Analysis of salary level & salary structure in a trade company based in Prague, comparison of salary survey results to national and European salary statistics, analysis of gender pay gap

Cuando en una empresa se produce una rotación excesiva del personal, el área de Recursos Humanos debe realizar un análisis crítico de las razones que provocaron este fenómeno y tomar las medidas necesarias para mitigar o frenar la situación. En un concepto organizacional, la rotación del personal es una medida de cuánto tiempo los empleados permanecen en la organización y con qué frecuencia deben o son reemplazados. Cada vez que un empleado se retira de la empresa, sea cualquiera el motivo, aumenta el nivel de rotación del personal, genera costos adicionales a la empresa y evidencia que los procesos de retención son infructuosos. Como explicaciones de este fenómeno, entre las causas más comunes, se encuentran la inadecuada supervisión, el clima laboral desfavorable o la falta de una política salarial. Así, la presente investigación se orientó a evaluar y proponer el diseño de un modelo de estructura salarial para una empresa del sector construcción del rubro inmobiliario, con la finalidad de reducir el incremento de la rotación de su personal y que la gestión de compensaciones cuente con una herramienta sólida que permita la selección y la retención del personal. En tal sentido, la investigación en su carácter básico y aplicado, a partir de la información recabada de la empresa en mención, así como del resultado de la entrevista al gerente general y al personal clave, posibilitó identificar que los factores que inciden efectivamente en la alta rotación del personal son la obsolescencia de los perfiles de los puestos, la falta de una definición y responsabilidades para cada puesto, la ausencia de una metodología que permita valorar los puestos en función de su contribución e impacto en la gestión del negocio, la sobrecarga laboral producida por la demora en reemplazar al personal renunciante y la carencia de alineamiento a una propuesta salarial promedio del mercado. De ese modo, al enfocarse tanto en los problemas propios del manejo interno como en la visión de los factores externos, el presente estudio permitió diseñar un modelo de estructura salarial que efectivice el proceso de compensaciones y contribuya al proceso de selección y a la retención del personal en la empresa. / When in a company there is excessive staff turnover, the Human Resources area must perform a critical analysis of the reasons that caused this phenomenon and take the necessary measures to mitigate or stop the situation. In an organizational concept, staff turnover is a measure of how long employees remain in the organization and how often they must be or are replaced. Every time an employee leaves the company, whatever the reason, increases the level of staff turnover, generates additional costs to the company and evidence that the retention processes are unsuccessful. As explanations for this phenomenon, among the most common causes are inadequate supervision, unfavorable working environment or the lack of a salary policy. Thus, this research was aimed at evaluating and proposing the design of a salary structure model for a company in the construction sector of the real estate area, with the aim of reducing the increase in the turnover of its personnel and that the compensation management has a solid tool that allows the selection and retention of personnel. In that sense, the research in its basic and applied character, based on the information collected from the aforementioned company, as well as the result of the interview with the general manager and key personnel, made it possible to identify that the factors that effectively affect the high turnover of the staff are the obsolescence of job profiles, the lack of a definition and responsibilities for each position, the absence of a methodology that allows valuing the positions based on their contribution and impact on the business management, the work overload produced by the delay in replacing the resigning staff and the lack of alignment to the market average salary Thus, by focusing both on the problems inherent to internal management and on the vision of external factors, the present study allowed the designing of a salary structure model that would make effective the compensation process and contribute to the selection process and the retention of personnel in the company. / Trabajo de investigación

Se analizan los efectos de los determinantes de la remuneración laboral en el Perú durante los años 2014 al 2017. Para ello, se enfoca esta relación desde la perspectiva del capital humano. De acuerdo a estudios previos, la educación presenta efectos heterogéneos que dependen tanto de las características del individuo, así como su contexto; dicha relación suele ser modelada con una ecuación tipo Mincer (1974), la misma que será empleada para efectos de la presente investigación, aplicada al caso peruano. Los datos son obtenidos de la Encuesta Nacional de Hogares (ENAHO) y se recurre a un modelo de regresión de Efectos Fijos. Se encontró que, en el Perú, la educación puede tener un efecto heterogéneo sobre la remuneración laboral dependiendo en que sector económico se desempeñe el individuo (ceteris paribus): para un individuo que pasa de no tener nivel educativo a tener educación técnica completa se espera que este efecto sea de, aproximadamente, 97% si labora en el sector agropecuario-pesquero; alrededor de 177% si se desempeña en el sector manufacturas y 116% en el sector servicios. Este resultado apoya la idea de que el sector económico en el que desempeña el individuo es una fuente de heterogeneidad para los efectos de la educación sobre la remuneración laboral. / The effects of the determinants of salary in Peru are analyzed for the period 2014 – 2017. In this sense, this relationship is approached from the perspective of human capital. According to previous studies, education presents heterogeneous effects that depend both on the characteristics of the individual as well as their context. This relationship is usually modeled with an equation developed by Mincer (1974), the same one that will be used for the purposes of this investigation applied to the Peruvian case. The data employed in the econometric analysis was obtained from the National Household Survey (Encuesta Nacional de Hogares in spanish) and a regression model of Fixed Effects is used. It was found that, in Peru, education can have a heterogeneous effect on labor remuneration depending on which economic sector the individual performs (ceteris paribus): for an individual who goes from not having an educational level to having a complete technical education, the expected effect should be approximately 97% if he or she works in the agricultural-fishing sector, around 177% if he or she works in the manufacturing sector and around 116% if he or she works in the service sector. This result supports the idea that the economic sector in which the individual works is a source of heterogeneity for the effects of education on labor remuneration. / Trabajo de investigación

