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Affordable and Scalable Manufacturing of Wearable Multi-Functional Sensory “Skin” for Internet of Everything ApplicationsNassar, Joanna M. 10 1900 (has links)
Demand for wearable electronics is expected to at least triple by 2020, embracing all sorts of Internet of Everything (IoE) applications, such as activity tracking, environmental mapping, and advanced healthcare monitoring, in the purpose of enhancing the quality of life. This entails the wide availability of free-form multifunctional sensory systems (i.e “skin” platforms) that can conform to the variety of uneven surfaces, providing intimate contact and adhesion with the skin, necessary for localized and enhanced sensing capabilities. However, current wearable devices appear to be bulky, rigid and not convenient for continuous wear in everyday life, hindering their implementation into advanced and unexplored applications beyond fitness tracking. Besides, they retail at high price tags which limits their availability to at least half of the World’s population. Hence, form factor (physical flexibility and/or stretchability), cost, and accessibility become the key drivers for further developments. To support this need in affordable and adaptive wearables and drive academic developments in “skin” platforms into practical and functional consumer devices, compatibility and integration into a high performance yet low power system is crucial to sustain the high data rates and large data management driven by IoE. Likewise, scalability becomes essential for batch fabrication and precision. Therefore, I propose to develop three distinct but necessary “skin” platforms using scalable and cost effective manufacturing techniques. My first approach is the fabrication of a CMOS-compatible “silicon skin”, crucial for any truly autonomous and conformal wearable device, where monolithic integration between heterogeneous material-based sensory platform and system components is a challenge yet to be addressed. My second approach displays an even more affordable and accessible “paper skin”, using recyclable and off-the-shelf materials, targeting environmental mapping through 3D stacked arrays, or advanced personalized healthcare through the developed “paper watch” prototype. My last approach targets a harsh environment waterproof “marine skin” tagging system, using marine animals as allies to study the marine ecosystem. The “skin” platforms offer real-time and simultaneous monitoring while preserving high performance and robust behaviors under various bending conditions, maintaining system compatibility using cost-effective and scalable approaches for a tangible realization of a truly flexible wearable device.
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Scalable Manufacturing of Liquid Metal for Soft and Stretchable ElectronicsShanliangzi Liu (9182996) 16 December 2020 (has links)
Next-generation soft robots, wearable health monitoring devices, and human-machine interfaces require electronic systems that can maintain their performance under deformations. Thus, researchers have been developing materials and methods to enable high-performance soft electronic systems in diverse applications. While a variety of solutions have been presented, development of stretchable materials with a combination of high stretchability, electrical conductivity, cyclic stability, and manufacturability is still an open challenge. Throughout this dissertation, gallium-based<br>liquid metal alloy is used as the conductive material, leveraging its high conductivity and intrinsic stretchability for maintained performance under deformations. This dissertation presents both new liquid metal-based conductive materials and scalable manufacturing methods for the development of a diverse range of flexible and stretchable electronic circuits. First, a laser sintering method was developed to coalesce liquid metal micro/nanoparticles into soft, conductive structures enabled by oxide rupturing. The fast, non-contact, and maskless laser sintering technique, in combination with large-area spray-printing deposition, and high-throughput emulsion processing, provided a methodology to create different physical manifestations of liquid metal-based soft, stretchable, and reconfigurable electronics. Second, a liquid metal-based biphasic material was created using a thermal processing technique, yielding a printable, mechanically stable, and extremely stretchable conductor. This material’s compatibility with existing scalable manufacturing methods, robust interfaces with off-the-shelf electronic components, and electrical/mechanical cyclic stability enabled direct conversion of established circuit board assemblies to stretchable forms. The
work presented in this dissertation paves the way for future mass-manufacturing of<br>soft, stretchable circuits for direct integration into smart garments or soft robots. <br>
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ELECTRICAL MONITORING OF DEGRADATION AND DISSOLUTION KINETICS OF BIORESPONSIVE POLYMERS FOR IN SITU ASSESSMENT OF MICROBIAL ACTIVITYJose Fernando Waimin (13222980) 10 August 2022 (has links)
<p>Microbes play key roles in processes that shape the world around us having direct impact in crop production, food safety, digestion, and overall health. Developing tools to monitor their activity in-situ is the key towards better understanding the true impact of microbial activity in these processes and, eventually, harnessing their potential. Many conventional techniques for microbial activity assessment require sample collection, expensive benchtop equipment, skilled technicians, and destructive sample processing which makes their adaptation for in-situ monitoring cumbersome. The need for technologies for in-situ monitoring has led to the development of many sensordesigns, capable of detecting single strains of bacteria to low limits of detection (LOD). These designs, however, are limited to their complex manufacturing procedures, cost, and delicacy which makes them difficult to implement outside of a laboratory setting into harsh environments.</p>
<p>In the last 25 years, impedimetric sensing methods have been used as powerful analytical tools to characterize the degradation and dissolution of polymers. Known for their robustness, these techniqueswere mainly used for characterizing polymer’s properties as corrosion-protective layers on metals. At the time, someresearchers pondered onthe potential use of this technique for biosensing applications.In this thesis, the ability of monitoring microbial activity in-situ was explored by integratingdifferent bioresponsive polymers with low-cost electronic impedimetricplatformsand assessing their degradation kinetics in response to microbes</p>
<p>This novel use of impedimetric sensing methods and approach towards microbial activity sensing was systematically studied in different areas including agriculture, food packaging, and healthcare. Microbes, the good, the bad, and the ugly, were studied within their ecosystems to demonstrate the ability of using the described systems in in-situ monitoring. In agriculture, polymer degradation was successfully correlated to the concentration of decomposing bacteria directly in soil. In food packaging, spoilage of chicken samples was successfully detected within their package through a non-reversible system. In healthcare, a wireless and electronic-free wound monitoring system capable of detecting early onset of infection while delivering therapeutics without the need of external actuation was achieved. Further developments of this technology will present the key towards monitoring microbial activity in-situ in a large scale, providing solutions to humanity’s toughest upcoming challenges including food production, food safety, and healthcare.</p>
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