La gestion des risques et la responsabilité sociale des entreprises ont pris les rôles dans la gestion de la stratégie mondiale d'efficacité énergétique de la chaîne d'approvisionnement et de la logistique internationale. Tout est basé sur des faits simulations, causes et impacts dans le transport, la production et la gestion de l'entrepôt. En termes de transport dans les ensembles de la chaîne d'approvisionnement globale, le système de suivi du rendement devrait être appliqué selon les normes standard appropriées. Particulièrement pour les produits dangereux. Ainsi, le niveau de pollution peut être anticipé et calculé au niveau exact. Le plus important est aussi le niveau externe, soi-disant facteur de leadership. Ce facteur reflétera la performance de la responsabilité sociale de l'entreprise.Le type de système de production qui relie le système de chaîne d'approvisionnement global est le plus difficile. Pourquoi avons-nous des difficultés sur celui-ci ? Parce que certaines entreprises ou pays ne pouvaient dans une certaine mesure faire un meilleur choix en termes de pénurie pour certains types de ressources énergétiques. Pour la section de l'entrepôt, l'auteur a trouvé le résultat que le secteur de l'électricité avec une base de données en temps réel donnait une manière réaliste de l'efficacité énergétique de la chaîne d'approvisionnement mondiale. L'efficacité énergétique dans la chaîne d'approvisionnement mondiale est une perspective que l'efficacité de l'énergie au niveau mondial pourrait être réalisée par n'importe quel type de produit, principalement sur la matière énergétique. En se concentrant sur la façon de les transporter, le système de production et la façon de construire un système d'entrepôt pour maintenir la source d'énergie plus efficace pour servir les utilisateurs finaux. / Risk management and corporate social responsibility took roles play how to manage global supply chain energy efficiency strategy and international logistics. All is based on facts-simulations, causes & impacts in transportation, production, and warehouse management”. In term of transportation in global supply chain shows for tracking performance systems hould be applied on appropriate standardized. Particularly for hazardous products. So that, the pollution level can be anticipated and calculated in exact level. The most important one is also the external level, so called leadership factor. This factor will reflect the corporate social responsibility performance.The type of production system which connected to global supply chain system is the most difficult one. Why do we have difficulties on this one? Because, some enterprises or countries for some extent could not make a better choice in term of scarcity for certain type of energy resources. For the warehouse section, the author found the result that electricity sector with real time data base has been giving realistic the way of energy efficiency of global supply chain.The energy efficiency in global supply chain is a perspective that efficiency energy in global level could be perform by any type of product, mainly on energy matter. By focusing on how to transport them, the way of production system, and how to build up warehouse system to keep source of energy become more efficient to serve end users.

Thesis (MSc(Med)(Pharmacy))--University of Limpopo, 2012. / ABSTRACT South Africa, 80% of the population is dependent on the vernment to provide for their health care needs, mainly ugh primary health care facilities. In the health objectives of the National Drug Policy, the government of South Africa outlines its commitment to ensuring availability and accessibility of medicines which are effective, affordable, safe and of good quality in all sectors of the health care system ( N a t ion a IDe par t men t of He a It h, 1 996) . In o rd e r to assess the availability of d ru g s and identify ch a II en g e s w hi c h . ex is tin the Emf u Ie n i sub - d is t r i c t wi t hi nth e Sedibeng district, a questionnaire was administered to 21 primary health care facility managers/store managers, fo u r Community Health Centre managers and five transport officers in the district. In addition, a document review process was conducted to verify aspects of th e facility managers' and store managers' responses. Bin cards and primary health care order files were also examined in conjunction with a checklist to establish whether stock control systems were in place. There was a 100% response with all primary health care centres and community health care centres completing th e questionnaires. It was established that drugs at primary and community health care clinics were procured from the Sedibeng district pharmacy. In each of these clin ics there were specific individuals responsible for medicine supply management. Only four primary health care clinics had full-time pharmacist assistants employed, and 14 clinics were visited by the assistants on a weekly/bi-weekly basis. There were no employees that have received training in drug supply management in the last 12 months in 88% of the clinics interviewed. Nineteen clinics claimed that the storage area was not large e n 0 ugh to s tor e a II the s toe k f or a m 0 nth's sup ply and 0 n I yon e clinic had a secure delivery area for their medication. It was established that 24 facilities received stock by two specific procedures namely; that the number of boxes were checked and the driver's note was then signed, and stock received was checked against the invoice. Of the interviewed cl i nics, 20% admitted that the re-order level had not been calculated for all tracer items in the store. Standard Operating Procedures, Standard Treatment Guidelines and the Essential Drugs List were also not available at all facilities. The results indicate inadequacies and weaknesses in procurement, quantification, stock control, storage and record keeping. It clearly demonstrates that inadequately-trained staff was a ma j 0 reo n t rib uti n g fa c tor to d rug s h 0 r tag e s. The r e was a I a c k 0 f monitoring and evaluation by th e district pharmacy as pharmacists did not manage to visit all the clinics each month. Most of the inadequacies and weaknesses can be addressed at facility level with pro per supervision, in-service training, mentoring and support of staff and the reinforcement of drug supply management training. Regular supervisory visits together with updating the monitoring too I in terms of th e problems identified will improve th e management of drugs and ultimately decrease the number of out of stocks where problems have been identified at primary health care level.

