Para satisfazer o explosivo aumento na demanda de tráfego de voz e dados, as redes ópticas baseadas em WDM e GMPLS estão sendo desenvolvidas. A suíte de protocolos GMPLS é atualmente considerada como um plano de controle para as redes ópticas e é composta por protocolos de sinalização e de roteamento, como também do protocolo de gerenciamento de enlace (LMP). O LMP é um importante protocolo que interfere na atribuição de rótulos (comprimentos de onda) e é necessário fazer sua análise lógica para verificar se o mesmo está livre de erros de progresso. Para esta finalidade, o método denominado alcançabilidade justa foi utilizado. Verificada a corretude do LMP, o estudo foca o subproblema de atribuição de comprimento de onda do RWA nas redes GMPLS-WDM por ser um dos principais problemas que causam o baixo desempenho destas redes. O cenário estudado é das redes GMPLS-WDM que operam em um ambiente RWA dinâmico com restrição de continuidade de comprimento de onda. O problema RWA é examinado bem como as várias heurísticas de atribuição de comprimento de onda apresentadas na literatura. Com o objetivo de melhorar o desempenho das redes GMPLS-WDM com restrição de continuidade de comprimento de onda, propõe-se um algoritmo de atribuição de rótulos que utiliza os conceitos conjunto de rótulos e SRLG já implementados pelo GMPLS. O algoritmo proposto melhora a eficiência no uso de recursos nas redes em questão. O desempenho é verificado através da métricas de probabilidade de bloqueio de conexão, desempenho este próximo do ótimo e demonstrado através de simulações. / To satisfy the explosive increasing demands of voice and data traffic, optical networks based on WDM and GMPLS are being developed. The GMPLS´ suite of protocols is currently being considered as the control plane for optical networks and it is compounded of signaling and routing protocols, and also the link management protocol (LMP). The LMP is an important protocol that interferes with label (wavelength) assignment and it is necessary to logically analyse this protocol in order to verify if it is free from progress errors. For this purpose, the method called fair reachability has been used. Verified the LMP is correctable, the study focuses on the RWA wavelength assignment problem in GMPLS-WDM networks because it is one of the main problems which causes the low performance of these networks. The studied scene is GMPLS-WDM networks operating under a dynamic RWA environment with wavelength continuity constraint. The RWA problem is examined and also the various wavelength-assignment heuristics proposed in the literature. With the goal to improve the performance of the GMPLS-WDM networks with wavelength continuity constraint, it is proposed a label assignment algorithm, which uses the concepts of label set and SRLG, already implemented by GMPLS. The proposed algorithm provides an improvement in efficiency of resource use. The performance is verified by using the blocking probability metric, and it is very close to the optimum and demonstrated through simulations.

