível. Deste modo, para uma estimativa coerente do tc, é necessário avaliar para cada caso a ser estudado a fórmula mais adequada e os dados disponíveis. Neste sentido, o presente estudo tem como objetivo analisar a sensibilidade do método SCS em relação à classificação do uso e ocupação do solo e ao tempo de concentração, a partir de aplicação deste para a bacia do córrego do Mineirinho situada em São Carlos, SP. A análise da sensibilidade em relação ao CN foi realizada através da comparação dos resultados produzidos utilizando-se mapas de classificação dos usos do solo, produzidos a partir de imagens de satélite de alta resolução, as quais não são disponibilizadas gratuitamente, e imagens gratuitas de baixa resolução. Em relação ao tempo de concentração, foram analisadas e comparadas as diversas fórmulas disponíveis para sua determinação para uma bacia urbana. Outro aspecto estudado foi a distribuição temporal da chuva crítica. Existem diversos métodos indicados na literatura, como o dos blocos alternados, Huff e Bureau of Reclamation. Analisou-se o efeito que cada método produz nos hidrogramas de cheia resultantes. O método SCS apresenta-se bastante sensível em relação aos três parâmetros analisados. As diferenças entre os valores de CN, obtidos a partir das imagens de alta e baixa resolução, foram as que resultaram em maiores diferenças nas vazões de pico. A imagem de baixa resolução tende a subestimar as vazões de pico. Os métodos de distribuição temporal da chuva como Blocos Alternados e Huff 2°. Quartil, apesar serem métodos diferentes, produziram resultados semelhantes. / To simulate the behavior of the basin before rain events and, from the quantification of flow of floods, find solutions to the problems caused by flooding, it is essential the use of models of processing rain-flow. There are different methods for calculating the surface runoff or excess rainfall for a given basin. Among these, one of the most used by technical community is the method developed by the Department of Soil Conservation American: SCS (Soil Conservation Service, current National Resources Conservation Service), mainly applicable when there is no historical series of data hydrological. The use of this method is dependent on the selection of the parameter CN (Curve Number), which in turn requires the knowledge of the characteristics of the basin under study, such as: soil types, vegetation cover, land use, soil moisture content prior to the rain. From the total surplus precipitation of rain event, in order to build a hydrograph, it is necessary to distribute the rain over time, i.e. build the hyetogram of excess rainfall. The SCS also proposes a method based on unit hydrograph triangular synthetic. The basic parameter to obtain this synthetic hydrograph is the time of concentration of the basin (tc). For the determination of this parameter there are several empirical formulas based on the physical characteristics of the basin, since its determination in a basin without hydrometrical data becomes impossible. Thus, for a consistent estimate of tc, it is necessary to evaluate the most suitable formula and the data available for each case to be considered. In this sense, the aim of the present study is to analyze the sensitivity of the SCS method in relation to the classification of the use and occupation of the soil and the time of concentration, from application of this model to the basin of the Mineirinho located in São Carlos, SP. The sensitivity analysis in relation to the CN was performed through the comparison of the results produced using maps of classification of soil uses, produced from high-resolution satellite images, which are not made available for free, and free images of low resolution. In relation to the time of concentration, the various formulas available were analyzed and compared for its determination to an urban basin. Another aspect studied, was the temporal distribution of critical rainfall. There are several methods given in the literature, such as the Alternating Block, Huff and Bureau of Reclamation. This study aimed to analyze the effect each method produces in the resulting flood hydrographs. The SCS method is quite sensitive in relation to the three parameters analyzed. The differences between the values of CN, obtained from the images of high and low resolution, were the ones that resulted in greater differences in flow of peak. The low resolution image tends to underestimate the flow of peak. The methods of temporal distribution of rainfall as Alternating Block and Huff 2°. Quartil, despite being different methods, produced similar results.
3

Operation Of The Water Control Structures

Bozkurt, Okan Cagri 01 January 2013 (has links) (PDF)
Floods are one of the most important natural disasters regarding damages caused by them. Major reasons of huge damages of floods are unplanned urbanization, narrowing of river beds and incorrect operation of water control structures. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) can provide important tools to be used in flood modeling studies. In this study, Lake Mogan, Lake Eymir and Incesu Detention Pond subbasins are studied for flooding events within GIS framework. These subbasins are important catchment areas of city of Ankara with total drainage area of 1070 km2. Soil Conservation Service (SCS) method is used to obtain flood hydrographs for 12 hour duration and 50, 100 and 500 year return periods. Flood routing procedure is applied to obtain discharges at the outlet of the Mogan and Eymir Lakes and Incesu Detention Pond. Operation performance of water control structures are tried to be estimated by using hydrographs which are obtained for different scenarios. Results show that elements of Lake Mogan Water Control Structure do not have capability to discharge 500 year storm safely to the downstream of the lake. However, 100 year storm can be routed without creating problem if necessary small precautions are taken. On the other hand, water control elements of Lake Eymir and Incesu Detention Pond can transmit obtained flood volumes to the downstream parts by assuming that closed conduit at the exit of Incesu Detention Pond can safely convey resultant flood discharges.
4

Estudo sobre a sensibilidade dos parâmetros do método SCS na determinação de hidrogramas de cheia em bacias urbanas / Study on the SCS method parameter sensitivity in determination of flood hydrographs in urban basin

