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A novel hybrid ion exchange/nanofiltration process for water desalinationAl Abdulgader, Hasan January 2014 (has links)
This PhD thesis proposes a new and possibly cheaper method to desalinate saline water. The method involves utilisation of ion exchange (IX) and nanofiltration (NF) technologies as one hybrid system.
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Electrohydrodynamic (EHD) desalination of sea waterChen, Yuanhong January 1992 (has links)
The distillation of sea water is of importance for the future demands for potable water and other uses in the world. A novel technique, based on electrohydrodynamic (EHD) principles, was used in this realm to desalinate artificial sea water of 3.3% (w/V) concentration. A single point corona electrode was operated at a potential of 5.3 kV (maximum output current 0.3 mA), and was installed one cm over the surface of sea water. The flux of air ions was about 3.0 $ times$ 10$ sp{12}$ cm$ sp{-2}$ s$ sp{-1}$ which produced an average electric wind of 1.72 m s$ sp{-1}$ at the sea water surface. Space charge from a corona electrode generated forces in the media to enhance the evaporation rate by about a factor of three compared with a control freely evaporating sea water. Water vapour was condensed and the condensate's purity was evaluated by chemical and physical analyses. Electrical conductivity and pH of the EHD distillate were found to be 14 $ mu$S cm$ sp{-1}$ and 5.5, respectively. In the absence of Joule heating, the energy required for EHD-distillation was comparable to the latent heat of vaporization of 2.3 $ times$ 10$ sp3$ kJ kg$ sp{-1}$ for water. The steady-state temperature of EHD solution was below that of the corresponding unventilated freely evaporating sea water. Electric wind caused by the ionic drag is considered to be the principal driving force for the enhancement.
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An optimization study of vapour compression desalination.Ghosh, Prabir Kumar. January 1970 (has links)
No description available.
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Water purification by reverse osmosis.Lising, Edouard Regis. January 1971 (has links)
No description available.
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Extraction of zinc from sea waterBuffo, Lynn Karen 10 May 1967 (has links)
A liquid-extraction procedure for the concentration of zinc in
sea water was developed. The metal ion in sea water was chelated
with sodium diethyldithiocarbamate and extracted into an organic
solvent, methylisobutylketone, at the normal pH of sea water. A
back-extraction into HCl followed, providing a concentration of 30X
for the entire procedure.
Filtration was introduced into the procedure to insure that only
dissolved forms were extracted and that no influence from particulate
matter would be detected. Problems of loss of zinc and/or
contamination arose. These were overcome to a great extent by
washing all glassware, including the sinterred-glass filter holder,
in nitric acid and by following the filtration through the glass holder
with an acid rinse. Purification of reagents was found necessary.
With replicate analyses on a given sea water source, the
recovery was 97 ± 2%. Upon making varying standard additions to
subsamples of sea water, the calculated recovery was 97 ± 5.4%.
The contamination figure for the extraction process ranged from
zero to 0.8 ppb in the original sea water sample. With filtration,
an overall median contamination of 1.4 ± 1 ppb was determined. / Graduation date: 1967
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Desalination by salt replacement and ultrafiltrationMuller, Anthony B. January 1974 (has links) (PDF)
Thesis (M.S. - Hydrology and Water Resources)--University of Arizona. / Includes bibliographical references.
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Solar evaporation of saline water under vacuumShaheen, Esber I. January 1964 (has links) (PDF)
Thesis (M.S.- Chemical Engineering)--University of Arizona. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 98-101).
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Desalination using low grade heat sourcesGude, Veera Gnaneswar, January 2007 (has links) (PDF)
Thesis (Ph.D.)--New Mexico State University, 2007. / Adviser: N. Nirmalakhandan. Includes bibliographical references.
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Pressure drops along the bores of hollow fibre membranes their measurement, prediction and effect on fibre bundle performance /Yüceer, Ahmet. January 1985 (has links)
Thesis (Ph.D.) - University of Glasgow, 1985. / BLL : D80152. Ph.D. thesis submitted to the Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Glasgow, 1985. Includes bibliographical references. Print version also available.
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Seawater distillation through solar evaporationLourens, Christo Le Roux January 2007 (has links)
Thesis (MTech (Mechanical Engineering))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, 2007 / An investigation was performed into a new desalination plant operating on the
principles of distillation through the utilisation of solar energy only. The need for
such a system is due to the high energy requirements of current large scale
desalination systems and that, in the future, more and more desalinated water will be
required to sustain life in certain areas.
A conceptual design of such a plant was completed and it proved its feasibility by
providing an in depth explanation of the principles that govern its operation. A
computer model, in the form of a MathCAD program, was developed to simulating
this process flow. The accuracy of the program was investigated with the help of a
pilot plant. It is shown that such a full scale plant would produce, in the region of
Saldanha Bay, a town on the Western Coast of South Africa, 5000m3 ofpotable water
a day with a solar absorption/evaporation area of 1,87knlrequiring only 1,75kWh per
cubic meter of water produced. Its electrical energy requirements can be provided
using solar panels allowing the plant to remain independent of external electrical
supplies. This electrical energy requirement is less than 33% of the least energy
intensive alternative method, reverse osmosis.
Since the production rate is dependent on the absorption/evaporation area the plant
can be scaled to fit the specific production rate required.
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