Para satisfazer o explosivo aumento na demanda de tráfego de voz e dados, as redes ópticas baseadas em WDM e GMPLS estão sendo desenvolvidas. A suíte de protocolos GMPLS é atualmente considerada como um plano de controle para as redes ópticas e é composta por protocolos de sinalização e de roteamento, como também do protocolo de gerenciamento de enlace (LMP). O LMP é um importante protocolo que interfere na atribuição de rótulos (comprimentos de onda) e é necessário fazer sua análise lógica para verificar se o mesmo está livre de erros de progresso. Para esta finalidade, o método denominado alcançabilidade justa foi utilizado. Verificada a corretude do LMP, o estudo foca o subproblema de atribuição de comprimento de onda do RWA nas redes GMPLS-WDM por ser um dos principais problemas que causam o baixo desempenho destas redes. O cenário estudado é das redes GMPLS-WDM que operam em um ambiente RWA dinâmico com restrição de continuidade de comprimento de onda. O problema RWA é examinado bem como as várias heurísticas de atribuição de comprimento de onda apresentadas na literatura. Com o objetivo de melhorar o desempenho das redes GMPLS-WDM com restrição de continuidade de comprimento de onda, propõe-se um algoritmo de atribuição de rótulos que utiliza os conceitos conjunto de rótulos e SRLG já implementados pelo GMPLS. O algoritmo proposto melhora a eficiência no uso de recursos nas redes em questão. O desempenho é verificado através da métricas de probabilidade de bloqueio de conexão, desempenho este próximo do ótimo e demonstrado através de simulações. / To satisfy the explosive increasing demands of voice and data traffic, optical networks based on WDM and GMPLS are being developed. The GMPLS´ suite of protocols is currently being considered as the control plane for optical networks and it is compounded of signaling and routing protocols, and also the link management protocol (LMP). The LMP is an important protocol that interferes with label (wavelength) assignment and it is necessary to logically analyse this protocol in order to verify if it is free from progress errors. For this purpose, the method called fair reachability has been used. Verified the LMP is correctable, the study focuses on the RWA wavelength assignment problem in GMPLS-WDM networks because it is one of the main problems which causes the low performance of these networks. The studied scene is GMPLS-WDM networks operating under a dynamic RWA environment with wavelength continuity constraint. The RWA problem is examined and also the various wavelength-assignment heuristics proposed in the literature. With the goal to improve the performance of the GMPLS-WDM networks with wavelength continuity constraint, it is proposed a label assignment algorithm, which uses the concepts of label set and SRLG, already implemented by GMPLS. The proposed algorithm provides an improvement in efficiency of resource use. The performance is verified by using the blocking probability metric, and it is very close to the optimum and demonstrated through simulations.

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Fault management is a challenging task in all-optical wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) networks. However, fast fault localization for shared risk link groups (SRLGs) with multiple links is essential for building a fully survival and functional transparent all-optical mesh network. Monitoring trail (m-trail) technology is an effective approach to achieve the goal, whereby a set of m-trails are derived for unambiguous fault localization (UFL). However, an m-trail traverses through a link by utilizing a dedicated wavelength channel (WL), causing a significant amount of resource consumption. In addition, existing m-trail methods incur long and variable alarm dissemination delay. We introduce a novel framework of real-time fault localization in all-optical WDM mesh networks, called the monitoring-burst (m-burst), which aims at initiating a balanced trade-off between consumed monitoring resources and fault localization latency. The m-burst framework has a single monitoring node (MN) and requires one WL in each unidirectional link if the link is traversed by any m-trail. The MN launches short duration optical bursts periodically along each m-trail to probe the links of the m-trail. Bursts along different m-trails are kept non-overlapping through each unidirectional link by scheduling burst launching times from the MN and multiplexing multiple bursts, if any, traversing the link. Thus, the MN can unambiguously localize the failed links by identifying the lost bursts without incurring any alarm dissemination delay. We have proposed several novel m-trail allocation, burst launching time scheduling, and node switch fabric configuration schemes. Numerical results show that the schemes, when deployed in the m-burst framework, are able to localize single-link and multi-link SRLG faults unambiguously, with reasonable fault localization latency, by using at most one WL in each unidirectional link. To reduce the fault localization latency further, we also introduce a novel methodology called nested m-trails. At first, mesh networks are decomposed into cycles and trails. Each cycle (trail) is realized as an independent virtual ring (linear) network using a separate pair of WLs (one WL in each direction) in each undirected link traversed by the cycle (trail). Then, sets of m-trails, i.e., nested m-trails, derived in each virtual network are deployed independently in the m-burst framework for ring (linear) networks. As a result, the fault localization latency is reduced significantly. Moreover, the application of nested m-trails in adaptive probing also reduces the number of sequential probes significantly. Therefore, practical deployment of adaptive probing is now possible. However, the WL consumption of the nested m-trail technique is not limited by one WL per unidirectional link. Thus, further investigation is needed to reduce the WL consumption of the technique.

