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The problem surrounding the ever-increasing toll of death and injury arising from road accidents is one which is receiving increasing attention as the number of vehicles on the road continues to rise. While it has not been possible to isolate any one factor as the sole or even primary cause of road accidents, several surveys have shown that in many accidents alcohol has been a contributory factor by affecting the faculties of the driver of pedestrian. The thesis then goes on to discuss factors causing individual differences in response to the same blood alcohol concentration and the correlation between impairment of driving and blood alcohol concentration.

The problem surrounding the ever-increasing toll of death and injury arising from road accidents is one which is receiving increasing attention as the number of vehicles on the road continues to rise. While it has not been possible to isolate any one factor as the sole or even primary cause of road accidents, several surveys have shown that in many accidents alcohol has been a contributory factor by affecting the faculties of the driver of pedestrian. The thesis then goes on to discuss factors causing individual differences in response to the same blood alcohol concentration and the correlation between impairment of driving and blood alcohol concentration.

This master thesis analyzes the bottlenecks on the terrestrial communications in the area Blansko. The aim is to suggest organizational and engineering measures which lead to increase traffic safety in selected road sections of terrestrial communications.

The thesis describes the problems of a complex system for analysis of road accidents, specifically the methodology for solving the collision between vehicle and motorcycle. There are statistics described motorcycle accidents, motorcycle safety features, the basic types of collision positions between vehicles and motorcycles, design methodology for solving with traffic accidents between vehicles and motorcycles. The work is performed a set of different measurements used to supplement and refine the input data for the analysis of road accidents involving motorcycles. The work contains data obtained from measurements.

Cycling contributes to public health because it requires physical effort [1] and offers economic and environmental advantages over motorized transport [2]. However, 41,000 cyclists die every year in traffic crashes, 3% of the total worldwide [3]. Most fatal bicycle crashes are collisions with motor vehicles. Severe injuries among cyclists, however, are mostly due to single bicycle crashes and their numbers are increasing [4, 5]. An international review showed that the share of hospitalised casualties due to single-bicycle crashes varied from 3% to 41 % of the total number of hospitalised casualties [ 6]. ... The aim of the present study is to investigate the relationship between cycle track width and lateral position. We conducted an experiment in which the cycle track width was manipulated to determine its effect on lateral position. The results have been compared with previous findings from literature. [From: Introduction]

Cycling as a mode of transportation has been recording an upward trend in both the U.S. and Europe. Unfortunately, the safety of cyclists has been a point of growing concern. Data from the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) show that the crashes that occur during the events of motorists overtaking cyclists was one of the leading categories involving cyclists in fatal crashes. In support of the efforts to understand the driving behavior of drivers of motorized vehicles while overtaking cyclists, this research project is aimed at developing an algorithm to identify the overtaking events. Most existing quantitative studies on cycling safety leverage instrumented bicycles or vehicles with sensors for extracting naturalistic driving trajectories. Whereas we use data from a recent research that provides naturalistic driving trajectories of road users collected at select intersections in urban areas in Germany using drones equipped with cameras. Using these videos with a data frequency of 25 Hz, the authors of this study have output inD dataset. The inD dataset contains trajectories of road users that are captured in form of coordinates on a two-dimensional plane obtained from the ariel or bird's eye view of the road. Additionally, the data also captures velocity, acceleration, heading angles, dimensions of driver's vehicle etc. Overtaking can be thought of as four phases of approaching, steering away, passing, and returning. Using the inD dataset, we have developed an algorithm to identify events when a driver of motor vehicle overtakes a cyclist. This work fits into our broader goal to contribute to the body of knowledge for improving road safety of cyclists. The work is expected to provide inputs to governmental/ traffic authorities in aspects such as design of intersections and design of bicycle lanes by providing insights into overtaking events. [from Indroduction]

