Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of death in the United States and has the highest death rate among Blacks. Whereas studies have targeted patients to increase CRC adherence in the general population few studies have focused on improving providers’ adherence to screening guidelines. Also, CRC screening studies among HIV-positive patients consistently show lower screening rates compared to screening rates among HIV negative persons. Results of screening colonoscopy studies among HIV positive patients show higher prevalence of neoplastic lesions and colon cancer is diagnosed at advanced cancer stages; these patients have shorter disease-free survival compared to HIV-negative patients. The aim of this transdisciplinary retrospective–prospective and randomized control study is to examine providers’ adherence to screening colonoscopy guidelines before and after screening reminders, evaluate the impact of an educational screening video and review of colonoscopy decisions tree plus usual care on patient adherence compared to usual care only. Results showed that providers’ adherence to screening colonoscopy guidelines significantly increased after reminders to refer patients were placed in medical records. The randomized trial showed that patients in the intervention group were more adherent to screening colonoscopy appointments compared to patients in the usual care arm. Also, patients with little or no social support in the intervention arm were more likely to keep appointments. This is the first reported study of a Transdisciplinary prevention model integrating evidence-based medicine, behavioral medicine and human factors decision support through a multi-faceted intervention to increase screening colonoscopy adherence in the HIV population. We integrated a provider reminder system, patient informed decision support of colonoscopy educational video and decision tree review in addition to patient provider communication to promote increased provider and patient screening behavior. Further studies are needed to elucidate the impact of patient centered intervention strategies and social support on screening colonoscopy behavior.

Darbo tikslas: ištirti pacientų, dalyvaujančių profilaktinėje storosios žarnos vėžio patikroje, pasitenkinimą endoskopiniu tyrimu. Tyrimo uždaviniai: 1. Įvertinti profilaktinėje storosios žarnos vėžio patikroje dalyvaujančių pacientų informuotumą apie atliekamą tyrimą. 2. Nustatyti veiksnius, lemiančius pacientų, dalyvaujančių profilaktinėje storosios žarnos vėžio patikroje, žarnyno paruošimo kokybę. 3. Įvertinti veiksnius, lemiančius pacientų pasitenkinimą endoskopinio tyrimo metu. Tyrimo kontingentas ir metodai. 2013 metų kovo – gruodžio mėnesiais atlikta anoniminė anketinė apklausa. Tyrime dalyvavo (42,4 proc. vyrų ir 57,6 proc. moterų) pacientai, kurie tyrimo laikotarpiu buvo siųsti į Lietuvos Sveikatos Mokslų universiteto ligoninės Kauno klinikų Endoskopijų skyrių atlikti endoskopinio storosios žarnos tyrimo (n=177, atsako dažnis - 93,1 proc.). Tyrimui naudota autorės sukurta anketa, remiantis analizuota Lietuvos ir užsienio šalių moksline literatūra. / Research aim: to research patients satifaction during screening colonoscopy procedure. The research goals: 1. To evaluate patients, participating in colon cancer prevention screening programme, awareness of the administered colonoscopy procedure. 2. To determine factors, influencing patients, participating in colon cancer prevention screening programme, quality of bowel preparation. 3. To evaluate factors, determining the patients satisfaction during colonoscopy procedure. Research contingent and methods. During March to December 2013 an anonymous questionnaire was conducted of 177 participants (response rate – 93,1%), i.e. patients (42,4% men, 57,6 % women) administered to perform colonoscopy to Endoscopy department in hospital of Lithuanian University of Health Sciences Kaunas Clinics. A questionnaire, made by the author , based on the analysis of Lithuanian and foreign scientific literature, was applied for the research.

Aims: The purpose of the research was to investigate the benefits of a hereditary colorectal cancer registry in the management of patients and families with Lynch syndrome. In study one, a systematic review was performed to quantify the impact of registration and screening on colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence and mortality, with comparison between familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) and Lynch syndrome (LS). In study two, a regional Lynch syndrome registry was utilised to evaluate the uptake of predictive testing and colorectal screening among first-degree relatives (FDRs) and investigate novel methods for engaging at-risk relatives, including an enhanced role for the general practitioner (GP). In study three, the registry was used to investigate proposed associations between Lynch syndrome and prostate and bladder cancer. In study four, mismatch repair-deficient (dMMR) CRCs from Lynch syndrome patients and randomised-controlled trials (RCTs) were used to evaluate a novel prognostic biomarker, beta-2 microglobulin (B2M). Methods: An electronic database search was conducted to identify studies describing CRC incidence and/or mortality in FAP or LS, with comparison of either: 1) screened and unscreened patients or 2) patients ‘before and after’ establishment of the registry. Using the Manchester regional Lynch syndrome registry database, the uptake of predictive testing and colorectal screening among FDRs was assessed with Kaplan-Meier analysis. Novel strategies for improving engagement were explored via a patient advisory group discussion and a regional primary care questionnaire. Cases of prostate and bladder cancer in male mutation carriers and their male FDRs were identified, and cumulative and relative risks were calculated, using expected rates from cancer registry data. DNA from 350 dMMR CRC specimens from Lynch syndrome patients and RCTs were tested for B2M mutations using Sanger sequencing, and correlated with clinical outcome. Results: 43 studies were included in the systematic review (33 FAP; 10 Lynch). Registry-based screening was associated with a significant reduction in CRC incidence and in Lynch syndrome, CRC-related mortality was negligible in those undergoing surveillance. 242 Lynch syndrome families were recorded on the Manchester Lynch syndrome registry. 329 of 591 (55.7%) eligible FDRs had undergone predictive testing. Uptake was significantly lower in males and younger age groups (<25 yrs). Compliance with colorectal screening was excellent following a mutation positive predictive test but poor in untested individuals (97.3% vs 35.0%). Eight prostate cancers were identified in 821 male LS mutation carriers and male FDRs. MSH2 mutation carriers had a ten-fold increased risk of prostate cancer (RR 10.41; 95%CI 2.80, 26.65) but no association with bladder cancer was identified. 69/286 (24.1%) of dMMR CRCs contained significant B2M mutations. B2M mutations were associated with complete absence of recurrence (0/39) during follow-up in the QUASAR trial (stage II), compared with 14/77 (18.2%) in wild-type B2M (p=0.005). Conclusion: Studies consistently report that registration and screening result in a reduction of CRC incidence and mortality in FAP and LS (Level 2a evidence, Grade B recommendation). Funding and managerial support for registries should be made available. Uptake of predictive testing and colorectal screening in Lynch syndrome could be substantially improved, particularly among males and younger age groups, but this requires advances in communication with at-risk relatives. It is unlikely that GPs will actively participate without considerable support from genetics services. A trial of PSA screening in MSH2 mutation carriers from 50 years would be appropriate. B2M mutation status has potential clinical utility as a prognostic biomarker in stage II dMMR CRC.