Thesis: M. Eng. in Supply Chain Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Supply Chain Management Program, 2019 / Cataloged from PDF version of thesis. / Includes bibliographical references (pages 66-70). / With the increased application of cognitive computing across the spectrum of industries, companies strive to ready their people and machines for future system change. Based on resource constraints, business needs, and the speed of change, many companies may opt for system augmentation rather than the adoption of entirely new systems. At the same time, changes in technology are increasing at paces never before realized. Against this backdrop, human actors and machines are working together interactively in new and increasing ways. Further, recent business model innovations, particularly in the retail space, have cast focus on logistics execution as a potential major competitive advantage. In this context, we considered the conceptual question of how best to iteratively improve a logistics planning system, which is composed of both human and machine actors, to reduce transportation and labor costs and increase the ability of the organization to think and act strategically. / In order to front these current technological realities - the need to stage for agent based systems and cognitive computing, the likelihood of system retrofit over rebuild, the ever increasing rate of change, and the rapid intertwining of human and machine roles - we proposed using human-machine interaction (HMI) design paradigms to retrofit an existing loosely coupled human-machine planning system. While HMI principles are normally applied to tightly coupled systems such as jet airplanes, the HMI architectural design applied novelly in this case showed significant application to an existing loosely coupled planning system. In addition to meeting the realities of today's competitive landscape, the developed HMI framework is tailored to a retrofit situation and also meets resiliency considerations. That novel conceptual proposal of HMI frameworks to an existing loosely coupled joint cognitive planning system shows tremendous promise to address these imminent realities. / With regards to the particular freight planning system considered, 71% of manual interventions were caused by the wrong sourcing facility being assigned to supply pallets to a customer. The remaining intervention causes were carrier changes 18%, customer restrictions 9%, and one change prompted by a data discrepancy. Further, at a conceptual level, the application of HMI frameworks to an existing freight planning system was effective at isolating data and alignment incongruences, displayed lower communication costs than recurrent system rework processes, and tethered well with system resiliency factors. / by John Bishop Ravenel. / M. Eng. in Supply Chain Management / M.Eng.inSupplyChainManagement Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Supply Chain Management Program

