Jazz chord-scale theory identifies scales that can be used to embellish a particular type of chord. It has fostered the notion that chords can generate their own local scales. This idea as well as many of the scale types that jazz chord-scale theory identifies are essentially foreign to classical music theory, which instead tends to focus on the scales that represent relatively global key areas--that is, the scales that accommodate entire chord successions. Both the jazz and classical perspectives can coexist, and each can inform and supplement the other. This study explores implications of the jazz chord-scale perspective for classical music and classical music theory. The scalar notes and intervals that embellish a particular chord are referred to as chord-specific scalar material (CSSM). Following the suggestion of jazz chord-scale theory and Ramon Satyendra's chord spaces, each chordal zone can exhibit its own local tonal hierarchy potentially consisting of a local tonic note (usually a chord root), chordal notes and intervals, scalar notes and intervals, and sub-scalar notes and intervals. Focusing particularly on the scalar level of these chord-specific tonal hierarchies, CSSM is a relatively foreground phenomenon that can be understood against the backdrop of a deeper, uninterrupted scalar space that is associated with the key of the passage at hand. A chord succession can occupy the deeper scalar space while each chord is embellished with CSSM suggestive of potentially different local scalar spaces. This study considers examples of CSSM spanning the music of Bach through Fauré, and it proposes a classification of four general types of CSSM found in classical repertoire. Each type suggests a different theoretical derivation for examples of CSSM, and each type has its own implications for tonal function (both locally and globally), coherence, and color. The fourth type apparently did not emerge until the Romantic era. Special attention is given to CSSM in the music of Gabriel Fauré, who seemingly developed rather innovative CSSM techniques. Practical benefits of this theoretical approach for today's composers, improvisers, and performers are also considered. Various techniques for generating CSSM are offered, and further scalar possibilities are explored. / 2016-09-29

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In this work, we propose three control strategies from different perspectives to solve the alignment problem for different optical wireless communication (OWC) systems. • Experimental modeling based strategy: we model and analyze the vibration effects on the stationary OWC system (e.g. urban free-space optical (FSO) communication system in our case). The proposed Bifurcated-Gaussian (B-G) distribution model of the receiver optical power is derived under different vibra- tion levels and link distances using the nonlinear iteration method. Besides, the UFSO channel under the effects of both vibration and atmospheric turbulence is also explored under three atmospheric turbulence conditions. Our proposed B-G distribution model helps to easily evaluate the link performance of UFSO systems and paves the way for constructing completed auxiliary control subsys- tems for robust UFSO links. • Extremum seeking control based strategy: we propose an extremum seeking control (ESC) based strategy for the mobile OWC system. Our proposed ap- proach consists of coarse alignment and fine alignment. The coarse alignment using feedback proportional-derivative (PD) control is responsible for tracking and following the receiver. For fine alignment, the perturbation-based extremum seeking control (ESC) is adopted for a continuous search for the optimal posi- tion, where the received optical power is maximum in the presence of distur- bance. The proposed approach is simple, effective, and easy to implement. • Time scale theory based strategy: we design a time scale based Kalman filter for the intermittent OWC system. First, the algorithm of Kalman filter on time scales is presented, followed by several numerical examples for interpretation and analysis. The design of Kalman filter on time scales for our simulated vibrating OWC system is then discussed, whose results are analyzed thoroughly and further validated by a reference system. The proposed strategy has great potential for solving the problem of observer design in the case of intermittent received signals (non-uniform measurements) and paves the way for further controller design. The three proposed control strategies directly or indirectly solve the beam align- ment problem for optical communication systems, supporting the development of robust optical communication link.

Recent advances in Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) technology and integration have resulted in vehicle-borne platforms for urban LIDAR scanning, such as Terrapoint Inc.'s TITAN system. Such technology has lead to an explosion in ground LIDAR data. The large size of such mobile urban LIDAR data sets, and the ease at which they may now be collected, has shifted the bottleneck of creating abstract urban models for Geographical Information Systems (GIS) from data collection to data processing. While turning such data into useful models has traditionally relied on human analysis, this is no longer practical. This thesis outlines a methodology for automatically recovering the necessary information to create abstract urban models from mobile urban LIDAR data using computer vision methods. As an integral part of the methodology, a novel scale-based interest operator is introduced (Di erence of Normals) that is e cient enough to process large datasets, while accurately isolating objects of interest in the scene according to real-world parameters. Finally a novel localized object recognition algorithm is introduced (Local Potential Well Space Embedding), derived from a proven global method for object recognition (Potential Well Space Embedding). The object recognition phase of our methodology is discussed with these two algorithms as a focus. / Thesis (Master, Computing) -- Queen's University, 2010-03-01 12:26:34.698

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