Sessile invertebrates in the rocky intertidal experience intermittent periods of air exposure due to tidal flux, presenting risks of temperature extremes, hypoxia, nutrient limitation, and most dangerously, desiccation. Microscale variation in severity and frequency of these risks is widely dependent on vertical position within the intertidal zone. Common acorn barnacles (Balanus glandula) have a wide vertical distribution in the intertidal, creating large differences in microhabitat between the highest and lowest individuals in the population. This study set out to explore whether tidal position dependent differences exist in the response to oxygen and desiccation stress in B. glandula. We hypothesized that B. glandula from relatively high tidal heights, which are exposed to the air for a greater duration, will be better suited to tolerate anoxic and desiccation stress than conspecifics from lower tidal heights. To explore this, we compared responses of B. glandula collected from high and low intertidal positions to A) anoxia (0 mg O2/L) and hypoxia (≤ 2 mg O2/L) on survival, behavior (closed opercular plates, cirral beating, pneumostome formation), enzyme activity (lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), superoxide dismutase (SOD)), and tissue-lactate accumulation, in addition to B) the effects of humid (98% RH) and dry (32% RH) air emersion (at 17˚C) on survival, opercular behavior (open/closed), evaporative water loss (EWL) rates, and tissue-lactate accumulation. Relative to barnacles from the low intertidal, we found that barnacles from the high intertidal survive longer during anoxia and air emersion stress, close their operculum sooner in dry air, lose more water during air exposure at any humidity level, and tend to accumulate less D-lactate. We suspect that high intertidal B. glandula can survive desiccation longer by ejecting stores of mantle cavity fluid, thereby creating a moist lung-like, air-filled internal environment, then remaining largely closed and metabolically inactive when in air to avoid drying out and becoming anoxic. These differences may reflect plasticity or selective pressure in response to environmental stress during development and highlight the potential importance of microscale stress heterogeneity in influencing species climate change tolerance and potential distribution patterns.

Submitted by Maria Aparecida (cidazen@gmail.com) on 2017-04-12T13:19:27Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Jadeylson ferreira.pdf: 7872774 bytes, checksum: d317110bb9cada61e97d1ce7a7475d42 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-12T13:19:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Jadeylson ferreira.pdf: 7872774 bytes, checksum: d317110bb9cada61e97d1ce7a7475d42 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-26 / This dissertation is embedded in socio-environmental conflicts and object the experience of political mobilization of the cashew tree located in the village Rural II of São Luís do Maranhão, in the neighborhood of the complex Port of Saint Louis. Analyzes the resistance movement of the village threatened by the installation of the port Terminal of Saint Louis, the WRP Management company of ports and terminals LTDA. in this context, the study attempts to reconstruct the process of resistance that generated a series of class-action suits from alliances made with neighbouring settlements, institutions linked to the Federal University of Maranhão, Church Catholic actors local politicians, social movements and entities. The analysis turns to the issue of arena, mediated by power relations about space in dispute, having as focus, the proposed installation of the extractive reserve of Tauá-Mirim. Still, the analysis considers the repertories of collective action, accumulated by the actors throughout the process of social resistance in areas threatened by the process of expansion of logistics infrastructure describing the forms of action employed between the months of July 2014 and February 2015. 15 meetings were analysed, 03 public hearings, 04 08 interviews and demonstrations. In addition to magazines, reports, production reports, newspapers, TV programs, and master plan documents on the legal question of the cashew tree. We tried to give visibility to forms of mobilisation of actors and their performances that revealed the importance of movement formed around the community. / Esta tesis doctoral está incrustada en los conflictos socio-ambientales y objeto de la experiencia de movilización política del árbol de nuez de la India situado en el pueblo II rural de São Luís do Maranhão, en el barrio del complejo Puerto de Saint Louis. Analiza el movimiento de resistencia del pueblo amenazado por la instalación del puerto Terminal de San Luis, la empresa WRP de puertos y terminales LTDA en este contexto, el estudio intenta reconstruir el proceso de resistencia que genera una serie de acción de clase se adapte de alianzas con asentamientos vecinos, instituciones vinculadas a la Universidad Federal de Maranhão, iglesia Actores Católicos locales políticos, movimientos sociales y entidades. El análisis se convierte en el tema de la arena, mediado por relaciones de poder sobre el espacio en disputa, después de haber como enfoque, la instalación de la reserva extractivista de Tauá-Mirim. Aún así, el análisis considera los repertorios de acción colectiva, acumulada por los actores durante el proceso de resistencia social en las zonas amenazadas por el proceso de expansión de la infraestructura logística que describe las formas de acción empleada entre los meses de julio de 2014 y de 2015 de febrero. se analizaron 15 reuniones, 03 audiencias públicas, 04 08 entrevistas y demostraciones. Además de revistas, informes, reportes de producción, periódicos, programas de TV y documentos del plan maestro sobre la cuestión jurídica del árbol de la nuez de la India. Hemos tratado de dar visibilidad a las formas de movilización de actores y sus performances que revelaron la importancia del movimiento formado alrededor de la comunidad. / Esta dissertação está inserida na temática dos conflitos socioambientais e tem como objeto a experiência de mobilização política do povoado Cajueiro localizado na Zona Rural II do município de São Luís do Maranhão, nas circunvizinhanças do Complexo Portuário de São Luís. Analisa o movimento de resistência do referido povoado ameaçado pela instalação do Terminal Portuário de São Luís, da empresa WPR Gestão de Portos e Terminais LTDA. Nesse contexto, o estudo tenta reconstruir o processo de resistência que gerou uma série de ações coletivas a partir de alianças realizadas com povoados vizinhos, instituições ligadas à Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Igreja Católica, atores políticos locais, movimentos sociais e entidades. A análise se volta para a questão da arena, mediado por relações de poder sobre o espaço em disputa, tendo como enfoque, a proposta de instalação da Reserva Extrativista de Tauá-Mirim. Considera, ainda, na análise os repertórios de ação coletivas, acumulados pelos atores sociais ao longo do processo de resistência nos territórios ameaçados pelo processo de expansão da infraestrutura de logística descrevendo as formas de ação empregadas entre os meses de julho de 2014 e fevereiro de 2015. Foram analisadas 15 reuniões, 03 audiências públicas, 04 manifestações e realizada 08 entrevistas. Além de revistas, informes, relatórios de produção, jornais, programas de TV, plano mestre e documentos jurídicos sobre a questão do Cajueiro. Procurou-se dar visibilidade às formas de mobilização dos atores e suas atuações que revelaram a importância do movimento que se formou em torno da comunidade.

