Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:53:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 BUENO_Gabriel_2014.pdf: 1194261 bytes, checksum: 391d3ca8e2a6b5600c9a4b7927b352fa (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-12-11 / Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos / The Federal Law 11.947 of 2009 provides that states and municipalities, to perform actions of the National School Feeding Programme (PNAE), must spend at least 30% of funds received from the National Fund for the Development of Education (ENDF) to purchase products from family farms. Despite presenting innovative features, such regulation has many challenges. Highlights the need for greater contact and cooperation between government managers and farmers during the PNAE implementation process. The literature that addresses the concept of innovation in the public sector also indicates the importance of inclusion of citizens/users in the design and provision of public actions. Based on these, this research aimed to identify innovative aspects in the PNAE implementation process in Sorocaba-SP. Also aimed to raise inducing aspects and barriers to innovation in this process. Collection and analysis of data, we used a qualitative approach and the method of single case study with multiple units of analysis and multiple sources of data collection. Among the main results, it was found that the participation of the actors involved in PNAE presented two different times as to the pricing of foodstuffs, impacting the relationship between the municipal government and the cooperatives of farmers. In general, there is no communication between the two main public sectors involved in the implementation of PNAE. By the family organizations, the formation of a central cooperative allowed greater representation of individual cooperatives. As inducing factors for the adoption of innovative practices, we highlight the own federal regulation - which gave rise to the need for inclusion of cooperatives in school food - and social pressure held in the spaces created through discussion forums and public hearings. Among the main barriers, were identified the legacy of past practices resulting from the outsourcing process, the lack of social control and lack of participation by the Council of School Feeding (CAE), besides the lack of public infrastructure geared specifically to meet agricultural and supply issues in the municipality. / A Lei Federal 11.947, de 2009, estabelece que estados e municípios, ao executarem ações do Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar (PNAE), devem gastar no mínimo 30% dos recursos recebidos do Fundo Nacional para o Desenvolvimento da Educação (FNDE) na compra de produtos originários da agricultura familiar. Apesar de apresentar características inovadoras, tal regulamentação apresenta inúmeros desafios. Destaca-se a necessidade de maior aproximação e cooperação entre os gestores públicos e agricultores familiares durante o processo de implementação do PNAE. A literatura que aborda o conceito de inovação no setor público também indica a importância da inclusão dos cidadãos/usuários no processo de formulação e provisão das ações públicas. Frente ao exposto, esta pesquisa teve como objetivo identificar aspectos inovadores no processo de implementação do PNAE no município de Sorocaba-SP. Objetivou-se também levantar os aspectos indutores e barreiras para inovação neste processo. Para coleta e análise dos dados, utilizou-se a abordagem qualitativa e o método do estudo de caso único integrado, com diversas unidades de análise e múltiplas fontes de coleta. Entre os principais resultados, verificou-se que a participação dos atores envolvidos no PNAE apresentou dois momentos distintos quanto ao processo de definição dos preços dos gêneros alimentícios, impactando expressivamente a relação entre a administração pública municipal e as cooperativas de agricultores familiares. De maneira geral, não existe comunicação/articulação efetiva entre os dois principais setores públicos envolvidos na implementação do PNAE no município. Por parte das organizações familiares, a formação de uma cooperativa central permitiu maior representatividade das cooperativas singulares. Como fatores indutores para a adoção de práticas inovadoras, cabe destacar a própria regulamentação federal - que fez emergir a necessidade de inclusão das cooperativas na alimentação escolar - e a pressão social realizada nos espaços de discussão criados através de fóruns e audiências públicas. Dentre as principais barreiras, foram identificadas a herança de práticas anteriores advindas do processo de terceirização, o desconhecimento do controle social e ausência de participação através do Conselho de Alimentação Escolar (CAE), além da falta de estrutura pública voltada especificamente para atender questões agrícolas e de abastecimento no município.