As barreiras de concreto são dispositivos utilizados como componentes de segurança em rodovias, que visam absorver o choque lateral de veículos desgovernados, propiciando sua recondução à faixa de tráfego e minimizando os danos aos ocupantes do veículo. Neste trabalho é analisado o desempenho de barreiras de concreto com o uso de modelos experimentais e numéricos baseados nas recomendações das normas brasileiras e internacionais. O estudo consiste em analisar a eficiência estática e dinâmica dessas barreiras. A análise estática engloba o estudo de distribuição de tensões na barreira considerando diferentes tipos de conectores, modo de ruptura, bem como a resistência desses conectores através de ensaios experimentais. Os ensaios são realizados de acordo com os critérios estabelecidos pela norma americana AASHTO LRFD 2012. A análise numérica, realizada com o uso de software de elementos finitos LS-DYNA©, contempla a atuação da geometria e da rigidez da barreira no processo de absorção de energia de impacto entre a barreira e o veículo, a eficiência do seu redirecionamento e adequação para os níveis de contenção estabelecidos em normas internacionais. Os resultados evidenciaram que a geometria da barreira é um fator importante para o desempenho da mesma, e, também que o uso de conectores em barreiras temporárias são primordiais para o bom funcionamento do sistema de contenção. / Concrete barriers are devices used as safety components in roads, which aim at absorbing side impact of unguided vehicles, redirecting them to the traffic lane and minimizing damage to the vehicle occupants. The present work analyzes the performance of concrete barriers through experimental and numerical models based on the recommendations of the Brazilian and international standards. The study consists in analyzing the static and dynamic efficiency of these barriers. The static analysis includes determining the stress distribution and yield lines in the barrier for different types of connectors, as well as studying the resistance of these connectors by performing experimental tests; these tests were conducted according to the criteria established by the American Standard AASHTO LRFD 2012. The numerical analysis, conducted with the commercial finite element software LS-DYNA©, evaluates the effect of geometry and stiffness of the barrier on the energy absorption performance., efficiency in redirecting the vehicles and suitability for providing restraint levels established in international standards. The results showed that the geometry of the barrier is an important factor for the barrier performance. In addition, the use of connectors in temporary barriers is essential for the smooth operation of the containment system.

As barreiras de concreto são dispositivos utilizados como componentes de segurança em rodovias, que visam absorver o choque lateral de veículos desgovernados, propiciando sua recondução à faixa de tráfego e minimizando os danos aos ocupantes do veículo. Neste trabalho é analisado o desempenho de barreiras de concreto com o uso de modelos experimentais e numéricos baseados nas recomendações das normas brasileiras e internacionais. O estudo consiste em analisar a eficiência estática e dinâmica dessas barreiras. A análise estática engloba o estudo de distribuição de tensões na barreira considerando diferentes tipos de conectores, modo de ruptura, bem como a resistência desses conectores através de ensaios experimentais. Os ensaios são realizados de acordo com os critérios estabelecidos pela norma americana AASHTO LRFD 2012. A análise numérica, realizada com o uso de software de elementos finitos LS-DYNA©, contempla a atuação da geometria e da rigidez da barreira no processo de absorção de energia de impacto entre a barreira e o veículo, a eficiência do seu redirecionamento e adequação para os níveis de contenção estabelecidos em normas internacionais. Os resultados evidenciaram que a geometria da barreira é um fator importante para o desempenho da mesma, e, também que o uso de conectores em barreiras temporárias são primordiais para o bom funcionamento do sistema de contenção. / Concrete barriers are devices used as safety components in roads, which aim at absorbing side impact of unguided vehicles, redirecting them to the traffic lane and minimizing damage to the vehicle occupants. The present work analyzes the performance of concrete barriers through experimental and numerical models based on the recommendations of the Brazilian and international standards. The study consists in analyzing the static and dynamic efficiency of these barriers. The static analysis includes determining the stress distribution and yield lines in the barrier for different types of connectors, as well as studying the resistance of these connectors by performing experimental tests; these tests were conducted according to the criteria established by the American Standard AASHTO LRFD 2012. The numerical analysis, conducted with the commercial finite element software LS-DYNA©, evaluates the effect of geometry and stiffness of the barrier on the energy absorption performance., efficiency in redirecting the vehicles and suitability for providing restraint levels established in international standards. The results showed that the geometry of the barrier is an important factor for the barrier performance. In addition, the use of connectors in temporary barriers is essential for the smooth operation of the containment system.

This student thesis deals with problems of the causes of road accidents and injury in the Czech Republic, and with the possibilities of their elimination. The human is the most dangerous factor of the transportation system. This resulted in the analysis of the causes of road accidents. The safety of the human factor depends on the experience of the driver, appreciating of danger, attention paid to the driving of vehicle, and on the stress of the road-traffic. The basis of the effective accident prevention are traffic safety precautions.