This paper bring up informations for an integrated analysis relating phytodiversity to the system of hydrologic pulses in the riverside lakes of the Santa Maria River, near to the Marechal José de Abreu bridge of BR-290, in Rosário do Sul City, in Rio Grande do Sul. The intention is verify the relation between the vegetable formations established in this lakes, through their functional characters, with the river pulses system. The functional characters are a group of variables that, independent of the taxonomic classification, have a similarity and can be an answer from the plants to the ecosystem effects. In other hand the hydrologic system, that are the period formed from each flood and dry phase, is the main force responsible for the essential conditions to maintenance of the riverside ecosystems. In the field were realized measurements of the functional characters, life formations and altimetric quotas. In the National Water Agency (Agência Nacional de Águas ANA) website was found the historic series of quotas of the hydrologic section of reference. After preliminary process, the data were processed in the softwares IHA, MULTIV and SYNCSA. It was found correlation that prove the hypothesis that the functional characters of the existing vegetation on the riverside lakes were related to the hydroecologic variables selected by the connection of the River with these lakes. / Este trabalho levantou informações para uma análise integrada relacionando fitodiversidade ao regime de pulsos hidrológicos em lagos marginais na margem direita do Rio Santa Maria, próximos à ponte Marechal José de Abreu da BR-290, na cidade de Rosário do Sul, no estado do Rio Grande do Sul. A intenção é verificar a relação entre a formação vegetal estabelecida nestes lagos, através de seus caracteres funcionais, com o regime de pulsos do rio. Os caracteres funcionais são um conjunto de traços/variáveis que, independente da classificação taxonômica, possuem uma similaridade e podem ser uma resposta das plantas aos efeitos do ecossistema. Já os pulsos hidrológicos, que são o período composto por cada fase de inundação e de seca, é a principal força responsável pelas condições essenciais para a manutenção dos ecossistemas ribeirinhos. A campo foram realizados levantamentos dos caracteres funcionais, formas de vida e cotas altimétricas. No site da Agência Nacional de Águas foi obtida a série histórica de cotas da seção hidrológica de referência. Após pré-processos, os dados foram trabalhados nos softwares IHA, MULTIV e SYNCSA. Foi encontrada uma correlação que comprova a hipótese de que os caracteres funcionais da vegetação existente nos lagos marginais estariam relacionados com as variáveis hidroecológicas selecionadas através da conexão do rio com estes lagos.

The archaeological record indicates that there are differences in Viejo period (A.D. 700 or 900-1200/1250) and Medio period (A.D. 1200/1250-1400s) agricultural strategies and settlement distribution between the Casas Grandes River basin in northern Chihuahua and the Babícora Basin and upper Santa María River basin area in west central Chihuahua. During the Viejo period in the Casas Grandes region temporal, rainfed, agriculture is proposed and only a few settlements are associated with this system. In the Medio period irrigation and trincheras (stone terraces) were implemented increasing the land’s ability to support large populations and numerous settlements were aggregated around fields associated with these methods. For the latter two regions temporal agriculture is posited for both the Viejo and Medio periods. While populations thrived, the numerous settlements in each area are not aggregated but rather are dispersed across the landscape and on various topographic features. The objectives of this thesis were to investigate environmental and cultural influences as explanatory factors for the regional differences. Current environmental data indicate that the combinations of annual precipitation, soil types, and hydrology determine whether temporal or irrigation agriculture is possible. Temporal agriculture is not a viable option for the Casas Grandes region but irrigation is. The conditions in the Babícora Basin and the upper Santa María River basin are conducive to temporal farming while water for irrigation is not easily attainable. In that paleoenvironmental data demonstrate the antiquity of current environments then the agricultural options would have been similar in the past. Together, the archaeological and ethnographic data demonstrate the longevity of temporal agriculture in these areas. How temporal agriculture can be achieved and sustained is demonstrated in the tradition-based practices of modern farmers. The agency of modern farmers can be used as an analogy for agency in the past. When tested against the archaeological record the postulated temporal system and associated settlement patterns are indicative of a domesticated landscape structured for planting flexibility.

The archaeological record indicates that there are differences in Viejo period (A.D. 700 or 900-1200/1250) and Medio period (A.D. 1200/1250-1400s) agricultural strategies and settlement distribution between the Casas Grandes River basin in northern Chihuahua and the Babícora Basin and upper Santa María River basin area in west central Chihuahua. During the Viejo period in the Casas Grandes region temporal, rainfed, agriculture is proposed and only a few settlements are associated with this system. In the Medio period irrigation and trincheras (stone terraces) were implemented increasing the land’s ability to support large populations and numerous settlements were aggregated around fields associated with these methods. For the latter two regions temporal agriculture is posited for both the Viejo and Medio periods. While populations thrived, the numerous settlements in each area are not aggregated but rather are dispersed across the landscape and on various topographic features. The objectives of this thesis were to investigate environmental and cultural influences as explanatory factors for the regional differences. Current environmental data indicate that the combinations of annual precipitation, soil types, and hydrology determine whether temporal or irrigation agriculture is possible. Temporal agriculture is not a viable option for the Casas Grandes region but irrigation is. The conditions in the Babícora Basin and the upper Santa María River basin are conducive to temporal farming while water for irrigation is not easily attainable. In that paleoenvironmental data demonstrate the antiquity of current environments then the agricultural options would have been similar in the past. Together, the archaeological and ethnographic data demonstrate the longevity of temporal agriculture in these areas. How temporal agriculture can be achieved and sustained is demonstrated in the tradition-based practices of modern farmers. The agency of modern farmers can be used as an analogy for agency in the past. When tested against the archaeological record the postulated temporal system and associated settlement patterns are indicative of a domesticated landscape structured for planting flexibility.

The archaeological record indicates that there are differences in Viejo period (A.D. 700 or 900-1200/1250) and Medio period (A.D. 1200/1250-1400s) agricultural strategies and settlement distribution between the Casas Grandes River basin in northern Chihuahua and the Babícora Basin and upper Santa María River basin area in west central Chihuahua. During the Viejo period in the Casas Grandes region temporal, rainfed, agriculture is proposed and only a few settlements are associated with this system. In the Medio period irrigation and trincheras (stone terraces) were implemented increasing the land’s ability to support large populations and numerous settlements were aggregated around fields associated with these methods. For the latter two regions temporal agriculture is posited for both the Viejo and Medio periods. While populations thrived, the numerous settlements in each area are not aggregated but rather are dispersed across the landscape and on various topographic features. The objectives of this thesis were to investigate environmental and cultural influences as explanatory factors for the regional differences. Current environmental data indicate that the combinations of annual precipitation, soil types, and hydrology determine whether temporal or irrigation agriculture is possible. Temporal agriculture is not a viable option for the Casas Grandes region but irrigation is. The conditions in the Babícora Basin and the upper Santa María River basin are conducive to temporal farming while water for irrigation is not easily attainable. In that paleoenvironmental data demonstrate the antiquity of current environments then the agricultural options would have been similar in the past. Together, the archaeological and ethnographic data demonstrate the longevity of temporal agriculture in these areas. How temporal agriculture can be achieved and sustained is demonstrated in the tradition-based practices of modern farmers. The agency of modern farmers can be used as an analogy for agency in the past. When tested against the archaeological record the postulated temporal system and associated settlement patterns are indicative of a domesticated landscape structured for planting flexibility. / Graduate Studies, College of (Okanagan) / Graduate