A new technique for imaging the 2D transport of free charge in semiconductor structures is used to directly map electric field distributions in operating devices. Direct transport imaging is demonstrated in a scanning electron microscope, using an optical microscope and a high sensitivity charge coupled device. Transport behavior under the combined influence of both diffusion and drift is predicted by modeling the drift and diffusion in 2D following generation at a point source. This is the first demonstration of a technique that allows the mapping of the electric field by determining not only the direction but especially the magnitude of the electric field with high resolution. The measured results show excellent agreement with theoretical predictions simulated with COMSOL software. The transport imaging technique also allows measurement of the contact resistance in a new way that is nondestructive and based on a two-point contact only. The technique illustrates the device's characteristics by determining the exact activation point of the diode and the deviations from an ideal I-V behavior. The method is extremely useful since the complexity and miniaturization of current devices do not allow for multiple wiring that standard four point measurement demands. Finally, a suggestion for further research of the effects of electromigration by using the direct transport imaging technique is offered. The latter is a subject of high importance in electronic device reliability.

No description available.

Thesis (M. Sc.)--Carleton University, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references. Also available in electronic format on the Internet.

Orientador: Caio Cezar Randi Ferraz / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-04T21:47:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Santos_IvanaLins_M.pdf: 4446919 bytes, checksum: 906c2bb88c7bbc1591d2d43d0c214552 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Resumo: O presente trabalho avaliou, in vitra, a capacidade de remoção da smear layer das paredes dos canais radiculares após o preparo químico-mecânico realizado com diferentes substâncias químicas auxiliares. Selecionou-se 54 dentes humanos unirradiculares, com canais retos e ápices formados, divididos em grupos seguindo o protocolo de irrigação: G1: NaOCI 5,25% + EDTA 17%; G2: solução fisiológica 0,9%; G3: clorexidina (CLX) gel 2% pH neutro + solução fisiológica 0,9%; G4: CLX gel 2% pH neutro + solução fisiológica 0,9% + EDTA 17%; G5: CLX gel a 2% pH ácido + solução fisiológica 0,9% e G6: CLX gel a 2% pH ácido + solução fisiológica 0,9% + EDTA 17%. Os grupos foram instrumentados utilizando técnica manual híbrida, sendo analisadas quatro áreas distintas em cada terço do canal radicular: apical, médio e cervical, através do microscópio eletrônico de varredura (MEV) atribuindo escores de 0 a 3 de acordo com Gaberogllio & Becce (1994), considerando a capacidade de limpeza de cada substância. A análise estatística utilizou o software SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) e o teste não paramétrico de Mann-Whitney. Concluímos que a combinação das soluções de NaOCI a 5,25% e irrigação final com EDTA a 17% foi mais efetiva na remoção da smear layer das paredes dos canais radiculares quando comparado com as demais soluções testadas (p<0,05). O uso do gluconato de clorexidina gel a 2% com pH ácido + EDTA a 17% foi mais efetivo apenas quando comparado com a solução fisiológica e o gel de gluconato de clorexidina a 2% com pH neutro + solução fisiológica (p<0,05). A clorexidina gel neutra + solução fisiológica foi a que apresentou pior condição de limpeza das paredes dos canais radiculares. O terço apical apresentou condições de limpeza estatisticamente inferiores, independente das soluções testadas / Abstract: This in vitro study evaluted the effects of 2% chlorhexidine gel with acid pH on smear layer removal after chemomechanical debridement as endodontic irrigating solution. Fifty-four single-root extracted of human teeth were separated into six groups: G1: 5.25% NaOCI + 17% EDTA; G2: saline solution; G3: 2% chlorhexidine gel (CHX) neutral pH + saline solution; G4: 2% CHX gel neutral pH + saline solution + EDTA 17%; G5: 2% CHX gel acid pH + saline solution and G6: 2% CHX gel acid pH + Saline solution + EDTA 17%. After instrumentation using the respective irrigants, the root canais were examined by scanning electron microscopy in four differents areas in each third of the canal: apical, middle and carona!. The areas photographed were evaluated according to the rating system developed by Gaberoglio & Becce (1994). The data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney test to determine whether there was any significant difference in the ability of the irrigating regimens to remove the smear layer. In the coronal and middle thirds, 5.25% NaOCI + 17% EDTA effectively removes the smear layer when compared with the others substances (p<0.05).In the coronal third, the 2% CHX gel acid pH + EDTA 17% were statistically more effective in removing the smear layer than with saline solution; 2% CHX gel neutral; 2% CHX gel acid pH (p<0.05). In the midlle third, this irrigant had the same result, except when compared with the 2% CHX gel acid pH alone. In the apical third, the difference was significant and better to the group flushed with 5.25% NaOCI + 17% EDTA compared with saline solution and 2% CHX gel neutral pH + saline solution / Mestrado / Endodontia / Mestre em Clínica Odontológica

Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Physics, 1977 / Includes bibliographical references. / Ph. D. / Ph. D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Physics

Call number: LD2668 .T4 1979 C66 / Master of Science

Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering, 1980. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND SCIENCE. / Includes bibliographical references. / by Pierre Leon Jacques Chemelle. / M.S.

M. Tech. Metallurgical Engineering. / Aims to study tensile deformation mechanisms of aluminium alloy 5083 using in situ SEM techniques. The objectives to achieve this aim are: to investigate the effect of strain rate on mechanical properties ; investigating anisotropy mechanical properties at varying strain rates ; investigating microstructure anisotropy behaviour at varying strain rates and to investigate the influence of intermetallic particles during tensile deformation.

published_or_final_version / abstract / toc / Physics / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

The objective of this thesis is to present the fabrication of a multiphoton microscope and the underlying theory responsible for its proper functioning. A basic introduction to nonlinear optics will give the necessary knowledge to the reader to understand the optical effects involved. Femtosecond laser pulses will be presented and characterized. Each part of the microscope, their integration and the design of the microscope will be discussed. The basic concepts of laser scanning microscopy are also required to explain the design of the scanning optics. Fast scanning problems and their solutions are also briefly viewed. As a working proof, the first images taken with the microscope will be presented. Fluorescent beads, rat tail tendon, gold nanoparticles and pollen grain images using various nonlinear effects will be shown and discussed.