Thesis (M.A.(Social Work)) --University of Limpopo, 2006 / The problem of alcohol and other drugs abuse as well as HIV/AIDS exists globally. This problem does not, spare any institution. It occurs even in primary schools. It cuts across the colour, creed, age and ethnicity lines. The high rate of infection and death of youth in South Africa has devastating consequences, which in turn has led to a destruction of individuals, families and communities. In other words, HIV/AIDS poses a serious threat to the health and welfare of South Africans. Heightened concern about the damage brought by alcohol and other drugs as well as HIV/AIDS has led researchers, educators, social service providers and health service providers to develop an array of diversified programmes to discourage the youth from engaging in unprotected sex and abusing drugs and alcohol. However the problems persist despite measures suggested in a plethora of research studies, reports and inquiries that have been mounted towards alleviating them. An investigation of knowledge on HIV/AIDS and substance abuse was conducted among Grade 6 & 7 learners from three different primary schools in Sefateng Village, Motsepe, Bogalatladi; and Mafise. The ages of respondents ranged from 12 to 16 years of age. The findings in the study shows that primary school learners indulge in sexual activities and use of substances from as early as 12 years of age.