Thesis: M. Eng. in Supply Chain Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Supply Chain Management Program, 2019 / Cataloged from PDF version of thesis. / Includes bibliographical references (pages 52-53). / While festivals bring a reason to cheer for everyone, businesses dealing with a spike in demand for perishables may have to live with the misery of lost sales and/or expired items. In the case of the dairy industry that deals with liquid milk, both raw material, and finished goods are perishable, which implies that merely stockpiling inventory of either item, without paying attention to potential inventory losses, cannot be an optimal strategy. In developing countries, the supplier base for perishables like milk, fruits, vegetables, flowers, etc. mostly comprise of small farmers instead of corporate/professional agencies, thus leading to supply variability. During special occasions like festivals, as individuals set aside more of the raw material for their own consumption, we encounter a reduction in supply. Around the same time, we notice a spike in customer demand, leading to a demand-supply mismatch. Companies dealing with perishables need an analytical approach to manage this. / In this thesis, we present a framework to address this problem of intermittent demand-supply mismatch using a 3-stage stochastic optimization model. We decide on the sourcing targets, the production plans based on supply realized, and finally, the dispatch plan based on orders received. As a case study, we analyze the operations and data from a private dairy company in eastern India, to understand the research problem and the applicability of the resulting model. We notice the impact of demand spikes and supply reduction in two areas: we increase supply targets in the periods preceding the demand spike; and we increase supply targets in periods when supply is expected to decrease, while demand is as usual. When there are multiple festival days within the time series, the compounding of impact depends on the sequencing of the events. / Finally, when we introduce the realistic constraint that the supply target needs to be constant throughout the time series, we see a degradation in the profitability, as we need to tradeoff between lost sales and wasted products. While the focus of this case study is the dairy industry, the conclusions from this research are broadly applicable to other industries dealing with perishables. / by Vishwanathan Parameshwaran lyer Nurani. / M. Eng. in Supply Chain Management / M.Eng.inSupplyChainManagement Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Supply Chain Management Program

Thesis: M. Eng. in Supply Chain Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Supply Chain Management Program, 2019 / Cataloged from PDF version of thesis. / Includes bibliographical references (pages 50-51). / The success of e-commerce continues to push the bounds of delivery services as customers expect near instant fulfillment at little additional cost. This demand for delivery performance and operational cost efficiency has led to the exploration of the last-mile delivery problem using creative multimodal delivery systems. One promising system consists of a truck that can carry and deploy multiple autonomous drones to assist in the fulfillment of customer demand. The contribution of this thesis is towards furthering the understanding of the application of autonomous flying drones in such a system and improve parcel delivery performance within the constraint of the current state of technology. This thesis explores the feasibility of deploying drones in last-mile delivery by modeling and then optimizing the cost of serving customers with a system consisting of one truck and multiple drones under multiple customer demand scenarios. While this optimization problem can be solved with mixed integer linear programming (MILP), the computation requirement is such that MILP is inefficient for real world scenarios with 100 or more customers. This research applies metaheuristic methodology to solve the truck-and-drone problem for scenarios with up to 158 customers in approximately 30 minutes of computation time. The test results confirm an average of 7% to 9% in savings opportunity for a 2-drone baseline over traditional single truck delivery tours. This savings opportunity is shown to vary with customer density, number of drones carried, range of drone flight, and speed of drone relative to speed of truck. / by Yue Kuang. / M. Eng. in Supply Chain Management / M.Eng.inSupplyChainManagement Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Supply Chain Management Program

No description available.

Thesis (M.Sc.)--University of Hong Kong, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 77-85)

Zugl.: Osnabrück, Universiẗat, Diss., 2007.

<p>Demand has become increasingly difficult to forecast in today’s volatile markets. Being able to produce towards real demand is becoming vital for companies, since inventories of finished goods are expensive to maintain and because miscalculated products tie up capital that in the end is never repaid. More and more companies are using postponement strategies to delay the process of producing until real demand has become known. </p><p>Tooling Support Halmstad is a company within the manufacturing industry, which has become aware of the benefits with postponement strategies for parts of their production. In the year of 2006 Tooling Support Halmstad implemented a neutral stock for taps, their largest product. The target was to reduce their lead time and capital tied up.</p><p>The purpose of this report is to evaluate Tooling Support Halmstad’s achievements, regarding improvements of lead time and capital tied up, in effect of the implementation of a neutral stock. The neutral stock’s impact on Tooling Support Halmstad’s production and inventory strategy will be described in order to fully understand the most important factors when implementing a neutral stock. This study will not examine all factors arising from implementation of a neutral stock, since that would make it unreasonable extensive. The time periods examined in this report is the last quarter of 2005 and the first quarter of 2007. This has been done in order to compare the situation before the neutral stock with the situation after the implementation. This case study has used qualitative research methods. A small number of persons, from different parts of the organisation, have been interviewed in order to deeply evaluate this specific situation.</p><p>The result shows that the implementation of a neutral stock has been beneficial for Tooling Support Halmstad. Their lead time has decreased drastically and their level of service towards the central warehouse has improved as well. It exist strong indications of a decrease in capital tied up, even though any specific values have not been possible to provide.</p>

Graduation date: 1997