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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Nuclear localization and transactivation of sys-1/β-catenin, a regulator of Wnt target gene expression and asymmetric cell division

Wolf, Arielle Koonyee-Lam 01 May 2019 (has links)
Human β-catenin is a dual-functioned protein responsible for regulating cell-cell adhesion and gene transcription. To activate gene transcription, β-catenin must be shuttled into the nucleus where it interacts with various co-activators to activates gene transcription. Various studies have identified proteins that bind to specific amino acid sequences in β-catenin for proper gene transcription regulation. Compared to the single beta-catenin in most animals, C. elegans surprisingly contains four β-catenins. Though structurally similar, these beta-catenins became distinct during nematode evolution, resulting in four β-catenins that differ in functions. SYS-1 is one such β-catenin that loses its adhesion ability and is specialized in activating transcription of genes in the nucleus. Across different animals, β-catenin shares similar amino acid sequences and structure. SYS-1, while it shares the similar structure to other β-catenins, is the most divergent C. elegans beta-catenin when comparing amino acid sequences. In addition, while SYS-1 interacts with homologs of proteins that bind to and regulate human β-catenin, the binding sites of those proteins to SYS-1 is unknown. Here, we identify novel sites for beta-catenin’s gene transcription role within SYS-1 that greatly differed from human β-catenin. We also identify a novel mechanism for beta-catenin nuclear import, which is still largely unknown in any system, by identifying a candidate importer that associates with SYS-1 is required for SYS-1 dependent cell fate. In summary, though SYS-1 has a well-conserved function dictating cell fate in response to developmental signals, it has evolved novel regulatory, functional and localization mechanisms and therefore serves as a model for the plasticity nuclear importer that helps shuttle SYS-1 into the nucleus identified specific regions in SYS-1 that is involved in activating transcription which will result in cell fate changes.

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