A 2-year study (1976-1977) was conducted at the Safford Experiment Station, Safford, Arizona to investigate the response of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) genotypes to both non-saline and saline environments. The soil types was a Grabe Clay Loam. One environment had received only river irrigation water for the previous 10 years and throughout the experiment (non-saline environment) and the other environment had been irrigated with only well water for the previous 10 years and throughout the experiment (saline environment). Fifteen barley genotypes were grown in each environment each year. The following data were recorded for each genotype each year: (1) plant height, (2) lodging, (3) number of heads per hill, (4) number of seeds per head, (5) seed weight, (6) grain yield, (7) straw yield, (8) grain-to-straw ratio, (9) days from planting to flowering, and (10) days from flowering to maturity. The exchange capacity, soluble ions, and ESP of the soil irrigated with well water were all much higher than the exchange capacity, soluble ions, and ESP of the soil irrigated with river water. The soluble salts, calcium, magnesium, sodium, chloride, sulfate, bicarbonate, and sodium adsorption ratio were all much higher in well irrigation water than were the same chemical properties in river irrigation water. The foregoing soil and water chemical properties indicate that the non-saline environment should be much more conducive to optimum plant growth than the saline environment. Most of the barley genotypes germinated more uniformally, grew better, and produced more forage and grain in the non-saline environment than they did in the saline environment. It required a longer period for barley to reach maturity in the saline environment than it did in the non-saline environment. When the data from the two years were combined, there were positive correlations between grain yield and plant height, number of heads per unit area, and straw yield in both non-saline and saline environments. Since there were significant differences between barley genotypes in a number of growth and yield characteristics in both environments, it should be possible to develop improved barley cultivars for both non-saline and saline environments using plant breeding techniques.