O objetivo dessa dissertação foi analisar a existência de processos que reflitam a teoria dos torneios de promoção (tournaments) em uma instituição financeira cooperativa. Foram examinados e analisados os efeitos da avaliação de desempenho nas promoções dos empregados, sua relação com os cargos da empresa, os incentivos gerados e como se relaciona à teoria dos torneios de promoção (tournaments). A análise empírica do caso da instituição financeira cooperativa em questão aponta clara necessidade da empresa em rever seus processos de promoções, a fim de gerar os incentivos adequados aos cumprimentos dos objetivos organizacionais. Os resultados indicaram haver pouca relação da avaliação de desempenho às promoções, deixando lacunas para os empregados visualizarem suas carreiras e se motivarem a cargas maiores de esforço através da estrutura organizacional. Cabe à empresa escolher se continuará com o modelo atual ou melhorará sua lógica de promoção. / The purpose of this dissertation was to observe the existence of processes that reflect the theory of promotion (tournaments) in a cooperative financial institution. They were examined and analyzed the performance evaluation of effects on promotion of employees, the company’s positions, the generated incentives and how it relates to the tournament’s theory. The empirical analysis of the case of cooperative financial institution in question points clear need for the company to review its promotion processes in order to generate the appropriate incentives to greetings of organizational objectives. The results indicated there is little performance evaluation in relation to promotions, leaving gaps for employees visualize their careers and motivate themselves to higher levels of effort by organizational structure. The company must choose whether to continue with the current model or improve your logical promotion sketch.

O objetivo dessa dissertação foi analisar a existência de processos que reflitam a teoria dos torneios de promoção (tournaments) em uma instituição financeira cooperativa. Foram examinados e analisados os efeitos da avaliação de desempenho nas promoções dos empregados, sua relação com os cargos da empresa, os incentivos gerados e como se relaciona à teoria dos torneios de promoção (tournaments). A análise empírica do caso da instituição financeira cooperativa em questão aponta clara necessidade da empresa em rever seus processos de promoções, a fim de gerar os incentivos adequados aos cumprimentos dos objetivos organizacionais. Os resultados indicaram haver pouca relação da avaliação de desempenho às promoções, deixando lacunas para os empregados visualizarem suas carreiras e se motivarem a cargas maiores de esforço através da estrutura organizacional. Cabe à empresa escolher se continuará com o modelo atual ou melhorará sua lógica de promoção. / The purpose of this dissertation was to observe the existence of processes that reflect the theory of promotion (tournaments) in a cooperative financial institution. They were examined and analyzed the performance evaluation of effects on promotion of employees, the company’s positions, the generated incentives and how it relates to the tournament’s theory. The empirical analysis of the case of cooperative financial institution in question points clear need for the company to review its promotion processes in order to generate the appropriate incentives to greetings of organizational objectives. The results indicated there is little performance evaluation in relation to promotions, leaving gaps for employees visualize their careers and motivate themselves to higher levels of effort by organizational structure. The company must choose whether to continue with the current model or improve your logical promotion sketch.

O objetivo dessa dissertação foi analisar a existência de processos que reflitam a teoria dos torneios de promoção (tournaments) em uma instituição financeira cooperativa. Foram examinados e analisados os efeitos da avaliação de desempenho nas promoções dos empregados, sua relação com os cargos da empresa, os incentivos gerados e como se relaciona à teoria dos torneios de promoção (tournaments). A análise empírica do caso da instituição financeira cooperativa em questão aponta clara necessidade da empresa em rever seus processos de promoções, a fim de gerar os incentivos adequados aos cumprimentos dos objetivos organizacionais. Os resultados indicaram haver pouca relação da avaliação de desempenho às promoções, deixando lacunas para os empregados visualizarem suas carreiras e se motivarem a cargas maiores de esforço através da estrutura organizacional. Cabe à empresa escolher se continuará com o modelo atual ou melhorará sua lógica de promoção. / The purpose of this dissertation was to observe the existence of processes that reflect the theory of promotion (tournaments) in a cooperative financial institution. They were examined and analyzed the performance evaluation of effects on promotion of employees, the company’s positions, the generated incentives and how it relates to the tournament’s theory. The empirical analysis of the case of cooperative financial institution in question points clear need for the company to review its promotion processes in order to generate the appropriate incentives to greetings of organizational objectives. The results indicated there is little performance evaluation in relation to promotions, leaving gaps for employees visualize their careers and motivate themselves to higher levels of effort by organizational structure. The company must choose whether to continue with the current model or improve your logical promotion sketch.