This thesis focuses on the survivable routing problem in WDM mesh networks where the objective is to minimize the total number of wavelengths used for establishing working and protection paths in the WDM networks. The past studies for survivable routing suffers from the scalability problem when the number of nodes/links or connection requests grow in the network. In this thesis, a novel path based shared protection framework namely Inter-Group Shared protection (I-GSP) is proposed where the traffic matrix can be divided into multiple protection groups (PGs) based on specific grouping policy. Optimization is performed on these PGs such that sharing of protection wavelengths is considered not only inside a PG, but between the PGs. Simulation results show that I-GSP based integer linear programming model, namely, ILP-II solves the networks in a reasonable amount of time for which a regular integer linear programming formulation, namely, ILP-I becomes computationally intractable. For most of the cases the gap between the optimal solution and the ILP-II ranges between (2-16)%. The proposed ILP-II model yields a scalable solution for the capacity planning in the survivable optical networks based on the proposed I-GSP protection architecture.

Any unexpected disruption to WDM (Wavelength Division Multiplexing) based optical networks which carry data traffic at tera-bit per second may result in a huge loss to its end-users and the carrier itself. Thus survivability has been well-recognized as one of the most important objectives in the design of optical Internet. This thesis proposes a novel survivable routing architecture for the optical Internet. We focus on a number of key issues that are essential to achieve the desired service scenarios, including the tasks of (a) minimizing the total number of wavelengths used for establishing working and protection paths in WDM networks; (b) minimizing the number of affected working paths in case of a link failure; (c) handling large scale WDM mesh networks; and (d) supporting both Quality of Service (QoS) and best-effort based working lightpaths. To implement the above objectives, a novel path based shared protection framework namely Group Shared protection (GSP) is proposed where the traffic matrix can be divided into multiple protection groups (PGs) based on specific grouping policy, and optimization is performed on these PGs. To the best of our knowledge this is the first work done in the area of group based WDM survivable routing approaches where not only the resource sharing is conducted among the PGs to achieve the best possible capacity efficiency, but also an integrated survivable routing framework is provided by incorporating the above objectives. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed schemes.

This thesis focuses on the survivable routing problem in WDM mesh networks where the objective is to minimize the total number of wavelengths used for establishing working and protection paths in the WDM networks. The past studies for survivable routing suffers from the scalability problem when the number of nodes/links or connection requests grow in the network. In this thesis, a novel path based shared protection framework namely Inter-Group Shared protection (I-GSP) is proposed where the traffic matrix can be divided into multiple protection groups (PGs) based on specific grouping policy. Optimization is performed on these PGs such that sharing of protection wavelengths is considered not only inside a PG, but between the PGs. Simulation results show that I-GSP based integer linear programming model, namely, ILP-II solves the networks in a reasonable amount of time for which a regular integer linear programming formulation, namely, ILP-I becomes computationally intractable. For most of the cases the gap between the optimal solution and the ILP-II ranges between (2-16)%. The proposed ILP-II model yields a scalable solution for the capacity planning in the survivable optical networks based on the proposed I-GSP protection architecture.

Any unexpected disruption to WDM (Wavelength Division Multiplexing) based optical networks which carry data traffic at tera-bit per second may result in a huge loss to its end-users and the carrier itself. Thus survivability has been well-recognized as one of the most important objectives in the design of optical Internet. This thesis proposes a novel survivable routing architecture for the optical Internet. We focus on a number of key issues that are essential to achieve the desired service scenarios, including the tasks of (a) minimizing the total number of wavelengths used for establishing working and protection paths in WDM networks; (b) minimizing the number of affected working paths in case of a link failure; (c) handling large scale WDM mesh networks; and (d) supporting both Quality of Service (QoS) and best-effort based working lightpaths. To implement the above objectives, a novel path based shared protection framework namely Group Shared protection (GSP) is proposed where the traffic matrix can be divided into multiple protection groups (PGs) based on specific grouping policy, and optimization is performed on these PGs. To the best of our knowledge this is the first work done in the area of group based WDM survivable routing approaches where not only the resource sharing is conducted among the PGs to achieve the best possible capacity efficiency, but also an integrated survivable routing framework is provided by incorporating the above objectives. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed schemes.