Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1995. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 138-148). / Microfiche. / xiii, 148 leaves, bound ill., maps 29 cm

Photocopy of typescript. / Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1978. / Bibliography: leaves 219-235. / Microfiche. / xiii, 311 leaves ill., maps

Photocopy of typescript. / Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1979. / Bibliography: leaves 186-200. / Microfiche. / xi, 256 leaves ill., map 29 cm

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1994. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 161-169). / Microfiche. / xii, 169 leaves, bound ill., maps 29 cm

Typescript. / Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1974. / Bibliography: leaves 155-164. / viii, 164 leaves ill., map

Typescript. / Bibliography: leaves 163-174. / xiv, 174 l illus., maps, graphs, tables

<p>This study described porosity and permeability distribution in the deep marine play of the central Bredasdorp Basin, Block 9, offshore South Africa using methods that include thin section petrography, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy, in order to characterize their porosity and permeability distributions, cementation and clay types that affect the porosity and permeability distribution. The study included core samples from nine wells taken from selected depths within the Basin.</p>

Accurate quantification of phosphorus (P) fractions in manures and agricultural runoff is vital to understanding P dynamics in the environment. Phytate is an organic form of P, with 6 phosphate groups, which is found in manures, but is difficult to quantify due to its affinity for complex formation with aluminum (Al) and iron (Fe). The objective of the first study was to measure if high concentrations of aluminum (Al) and iron (Fe) hinder accurate quantification of phytate in dairy manure and broiler litter when measured by high performance ion chromatography (HPIC). In this study dairy manure and broiler litter samples were spiked with Al, Fe, and phytate. Samples were alkaline extracted, acidified,cleaned up and filtered, and then phytate was analyzed with HPIC. High concentrations of Fe did not hinder phytate recovery in manure or litter samples. While phytate recovery was close to 100% at typical manure and litter Al concentrations, high concentrations of Al inhibited phytate recovery in litter samples and in some manure samples. Overall, alkaline extraction of dairy manure and broiler litter and analysis with HPIC proved to be a relatively accurate, fast and cheap within normal Al and Fe ranges, compared to the commonly used NMR method. The developed method was then used to measure the concentration of phytate P (Pp) rather than the entire phytate molecule (6 moles Pp per mole phytate) in runoff waters and in an adsorption study. Phytate P has not been previously measured in runoff, due to the low concentrations of Pp found in runoff and the complexity Pp extraction from runoff. Runoff treatments were dairy manure with and without added Pp (DM, DM+Pp), broiler litter with and without added Pp (BL, BL+Pp), and control, with and without two levels of Pp (control, control Pp low, control Pp high). Runoff was collected under simulated rainfall and analyzed for total and dissolved reactive P (DRP). Runoff was also separated into sediment (>0.45"m) and liquid (<0.45"m and lyophilized) fractions for Pp analysis by high performance ion chromatography (HPIC). The new method for Pp analysis recovered 70% of Pp spiked into runoff samples. Phytate P was found only on the sediment fraction of runoff and was not detected in the liquid fraction, even when it was lyophilized and extracted. This agreed with the adsorption study, which showed strong adsorption of Pp. Phytate P loss from control Pp high was significantly greater than Pp loss from control. �When control Pp high was removed from analysis, Pp loss from BL, BL+Pp, DM, and DM+Pp was significantly greater than from control. Phytate P in the manures appeared to behave differently than pure Pp salts, likely to do the formation of protein-phytate and cation-phytate complexes in the manures. Phytate P had no effect on DRP in runoff for any treatment, indicating no significant release of inorganic P through competitive binding. The majority of P lost in runoff was in fractions other than DRP and Pp in the sediment fraction. Efforts to control the erosive loss of soil during rainfall events appear to be the best way to reduce total P loss, irrespective of the presence of Pp. / Master of Science

Copies of authors previously published articles inserted. / Bibliography: leaves 182-213. / xxi, 213, [55] leaves, [23] leaves of plates : ill. (chiefly col.), maps ; 30 cm. / Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Geology and Geophysics, 1998?

The New River Estuary is a large mesotidal estuary connected to Foveaux Strait by way of an inlet, and has two principle rivers (the Oreti and the Waihopai) flowing into it. The purposes of this study have been to describe the sediment distribution within the estuary; investigate the sediment source-sink relationships.; to calculate whether on a net basis sediment is being deposited in or eroded from the New River Estuary, and to investigate some of the influences on the sediment dynamics of this estuary. Textural analysis of the sediment indicated that there are three sedimentary environments within the estuary, and each is distinguishable due to the relative mix of fine sand. It was shown that Foveaux Strait is a dominant source of medium-fine sand. The Oreti River and the channels of the main estuary body are also important sources of these sediments. Medium-fine sand is transferred into the estuary and very fine sand is transferred out of the estuary and onto the continental shelf. Aerial photographs indicated that estuarine morphology was stable over a 31 year period (from 1947 to 1978). However a network of scour rods indicated that the intertidal sediment surface was spatially and temporally dynamic. It was calculated that on a net basis sediment was deposited in the estuary over a five month period. An important influence on the sedimentation of the New River Estuary has been the reduction of the tidal com partment by 25%, due to the reclamation of 12.2 km2.