Submitted by Gabriela Lopes (gmachadolopesufpel@gmail.com) on 2018-07-03T16:39:02Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Gustavo_Zimmer_Dissertação_Catalogação.pdf: 1106759 bytes, checksum: 7714dca31f798f6012bb32f70cb69db0 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Aline Batista (alinehb.ufpel@gmail.com) on 2018-07-11T11:48:04Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Gustavo_Zimmer_Dissertação_Catalogação.pdf: 1106759 bytes, checksum: 7714dca31f798f6012bb32f70cb69db0 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Aline Batista (alinehb.ufpel@gmail.com) on 2018-07-11T11:50:44Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Gustavo_Zimmer_Dissertação_Catalogação.pdf: 1106759 bytes, checksum: 7714dca31f798f6012bb32f70cb69db0 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-11T12:00:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Gustavo_Zimmer_Dissertação_Catalogação.pdf: 1106759 bytes, checksum: 7714dca31f798f6012bb32f70cb69db0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-03 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / O objetivo foi avaliar o desempenho de sementes comerciais e salvas de soja e seus impactos técnicos e econômicos. Foram realizados cinco experimentos no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul utilizando sementes salvas e comerciais onde avaliou-se a qualidade das sementes, estande de plantas, percentual de múltiplos e de falhas, percentual da área com falhas, coeficiente de variação dos espaçamentos, índice de precisão e produtividade de grãos. A partir dos resultados foram calculados o retorno sobre o investimento e o acréscimo em renda, produção total, valor adicionado, postos de trabalho, ICMS e impostos totais arrecadados e o acréscimo nos valores gerados pela ligação para frente do setor agricultura, silvicultura e exploração florestal para as economias do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul e para o Brasil. Sementes comerciais tendem a apresentar maior estande de plantas e percentual de múltiplos e menor percentual de falhas e de área com falhas. O coeficiente de variação e o índice de precisão não foram eficazes em detectar diferenças de qualidade física e fisiológica entre os lotes. Sementes comerciais tendem a apresentar maior produtividade, a diferença média entre sementes comerciais sob tratamento industrial e sementes salvas sob tratamento On Farm foi de 295 kg ha-1. Quanto aos impactos econômicos, houve um incremento de renda de R$1,03 bilhão e o retorno sobre o investimento foi de 7,04. Os benefícios totais calculados para a economia brasileira foram de R$ 1,594 bilhão na produção total, de R$ 763,2 milhões no valor adicionado, de 39,6 mil postos de trabalho, de R$ 330,7 milhões na renda, de 86,0 milhões no ICMS e de R$ 157,3 milhões em impostos totais arrecadados e de R$ 4,1 bilhões na ligação para frente do setor agricultura, silvicultura e exploração florestal. Sementes comerciais aumentam a produtividade de grãos e a renda dos agricultores, apresentam elevado retorno sobre o investimento e benefícios significativos para a economia. / The aim was to evaluate the performance of saved and commercial soybean seeds and their technical and economic impacts. Five experiments were performed in the State of Rio Grande do Sul using saved and commercial seeds where the seed quality, plant stand, percentage of doubles and skips, percentage of the area with skips, coefficient of variation of spacings, precision index and yield were evaluated. From the results the return on investment, the increase in income, total production, economic added value, job positions, ICMS (sales and services tax) and total taxes collected and the increase in the values generated by the forward linkage of agriculture, forestry and lumbering for the economies of the State of Rio Grande do Sul and for Brazil were calculated. Commercial seeds tend to present greater plant stand and percentage of doubles and lower skip and skip area percentages. The coefficient of variation of spacings and precision index were not effective in detecting differences in physical and physiological quality of seed lots. Commercial seeds tend to present greater yield where the mean difference between commercial seeds under industrial seed treatment and saved seeds under ‘On Farm’ seed treatment was of 295 kg ha-1. Regarding the economic impacts, there was an increase in income of R$1.03 billion and a return on investment was of 7.04. The total benefits calculated for the Brazilian economy were of R$1.594 billion in total production, R$763.2 million in the added value, 39.6 thousand job positions, R$330.7 million in income, R$86 million in ICMS and of total taxes collected and of R$4.1 billion in the forward linkage of the agriculture, forestry and lumbering sector. Commercial seeds increase grain yield and the income of farmers, have a high return on investment and significant benefits for the economy.

The majority of wheat research in the world and in Canada is conducted by the public sector. The government of Canada has introduced legislation to update its plant breeder’s rights (PBR) legislation, making Canada compliant with the International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants (UPOV) 91 convention, with the goal to stimulate private investment in wheat variety research. International experience with UPOV 91 reveals a wide range of outcomes depending on the specific royalty setting mechanisms allowed within their domestic legislation. This thesis compares Canada’s existing policy to three very different international examples (France, United Kingdom, and Australia) of UPOV 91 compliant royalty collection systems for wheat. The model presented is one of a monopolistic competitive wheat-breeding industry with the introduction of a new certified seed variety. Farmers have the option to use farm saved seed (FSS) or certified seed on their farm. The additional economic benefit created from the innovation and its distribution is analyzed and interpreted for both, farmers (social benefit) and breeders (private benefit). The results of the analysis show that while each UPOV 91 compliant model generates more revenue for farmers and breeders than Canada’s current policy, they tend to generate less than expected revenue in the short-run. If a country has strong intellectual property rights (IPRs), it will attract some domestic and foreign investment and possibly a beneficial collaboration between the public, private, and producer sector, also known as P4 (public-private-producer-partnerships).