Introdução: Partindo do reconhecimento do direito humano à alimentação adequada e saudável e da inadequação do atual padrão alimentar no Brasil, a presente pesquisa situa a agricultura familiar na contramão do modelo agroalimentar predominante e enfatiza o duplo potencial do Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar (PNAE) e do Programa de Aquisição de Alimentos (PAA). Objetivo: Compreender as contribuições do PNAE e do PAA para o fortalecimento da agricultura familiar e a promoção do direito humano à alimentação adequada e saudável. Método: Foi realizado estudo compreensivo dos dois Programas com abordagem quanti-qualitativa. A primeira etapa compreendeu a sistematização de dados de cada Programa no estado de São Paulo, partindo de dados disponibilizados pelo PAA-Data e SISPAA e, no caso do PNAE, de parte dos dados coletados no âmbito da pesquisa \"O encontro entre o Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar (PNAE) e a Agricultura Familiar\". A segunda etapa focou o estudo da experiência de implementação dos dois Programas em Guarulhos, incluindo visitas às áreas de cultivo e unidades recebedoras e a realização de entrevistas semi-estruturadas com gestores públicos, agricultores familiares e merendeiras/cozinheiras, baseadas em roteiros com perguntas norteadoras. Resultados: As compras governamentais realizadas pelo PAA-CDS e pelo PNAE têm permitido alcançar boa parte das finalidades esperadas de ambos Programas, cumprindo papel relevante tanto sob a ótica da política agrícola, como da superação da insegurança alimentar e nutricional, ainda que com diferenças significativas entre os dois Programas e comportando desafios em curso. Os resultados reforçam a heterogeneidade da agricultura familiar e sugerem distintos perfis de agricultores familiares que acessam cada Programa no estado de São Paulo. Ambos Programas comercializam predominantemente alimentos in natura ou minimamente processados, favorecendo o acesso à alimentação saudável. / Introduction: Recognizing the human right to adequate and healthy food, and the inadequacy of current dietary patterns in Brazil, this project situates family farming in opposition to the predominant agri-food model and emphasizes the dual potential of the National School Feeding Programme (PNAE) and the Food Acquisition Programme (PAA). Objective: Comprehend the contributions of PNAE and PAA to strengthen family farming and to promote the human right to adequate and healthy food. Method: Comprehensive study was carried out on both programs with quantitative-qualitative approach. The first stage included the systematization of data from each Program in the state of São Paulo, based on data provided by PAA-Data and SISPAA and, in the case of PNAE, part of the data collected in the scope of the research \"The meeting between the National Program Of School Feeding (PNAE) and Family Agriculture\". The second stage focused Guarulhos experience of implementation on both Programmes, including visits to cultivation areas and receiving units, and semi-structured interviews with public managers, family farmers and cooks based on scripts with guiding questions. Results: The government purchases made by the PAA-CDS and the PNAE have allowed to reach a good part of the expected purposes of both Programmes, fulfilling a relevant role both from the perspective of the agricultural policy, and to overcome the food and nutritional insecurity, although with significant differences between the two Programmes and ongoing challenges. The results reinforce the heterogeneity of family agriculture and suggest different profiles of family farmers who access each Program in the state of São Paulo. Both Programmes commercialize predominantly in natura or minimally processed foods, favoring the access to healthy food.

Foodborne diseases are a major challenge to school feeding programmes because inadequate food safety knowledge and skills of staff can result in unsafe food handling practices and cross-contamination, thus causing foodborne disease outbreaks. The aim of this study was to investigate the food safety and quality assurance measures of the National School Nutrition Programme (NSNP) in Mpumalanga Province, South Africa. The research design was cross-sectional quantitative in nature. A total of 300 NSNP food service managers/coordinators and 440 food handlers were selected to participate in the study. Data collection was by means of a selfadministered structured questionnaire and 192 food contact surface swap samples from 32 primary and secondary public schools.The majority of schools offering NSNP meals were located in informal settlements and most were found to lack basic resources such as electricity and potable tap water in their kitchens. 93% of food handlers did not know about Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP). The NSNP food service managers in some schools, especially in schools located in rural settlements, were found to have little knowledge or awareness of HACCP. No school was found to have implemented the HACCP, and only a few staff had received food safety training. Inadequate food safety knowledge was worst in schools located in informal settlements due to a lack of training. Up to 60% of food handlers did not know the correct procedure for washing a cutting board after it had been used. In addition, just over 95% of the food handlers did not know how to sanitise utensils and cutting surfaces after cutting up raw meat. The lack of hygiene was confirmed by the presence of Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, E.coli 015:H7, Salmonella and Shigella species on food contact surfaces. A total of 22 different bacteria genera were identified. It is essential to monitor NSNP kitchen hygiene practice to ensure the minimal contamination of food products and newly recruited food handlers should be trained on food handling practice and principles to ensure the safety of prepared food for school children. / Health Studies / D. Phil. (Consumer Science)