Thesis (M.A.)--Florida State University, 2009. / Advisor: Ned Stuckey-French, Florida State University, College of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of English. Title and description from dissertation home page (viewed Aug. 18, 2009). Includes bibliographical references. Text also available via Internet in PDF format. Document formatted into pages; contains viii, 60 pages.

In the San Dimas district, on the western flank of the Sierra Madre Occidental, near the small town of Tayoltita, Durango, gold and silver epithermal ore deposits are mined from the complex Arana fault system. The structural relationships of the Tayoltita system are well-mapped, but their kinematic relationship to ore deposition is unclear. In plan view and in cross-section, the Arana system has a horsetail or wedge-shaped geometry. Subsurface mapping of slickenside striae as movement indicators suggest that the N13°W-striking Arana fault, forming the eastern boundary of the system, is a normal slip fault with at least 250 m of throw. Subsidiary system faults display normal separation with varying degrees of dextral horizontal separation (which is a function of fault orientation). Experimental modeling of the Arana system indicated that the system formed under simple shear as the σ₂ and σ₃ stress axes rotated in a subhorizontal plane about σ₁. Rotational strain caused the developing fault strands to rotate and to be captured by the Arana fault, forming the typical wedge-shaped geometry. Later, a more complex rotation of the three major stress axes enabled hydrothermal fluids to progressively mineralize faults, which had more northerly strikes, by a process similar to progressive strain. This is documented by mineral assemblages that record the instants of fault opening and by the lack of mineralization along the high-angle, northwest- striking faults.

A numerical model for the NCMA aquifer complex is presented. The objective of the study is to develop a numerical groundwater model for the NCMA aquifer system to enhance the understanding of subsurface groundwater flow. Infiltration, streamflow, pumping, and return flows are implemented to characterize the aquifer complex over time. The numerical model is calibrated to municipal and monitoring well data, average monthly water balances, and hydraulic contours. Transient aquifer inflows and outflows are assessed in the results of the study and are compared to balance terms from previous studies. The 2007 Todd Engineers Study subsurface inflows and outflows generate well hydrographs that have greater heads than observed data. Calibration to well hydrographs generated increased subsurface outflow values and decreased subsurface inflow values. It is possible that approximately 250 AFY is leaving aquifer storage.