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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Conception de systèmes de gestion d'énergie pour microsystèmes autonomes

Ammar, Y. 06 February 2007 (has links) (PDF)
Cette thèse présente de nouvelles approches pour la gestion d'énergie dans un microsystème autonome. Le microsystème autonome est la nouvelle génération des nœuds de capteurs sans fil. Le microsystème autonome est alimenté via un microgénérateur qui récolte l'énergie ambiante. Cette thèse s'est déroulée dans le cadre du projet européen VIBES (VIBration Energy Scavenging FP6 IST-1-STREP-507911). Ce projet s'intéresse à récolter l'énergie ambiante issue de vibrations mécaniques. La problématique dans la conception du module de gestion d'énergie est la très basse tension (dizaines de millivolts), et l'ultra basse puissance (centaine de nanowatts) fournie par le microgénérateur. Trois approches sont proposées dans cette thèse. La première approche est une technique pour l'amplification de la tension du microgénérateur. Celle-ci est vérifiée par l'application d'une technique de commutation dite SSH (Synchronized Switch Harvesting). Cette technique est validée pour des générateurs de taille centimétrique. L'influence de la réduction d'échelle sur cette technique est étudiée, et une technique plus convenable pour les microgénérateurs est proposée. La deuxième approche est l'utilisation d'un multiplicateur de tension. Ce multiplicateur joue le rôle d'un AC/DC et DC/DC. Il accepte une tension d'entrée d'amplitude très faible (dizaines de millivolts). Le fonctionnement du multiplicateur à ces très basses tensions est basé sur une nouvelle structure de diode à très basse tension de seuil. La troisième approche est la proposition d'un convertisseur AC/DC ultra basse consommation (dizaines de nanowatt). Ce convertisseur peut rectifier des signaux d'amplitude de l'ordre de quelques millivolts. Les trois approches sont implémentées en utilisant deux technologies de fabrication de circuits intégrés.
2

Energy-efficient interfaces for vibration energy harvesting

Du, Sijun January 2018 (has links)
Ultra low power wireless sensors and sensor systems are of increasing interest in a variety of applications ranging from structural health monitoring to industrial process control. Electrochemical batteries have thus far remained the primary energy sources for such systems despite the finite associated lifetimes imposed due to limitations associated with energy density. However, certain applications (such as implantable biomedical electronic devices and tire pressure sensors) require the operation of sensors and sensor systems over significant periods of time, where battery usage may be impractical and add cost due to the requirement for periodic re-charging and/or replacement. In order to address this challenge and extend the operational lifetime of wireless sensors, there has been an emerging research interest on harvesting ambient vibration energy. Vibration energy harvesting is a technology that generates electrical energy from ambient kinetic energy. Despite numerous research publications in this field over the past decade, low power density and variable ambient conditions remain as the key limitations of vibration energy harvesting. In terms of the piezoelectric transducers, the open-circuit voltage is usually low, which limits its power while extracted by a full-bridge rectifier. In terms of the interface circuits, most reported circuits are limited by the power efficiency, suitability to real-world vibration conditions and system volume due to large off-chip components required. The research reported in this thesis is focused on increasing power output of piezoelectric transducers and power extraction efficiency of interface circuits. There are five main chapters describing two new design topologies of piezoelectric transducers and three novel active interface circuits implemented with CMOS technology. In order to improve the power output of a piezoelectric transducer, a series connection configuration scheme is proposed, which splits the electrode of a harvester into multiple equal regions connected in series to inherently increase the open-circuit voltage generated by the harvester. This topology passively increases the rectified power while using a full-bridge rectifier. While most of piezoelectric transducers are designed with piezoelectric layers fully covered by electrodes, this thesis proposes a new electrode design topology, which maximizes the raw AC output power of a piezoelectric harvester by finding an optimal electrode coverage. In order to extract power from a piezoelectric harvester, three active interface circuits are proposed in this thesis. The first one improves the conventional SSHI (synchronized switch harvesting on inductor) by employing a startup circuitry to enable the system to start operating under much lower vibration excitation levels. The second one dynamically configures the connection of the two regions of a piezoelectric transducer to increase the operational range and output power under a variety of excitation levels. The third one is a novel SSH architecture which employs capacitors instead of inductors to perform synchronous voltage flip. This new architecture is named as SSHC (synchronized switch harvesting on capacitors) to distinguish from SSHI rectifiers and indicate its inductorless architecture.

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