abstract: Over the years, aviation safety has been influenced by continuous implementations of both proactive and reactive policies by both regulatory boards and also, aviation service providers. This achievement has been possible mainly because of the safety management tools like the Aviation Safety Action Program (ASAP) which derives its roots from the much earlier Aviation Safety Reporting System (ASRS). Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) provides guidelines and procedures for installation and development of an ASAP, for every airline in the United States. In this study, how different United States air carriers apply ASAP in their organizations is investigated. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Technology 2016

<p>Patient safety in healthcare has become a national objective. Hospital safety concerns are not isolated to patient safety, occupational safety is also important. One initiative adopted by healthcare is improving patient safety climate – shifting from one of a "no harm, no foul" approach to a culture of learning that encourages the reporting of errors, even those in which patient harm does not occur. Lacking from the literature, however, is an understanding of how to encourage reporting and how safety perceptions are formed among hospital employees. In addition, although safety-related reporting and safety perceptions are deemed important, the majority of research has been conducted in nursing populations. In order to create a safer hospital, it is crucial to investigate safety-related reporting and safety perceptions among all hospital employees.</p> <p>The purpose of this cross-sectional study is to test and refine a model that explains the influence of perceived procedural justice, interpersonal justice, informational justice, and distributive justice on comfort with safety-related reporting and, ultimately, hospital safety perceptions among hospital employees.</p> <p>The proposed model was tested on a sample of 652 hospital employees from a regional children’s hospital with a 76% return rate. Consistent with the hypothesized model, perceptions of higher interpersonal justice predicted higher comfort with safety reporting, which in turn predicted perceptions of hospital safety. In addition, comfort with safety reporting, interpersonal justice, and informational justice contributed directly to the prediction of hospital safety perceptions.</p> <p>This study illustrates why different dimensions of organizational justice, specifically interpersonal justice and informational justice, should be considered above and beyond safety-specific climate when individuals are intent on improving hospital safety. Thus, hospital managers and administrators should enhance interpersonal justice along with comfort with safety-related reporting and informational justice to create a safer hospital. Study limitations and recommendations for new research methods and areas are discussed.</p> / Master of Health Sciences (MSc)

The Aviation Safety Action Program (ASAP) is a voluntary, non-jeopardy reporting program supported by commercial airlines. The program provides pilots with a way to report unsafe occurrences, including their own errors, without risk of punitive action on the part of the airlines or the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). Through a set of on-site visits to airlines with ASAP programs, deficiencies were identified in the way airlines collect ASAP reports from pilots. It was concluded that these deficiencies might be limiting the ability of airlines to identify hazards contributing to reported safety events. The purpose of this research was to determine if the use of an ASAP reporting form based on a human factors model, referred to as the Threat and Error Management (TEM) model, would result in pilots providing a larger quantity and higher quality of information as compared to information provided by pilots using a standard ASAP reporting form. The TEM model provides a framework for a taxonomy that includes factors related to safety events pilots encounter, behaviors and errors they make, and threats associated with the complexities of their operational environment. A comparison of reports collected using the TEM Reporting Form and a standard reporting form demonstrated that narrative descriptions provided by pilots using the TEM Reporting Form included both a larger quantity and higher quality of information. Quantity of information was measured by comparing the average word count of the narrative descriptions. Quality of information was measured by comparing the discriminatory power of the words in the narrative descriptions and the extent to which the narrative descriptions from the two sets of reports contributed to a set of latent concepts. The findings suggest that the TEM Reporting Form can help pilots provide longer descriptions, more relevant information related to safety hazards, and expand on concepts that contribute to reported safety events. The use of the TEM Reporting Form for the collection of ASAP reports should be considered by airlines as a preferred collection method for improving the quantity and quality of information reported by pilots through ASAP programs. / text

Nowadays preservation of safety is one of the most important conditions for consequential air traffic development. That was the reason why the Safety Management System was formed by the ICAO. Thesis´ objective was especially to scrutinize all the aspects relating to implementation of this system. In the first place every component of the system was described, eventually its function. Next point was to draft an implementation plan for small aviation operators. Besides that ways and means of evaluating effectiveness of the system and expected benefits were described. The process of implementation was consulted with several aviation operators and organizations related to civil aviation whether from the Czech Republic or abroad. Their knowledge helped in many ways to make an issue of practical implementation of the Safety Management System clear. Finally it is true to say that the Safety Management System going to be an essential part of every aviation operator in few years.