<p>The building was selected for a detailed study of heating consumption that is located in the city of Gävle and the top fifth energy consumption in this city in 2006. Classrooms, workshops, offices and a restaurant with kitchen compose the building of two floors.The aim of this thesis is to design the best approach to reduce consumption and achieve a high efficiency of energy utilization in these companies. The project is going to optimize the system.Series of measurements are taken to achieve the heat losses. The heat losses are calculated through the building in the first step. Afterwards, with the result of ventilation, heating and electrical usage an energy balance is made to calculate the efficiency of the installation through the building envelop.It is to study the indoor climate within a building, as well as energy consumption for the entire building. In addition, it is also used to measure the temperature of ventilation systems and check the schedule of air supply.Analyze the result of the value that is measured. Improve some part of this building that reduces the heating consumption.At last give some suggestion like construction a new roof reduce the heat loss and change some door that is not correct in the building.</p>

The building was selected for a detailed study of heating consumption that is located in the city of Gävle and the top fifth energy consumption in this city in 2006. Classrooms, workshops, offices and a restaurant with kitchen compose the building of two floors.The aim of this thesis is to design the best approach to reduce consumption and achieve a high efficiency of energy utilization in these companies. The project is going to optimize the system.Series of measurements are taken to achieve the heat losses. The heat losses are calculated through the building in the first step. Afterwards, with the result of ventilation, heating and electrical usage an energy balance is made to calculate the efficiency of the installation through the building envelop.It is to study the indoor climate within a building, as well as energy consumption for the entire building. In addition, it is also used to measure the temperature of ventilation systems and check the schedule of air supply.Analyze the result of the value that is measured. Improve some part of this building that reduces the heating consumption.At last give some suggestion like construction a new roof reduce the heat loss and change some door that is not correct in the building.

This paper is presenting the application of Power Regenerative Boom(PRB) system to excavator. In order to increase the fuel efficiency of the excavator, potential energy of the front structure is recuperated by the hydraulic hybrid system with electric-hydraulic control, during boom down motion. Charged energy into accumulator is reused after boom down motion, the pressurized oil goes to hydraulic motor. The hydraulic motor is mounted on the engine PTO(Power Take-Off), therefore output torque of the hydraulic motor assists the diesel engine directy, it leads to decrease fuel consumption of diesel engine. After the system design and simulation investigation, the presented system was installed into Doosan’s 38ton excavator, DX380LC-3 model, and the energy saving result was verified by a digging and dumping repetition test. The test result shows that fuel consumption was dramatically decreased by 5.0 L/hr compared to the standard DX380LC-3.

The aim of this master's thesis is elaborating energy audit within current notice 480/2012. The first part of master's thesis deals about history of distrit heating, methods of connection handover, advantages and disadvantages of district heating.The second part analyses consuption energy of assessing bulding. The third part is energy audit.

The diploma thesis deals with the energy audit of administrative building. In the theoretical part I described the heat pumps. In a calculated part I proposed austerity measures and created of them saving variant. I chose the most suitable variant and assess it from an economic and ecological point of view. In the third part, I use the calculation program to optimize the building.

This diploma thesis is dealing with energy audit of industrial building with administration part, situated in Blansko, South Moravia region. The theoretical part is focused to windows from the energy balance point of view, because one of the energy saving measures is the change of current insufficient window filling. The main objective of this diploma thesis is to find the most energy saving variant which is going to be evaluated from the both, ecological and economical, aspect. The third part is dedicated to usage of computer technology as software for 3D model creating of assessed building or energy consumption simulation for particular systems as heating in relation to characters of different kinds of windows.