Paloma Fernandes Paulino 30 September 2014 (has links)
Para simular o comportamento da bacia hidrográfica diante de eventos chuvosos e, a partir da quantificação das vazões de cheias, encontrar soluções para os problemas causados pelas enchentes, é essencial a utilização de modelos de transformação chuva-vazão. Há diferentes métodos para o cálculo do deflúvio superficial ou precipitação excedente para uma dada bacia hidrográfica. Entre estes, um dos mais utilizados pela comunidade técnica é o método desenvolvido pelo Departamento de Conservação do Solo norte-americano: SCS (Soil Conservation Service, atual National Resources Conservation Service), aplicável principalmente quando não se dispõe de séries históricas de dados hidrológicos. A utilização deste método depende da seleção do parâmetro CN (Curve Number), que por sua vez requer o conhecimento das características da bacia hidrográfica em estudo, como: tipos de solo, cobertura vegetal, uso da terra, teor de umidade do solo anterior à chuva. A partir da precipitação excedente total do evento chuvoso, para se construir um hidrograma de cheia, é necessário distribuir a chuva ao longo do tempo, ou seja, construir o hietograma da precipitação excedente. O SCS também propõe um método baseado no hidrograma unitário triangular sintético para gerar o hidrograma de cheia a partir de um certo hietograma. O parâmetro básico para se obter esse hidrograma sintético é o tempo de concentração da bacia hidrográfica (tc). Para a determinação deste parâmetro existem diversas fórmulas empíricas baseadas nas características físicas da bacia hidrográfica, uma vez que a sua determinação numa bacia sem dados hidrométricos torna-se impossível. Deste modo, para uma estimativa coerente do tc, é necessário avaliar para cada caso a ser estudado a fórmula mais adequada e os dados disponíveis. Neste sentido, o presente estudo tem como objetivo analisar a sensibilidade do método SCS em relação à classificação do uso e ocupação do solo e ao tempo de concentração, a partir de aplicação deste para a bacia do córrego do Mineirinho situada em São Carlos, SP. A análise da sensibilidade em relação ao CN foi realizada através da comparação dos resultados produzidos utilizando-se mapas de classificação dos usos do solo, produzidos a partir de imagens de satélite de alta resolução, as quais não são disponibilizadas gratuitamente, e imagens gratuitas de baixa resolução. Em relação ao tempo de concentração, foram analisadas e comparadas as diversas fórmulas disponíveis para sua determinação para uma bacia urbana. Outro aspecto estudado foi a distribuição temporal da chuva crítica. Existem diversos métodos indicados na literatura, como o dos blocos alternados, Huff e Bureau of Reclamation. Analisou-se o efeito que cada método produz nos hidrogramas de cheia resultantes. O método SCS apresenta-se bastante sensível em relação aos três parâmetros analisados. As diferenças entre os valores de CN, obtidos a partir das imagens de alta e baixa resolução, foram as que resultaram em maiores diferenças nas vazões de pico. A imagem de baixa resolução tende a subestimar as vazões de pico. Os métodos de distribuição temporal da chuva como Blocos Alternados e Huff 2°. Quartil, apesar serem métodos diferentes, produziram resultados semelhantes. / To simulate the behavior of the basin before rain events and, from the quantification of flow of floods, find solutions to the problems caused by flooding, it is essential the use of models of processing rain-flow. There are different methods for calculating the surface runoff or excess rainfall for a given basin. Among these, one of the most used by technical community is the method developed by the Department of Soil Conservation American: SCS (Soil Conservation Service, current National Resources Conservation Service), mainly applicable when there is no historical series of data hydrological. The use of this method is dependent on the selection of the parameter CN (Curve Number), which in turn requires the knowledge of the characteristics of the basin under study, such as: soil types, vegetation cover, land use, soil moisture content prior to the rain. From the total surplus precipitation of rain event, in order to build a hydrograph, it is necessary to distribute the rain over time, i.e. build the hyetogram of excess rainfall. The SCS also proposes a method based on unit hydrograph triangular synthetic. The basic parameter to obtain this synthetic hydrograph is the time of concentration of the basin (tc). For the determination of this parameter there are several empirical formulas based on the physical characteristics of the basin, since its determination in a basin without hydrometrical data becomes impossible. Thus, for a consistent estimate of tc, it is necessary to evaluate the most suitable formula and the data available for each case to be considered. In this sense, the aim of the present study is to analyze the sensitivity of the SCS method in relation to the classification of the use and occupation of the soil and the time of concentration, from application of this model to the basin of the Mineirinho located in São Carlos, SP. The sensitivity analysis in relation to the CN was performed through the comparison of the results produced using maps of classification of soil uses, produced from high-resolution satellite images, which are not made available for free, and free images of low resolution. In relation to the time of concentration, the various formulas available were analyzed and compared for its determination to an urban basin. Another aspect studied, was the temporal distribution of critical rainfall. There are several methods given in the literature, such as the Alternating Block, Huff and Bureau of Reclamation. This study aimed to analyze the effect each method produces in the resulting flood hydrographs. The SCS method is quite sensitive in relation to the three parameters analyzed. The differences between the values of CN, obtained from the images of high and low resolution, were the ones that resulted in greater differences in flow of peak. The low resolution image tends to underestimate the flow of peak. The methods of temporal distribution of rainfall as Alternating Block and Huff 2°. Quartil, despite being different methods, produced similar results.

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