Political parties and political elites

Raji tribe of Kumaun

Minority community

Rewa jile mein

History-Sheeters

Naplakhedi and Lasudia villages

Structure of social inequality

This dissertation attempts to explain the different occupational patterns and business entrepreneurship among the Chinese in Thailand, Indonesia and Canada before the Second World War. Evidence presented in this study indicates that in spite of a similar concentration in private business, Chinese in different countries were engaged in different types of business and achieved different levels of success. Contemporary literature offers two major types of explanation to the phenomena of ethnic employment and self-employment. The transplanted cultural thesis argues that traditional values which are brought to the host society by immigrants or an ethnic group play an important role in the formulation of this group's occupational patterns and entrepreneurship. The blocked mobility thesis, in contrast, contends that racial discrimination restricts the access of ethnic minorities to the mainstream labour market, which in turn forces them into certain types of business or occupation. This study shows that traditional Chinese culture cannot account for the persisting concentration of the Chinese in commerce in Thailand and Indonesia since the fourteenth century. On the other hand, while the blocked mobility thesis is useful in understanding the concentration of the Chinese in food and personal service businesses, this study finds no evidence to suggest that racial discrimination prevented the Chinese in Thailand and Indonesia from entering certain sectors of the economy. Therefore, this dissertation argues that historical and structural factors, such as the patterns of immigration, the occupational backgrounds of Chinese immigrants, and the economic system and social stratification of the host countries, affected the occupational patterns and entrepreneurship of the Chinese in the three countries before WWII.

This project represents a social scientific investigation of the emergence of patterned relations among wolf packs in a colonizing wolf population. Data analyzed were collected by the National Parks Services Wolf Project. The formation of structurally endogamous mating alliances is explored using P-Graph methodology and Parente Suite software programs. Qualitative techniques were also employed to explore the social structure among wolf packs in Yellowstone National Park (YNP). Findings suggest that a multi-level social organization exists among YNP wolves.

This research shows that activists in the consumer/survivor/ex-patient (c/s/x) movement develop a range of resistant identities in response to their encounters with psychiatry. Looking beyond the apparent distinction between consumer and survivor, components of a unifying survivor narrative are seen to underlie their resistance to assuming a totalized mental patient identity. A shared sense of injustice and betrayal of trust motivates people to identify with movement goals and values, which emphasize talking back to the power of psychiatry, rights protection and advocacy, and self-determination. Activists share a collective identity yet enact their concerns along a continuum from conservative to radical, according to their position in relation to psychiatric treatment and their relative levels of resistance and patienthood.