Thesis (Ph. D.)--Oregon State University, 1991. / Typescript (photocopy). Includes bibliographical references (leaves 165-185). Also available on the World Wide Web.

Thesis (M.S.)--Oregon State University, 1991. / Typescript (photocopy). Includes bibliographical references (leaves 89-93). Also available on the World Wide Web.

Thesis--Oregon State University. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 126-131). Also available on the World Wide Web.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1971. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 74-75).

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1968. / eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis--Wisconsin. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 54-61).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1983. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 98-101).

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) molecular chaperone, BiP, plays a role in the translocation and subsequent folding and assembly of newly synthesized proteins targeted to the ER and secretory pathway. The sequence encoding a Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii [Mirb] Franco) BiP homologue (PmBiP) was identified by differential screening of a seedling cDNA library. Southern blotting indicated that PmBiP is most likely present as a single copy although other BiP alleles likely exist within a given seedlot. The deduced amino acid sequence of PmBiP contains a HEEL tetrapeptide sequence which functions to retain PmBiP in the ER and is different from HDEL commonly found in angiosperm plant BiPs. Amino acid sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis show that PmBiP is highly similar to other plant BiPs yet forms a distinct phylogenetic subgroup separate from angiosperm BiPs. Northern and western blotting revealed that PmBiP is subject to developmental regulation during seed development, germination, and early seedling growth and is seasonally regulated in needles of young seedlings. The expression of PmBiP is developmentally regulated during seed development with higher amounts present in seeds prior to embryo development and the deposition of storage proteins. Increased PmBiP expression correlates with seedling growth and developm ent and the mobilization of seed storage proteins. Increased synthesis during germination is likely due to increased synthesis of cell wall proteins and other secretory traffic. This idea is supported by immunolocalization of PmBiP in root tip cells showing staining around the new cell wall in telophase cells and at the periphery of cells in the elongation zone. PmBiP may also play a role in mediating homotypic ER and nuclear envelope membrane fusion during mitosis in actively dividing tissues. PmBiP is seasonally regulated in the needles of young seedlings and increased expression was observed in tissues treated with low temperature suggesting that PmBiP plays an important role in the adaptation of seedlings to low temperatures. This is most likely accomplished through the maintenance of secretory traffic through the ER necessary for the synthesis of proteins with a more direct role in cold acclimation. Proteins were associated with PmBiP in an ATP dependent manner in mature seeds and 2-day-old seedlings but were only detectable in minute amounts. ATP associated proteins were more readily detectable in embryonal suspensor mass (ESM) cultures but only in small amounts unsuitable for N-terminal sequencing and identification. The Douglas-fir BiP promoter (PmBiPProl) contains a variety of cis-acting regulatory elements commonly found in the promoters of storage protein genes, light regulated genes, and phenlypropanoid and cell wall protein genes. The presence of different cis-element groups suggests the transcriptional regulation of PmBiP is controlled by a variety of signal transduction pathways depending upon the developmental and/or physiological state of a given tissue. Transient expression analysis showed that PmBiPProl is functional in germinating Douglas-fir embryos. The expression of PmBiPProl in transgenic Arabidopsis is associated with actively dividing and secretory tissues. Deletion analysis showed that minimal promoter elements lie within a 263 bp region directly upstream of the PmBiP cDNA sequence although upstream flanking sequences are necessary for higher level expression. G-box motifs residing within the 263 bp fragment together with a quantitative activator region (QAR) and a negative regulatory region (NRR) present in upstream areas are likely involved in transcriptional control in young seedlings. PmBiPProl was also wound inducible in transgenic Arabidopsis cotyledons that correlated with similar experiments conducted in Douglas-fir seedlings. Elements involved in conferring wound inducibility are located in PmBiPProl-5 but upstream elements are necessary for higher level expression. G-box motifs may also play a role in the wound inducibility of the Douglas-fir BiP promoter. / Graduate

The object of this work was to study the soil and nutrient requirements of Douglas fir seedlings in relation to their physiological development. For this purpose, fertilizer, irrigation, growth and nutrient uptake experiments were conducted at the Green Timbers Forest Nursery and the University of British Columbia. The experimental sites were characterized by chemical and physical soil analysis. The N, P, K, Ca and Mg content of 0-0 and 1-0 seedlings was determined. Statistical methods of analysis were used to determine the significance of experimental results. Douglas fir seedlings during the first year in the nursery (0-0) produced little dry matter and removed small amounts of nutrients from the soil. The application of 20 to 30 lbs. per acre of nitrogen increased the growth of 0-0 seedlings in 1957 and 1958. Fertilization with potassium decreased, and with phosphorus increased, the growth of 0-0 seedlings in 1957 but had no effect in 1958. Application of compost, mushroom manure and cow manure increased the growth of 0-0 Douglas fir seedlings. The fertilization of 0-0 seedlings with mineral fertilizers had no effect on their development in the subsequent year. In the second year of growth (1-0), the dry matter production and the removal of nutrients from the soil by Douglas fir seedlings exceeded that of many agricultural crops. During the summer, 1-0 Douglas fir seedlings passed through at least one period of temporary dormancy, but their growth was continuous throughout the summer. Nitrogen fertilization increased the length and dry weight of 1-0 seedlings. Application of 320 lb. N per acre decreased growth and resulted in damage to seedling tissues. High phosphorus application decreased the unfavourable effect of excessive nitrogen fertilization. The 1-0 seedlings did not respond to potassium fertilization. Phosphorus, however, increased the dry weight of the 1-0 seedlings when applied at a rate of 320 lb. P205 per acre. Late summer nitrogen applications resulted in very rapid seedling growth during autumn, however, dormancy was delayed and the seedlings were heavily damaged by frost. Nitrogen fertilization in September increased the frost resistance of dormant 1-0 seedlings. Irrigation increased the height and weight of 1-0 Douglas fir seedlings. Heavy irrigation decreased the winter hardiness of the seedlings. The duration and time of the dormant period was found to be influenced by fertilization and soil moisture conditions. Each seedling, however, had individual dormancy characteristics. / Land and Food Systems, Faculty of / Graduate

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