Existen muchos trabajos relacionados con el diseño y desarrollo de nodos sensores, donde se presentan gran variedad de aplicaciones. Las redes de sensores inalámbricos pueden facilitarnos y mejorar algunos aspectos de nuestra vida diaria. Es fácil, pensar que si este tipo de dispositivo es tan beneficioso para nosotros y para el entorno donde vivimos, su precio debería ser relativamente barato. Pero podemos comprobar que esto no es así. ¿Por qué estos dispositivos son tan caros? ¿Sería posible desarrollar dispositivos con las mismas capacidades y precios más económicos? ¿Cómo puedo fabricar mis nodos sensores de bajo coste? Esta tesis responde a estas preguntas y muestra algunas de las muchas aplicaciones que los nodos sensores pueden tener. En esta tesis hemos propuesto (e implementado en algunos casos) el desarrollo de nodos sensores para la monitorización del medio, a partir de dispositivos de bajo coste. Para la implementación de un nodo sensor, y en definitiva la red que une a todos estos nodos, es importante conocer el medio donde trabajarán. A lo largo de este documento se presentan las investigaciones llevadas a cabo para el desarrollo de sensores en tres ámbitos de aplicación. En el primero de ellos, se desarrollan dispositivos multisenores para la monitorización del medio. La aplicación de las redes de sensores inalámbricas al medio natural, precisa un estudio de cómo se ven afectadas las señales, en función de la distancia, vegetación, humedad del ambiente, etc. Focalizamos nuestros desarrollos en la verificación de incendios en zonas rurales y en el control de plagas en viñedos donde la detección precoz de estos eventos genera elevados ahorros económicos. También proponemos el desarrollo de una red de collares sensores para ganado domestico, que nos ayudará a reducir y prevenir en muchos casos, los ataques de lobos y hurtos de crías. Por último, dentro de este grupo, presentamos una red permite detectar anomalía de los materiales en edificios y red de sensores que nos permite monitorizar las personas mayores o deficientes, que se mueven junto con un grupo, en una excursión o actividad. El segundo grupo de aplicaciones, hace referencia a la monitorización de espacios en entornos de interior. Para ello hemos analizado el comportamiento de las señales inalámbricas en diferentes escenarios. Los resultados, nos han permitido extraer un nuevo método de diseño de las redes inalámbricas en interiores. Nuestro método, permite definir la mejor ubicación de los dispositivos de red y nodos sensores en interiores con un ahorro en el número de sensores del 15%. Por último, se presenta el estudio sobre las comunicaciones subacuáticas basadas en las ondas electromagnéticas donde analizamos la dependencia de las comunicaciones subacuáticas en agua dulce en función de la frecuencia, temperatura, tasas de transferencia de datos y modulación. Relacionado con el medio subacuático, presentamos 2 propuestas. La primera de ellas hace referencia a la implementación de una red de sensores para granjas marinas que nos permite reducir la cantidad de residuos depositados en el lecho marino y reducir el porcentaje de comida desperdiciada. La segunda propuesta es el desarrollo de dos sensores oceanográficos que nos permitirían controlar la cantidad de comida y heces depositadas en el suelo y controlar la turbidez del agua de manera muy simple y económica Todos estos desarrollos y propuestas, han estado precedidos por un exhaustivo estudio sobre los problemas energéticos que las redes de sensores inalámbricas presentan y las técnicas que pueden emplearse, para prolongar la vida útil de la red y mejorar su estabilidad. / There are many works related to the design and development of sensor nodes which present several applications. Wireless sensor networks can facilitate and improve some aspects of our daily lives. It is easy to think that if this type of device is so beneficial to us and to our environment, its price should be relatively cheap. But we can see that this is not true. Why these devices are so expensive? Would it be possible to develop devices with the same capabilities and lower prices? How can I make my low-cost sensor nodes? This dissertation answers these questions and shows some of the many applications that sensor nodes may have. In this dissertation, we propose (and implement in some cases) the development of sensor nodes for environmental monitoring, from low-cost devices. For the implementation of a sensor node and network which joins all these nodes, it is important to know the environment where they will work. Throughout this dissertation, we present the research carried out for the development of sensors in three main application areas. In the first of these areas, we present multisensor devices developed for environmental monitoring. The application of wireless sensor networks to the environment requires a study of how signals are affected depending on the distance, vegetation, ambient humidity, etc. We focus our developments on the fire detection in rural areas and on the control of pests in vineyards where the early detection of these events generates high economic savings. We also propose the development of a sensor network which will help us to reduce and prevent wolves¿ attacks and theft in livestock. Finally, within this group, we present a network to detect material anomalies in building and a sensor network which allows us to monitor the elderly or disabled people who move along with a group on a tour or activity. The second group of applications is related to the monitoring of spaces in indoor environments. For this, we analyze the behavior of wireless signals in different scenarios. These results allowed us to extract a new method for designing wireless networks in indoor environments. Our method allows defining the best location of network devices and sensor nodes indoors saving 15% of the sensors needed. Finally, we present a study on underwater freshwater communications based on electromagnetic waves, where we analyze the dependency of underwater communications as a function of working frequency, temperature, data transfer rates and modulation. Related to underwater environment, we present two proposals. First one refers to the implementation of a sensor network for marine farms which allows us to reduce the amount of waste deposited on the seabed and reduce the percentage of wasted food. The second proposal is the development of two oceanographic sensors which allow us to control the amount of food and feces deposited in seabed and the water turbidity control in a very simple and inexpensive way. All these developments and proposals have been preceded by a comprehensive study on the energy problems in wireless sensor networks. We have also presented several techniques which can be used to prolong the network lifetime and improve its stability. / Sendra Compte, S. (2013). Deployment of Efficient Wireless Sensor Nodes for Monitoring in Rural, Indoor and Underwater Environments [Tesis doctoral]. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/32279

Being the major energy consumer of electricity and natural gas, buildings consume more than 70% of electricity and 30% of natural gas. On the way to green buildings and zero energy buildings, investigation and improvement of energy efficiency of the buildings will result in significant reductions in energy demands and CO2 emissions / make cost savings and improve thermal comfort as well. Key steps of a successful green, energy efficient building can be summarized as whole building design, site design, building envelope design, lighting and day lighting design and HVAC system design. Energy Plus&reg / software is mainly developed to simulate the performance of the buildings in the view of the above listed points. The design of a building or the analysis of an existing building with the software will show how efficient the building is or will be, and also helps finding the best efficient choice of the whole building system. Thesis focuses on the effect of changes in building envelope properties. In Turkey, topic of green buildings has recently started to be studied. Therefore, this thesis aims to present efficient technologies providing energy savings in buildings, to present green building concept and alternative energy simulation software. In the context of this study, design, methods and material guidelines are introduced to reduce energy needs of buildings and to bring in the green building design concept. Building and system parameters to enhance building energy efficiency and energy savings together with green building principles are summarized. Moreover, whole building energy analysis methods and simulation steps are explained / year-round simulation is performed for a sample building / as a result, energy savings about 36% is achieved.

This thesis solves assessment and project insulation of a block of flats in Trebic, on the expenses related to its operation. In the theoretical part of thesis are given the reasons for thermal insulation of buildings, requirements in terms of energy intensity of buildings, static and fire safety for insulation of buildings. In the practical part, the current state of the block of flats is evaluated from a thermal-technical point of view, three new thermal insulation options are proposed, their evaluation and their return time calculated.

This diploma thesis describes possibilities of thermal insulation of a detached house and choice optimization of insulating materials especially based on economic and ecologic factors. The thesis describes basic physical effects that are associated with heat transfer and that should be respected in insulation design. These effects influence the choice of suitable insulating materials based on their properties.