[Truncated abstract] There is a well-documented global decline of seagrass meadows in response to anthropogenic pressures. Transplantation of rhizome fragments into denuded areas has been used to enhance natural recovery but nutrient limitation and poor root growth may contribute to low success rates. Addition of nutrients to sediments has been proposed as a means of enhancing growth and survival of seagrass transplants by alleviating nutrient limitation but there is limited information of the effects of nutrient additions to seagrass transplants, particularly root development and morphology. In addition to nutrient limitation, sulphide accumulation in sediments with high organic matter has been shown to reduce seagrass growth and experimental iron additions have been shown to enhance seagrass growth by buffering the development of reduced conditions in organic rich sediments. This thesis examines responses (growth, morphology and nutrient status) of Posidonia australis and Posidonia sinuosa transplants to nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and chelated iron (Fe EDTA) additions, and includes a detailed investigation of root growth and morphology in response to these additions. Experiments were carried out in underwater plots in Oyster Harbour, a sheltered estuarine inlet with seasonal river flow, located on the southern coast of Western Australia. In the first experiment, nutrients (N, P and N+P) and Fe EDTA were added to sediment underlying transplants at the end of summer (March 2005). ... Nitrogen (both N and N+P) addition also reduced overall biomass allocation to roots. Nitrogen concentrations increased with N addition in P. sinuosa only but both species had more negative d15N values with N and N+P addition indicating that added N had been taken up. In contrast, P addition had little effect on root growth, and P concentrations only increased in P. australis. However, tissue concentrations of Zn, Co, and Mo in both species increased with P addition. Roots showed limited morphological variation (total root length, mean root diameter, root fineness, specific root length, surface area) in response to nutrient addition. Combined N and P addition increased lateral root density (branches m-1) but had no effect on other morphological parameters of the root compartment. Iron addition had no effect on P. sinuosa but P. australis transplants significantly reduced root growth and productivity, particularly in spring/summer growth period, due to lower primary and lateral growth rates. Overall, N or P additions did not enhance growth although these nutrients were taken up. Iron additions also had little effect on transplant growth. Seagrass transplants had significant root growth although they appeared not to respond to nutrient or iron addition. Both species produced extensive root systems capable of taking up sediment nutrients, which suggests that root development was not a limiting factor in establishment and growth of transplants in the temperate estuary, Oyster Harbour.