published_or_final_version / Geography and Geology / Master / Master of Philosophy

published_or_final_version / Earth Sciences / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

by Tse Sui-fai, Peter. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1996. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 161-169). / ABSTRACT --- p.ii / ACKNOWLEDGEMENT --- p.iv / TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.vi / LIST OF TABLES --- p.ix / LIST OF FIGURES --- p.x / LIST OF PLATES --- p.xi / Chapter CHAPTER I --- INTRODUCTION / Chapter 1.1 --- Scope of the problem --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Occurrence of urban sediments in an urban setting --- p.6 / Chapter 1.3 --- Nature of urban sediments --- p.9 / Chapter 1.4 --- Importance of studying urban sediment --- p.9 / Chapter 1.5 --- Objectives of this research --- p.10 / Chapter 1.6 --- Structure of this research --- p.10 / Chapter CHAPTER II --- LITERATURE REVIEW / Chapter 2.1 --- Hydrological problems related to urbanisation --- p.13 / Chapter 2.2 --- Importance of the urban sediment on the environment --- p.15 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Road surface sediments --- p.20 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Gully pot or catchment sediments --- p.22 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- Sewer sediments --- p.24 / Chapter 2.3 --- Studies on the characteristics of urban sediments --- p.25 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- Particle size and volatile content --- p.26 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- Surface features identification by using the SEM --- p.27 / Chapter 2.3.3 --- Studies in sub-tropical humid areas --- p.28 / Chapter 2.4 --- Problems raised from the previous studies and directions --- p.29 / Chapter CHAPTER III --- STUDY AREA - FO TAN CATCHMENT / Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.31 / Chapter 3.1.1 --- Hong Kong --- p.32 / Chapter 3.2 --- Fo Tan Catchment --- p.38 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Geology --- p.44 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Landuse --- p.48 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- Road surface and traffic characteristics --- p.49 / Chapter 3.2.4 --- Stormwater drainage network --- p.54 / Chapter 3.2.5 --- A unique hydrological year --- p.55 / Chapter 3.3 --- Conclusion --- p.59 / Chapter CHAPTER IV --- METHODOLOGY / Chapter 4.1 --- Rationale for the research method --- p.60 / Chapter 4.1.1 --- Introduction --- p.60 / Chapter 4.1.2 --- Operationalisation of the concept --- p.62 / Chapter 4.1.2.1 --- Street surface sediments --- p.62 / Chapter 4.1.2.2 --- Gully pot sediments --- p.63 / Chapter 4.1.2.3 --- Sewer sediments --- p.63 / Chapter 4.1.2.4 --- Channel deposits --- p.64 / Chapter 4.1.3 --- Study area---Fo Tan --- p.64 / Chapter 4.2 --- Empirical data and their collection --- p.64 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Sampling sites --- p.64 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- Sample collection --- p.65 / Chapter 4.2.2.1 --- Street surface sediments --- p.66 / Chapter 4.2.2.2 --- Gully pot sediments --- p.66 / Chapter 4.2.2.3 --- Channel deposits --- p.67 / Chapter 4.2.3 --- Sample treatment --- p.67 / Chapter 4.3 --- Analyses of samples --- p.68 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- Particle size distribution --- p.68 / Chapter 4.3.1.1 --- Dry sieving analysis --- p.69 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- Volatile solids --- p.69 / Chapter 4.3.3 --- Surface characteristics of sediment grains --- p.70 / Chapter 4.3.3.1 --- The use of scanning electron microscope (SEM) --- p.70 / Chapter 4.3.3.2 --- Preparation of samples --- p.71 / Chapter 4.3.4 --- Data analysis and presentation --- p.73 / Chapter 4.4 --- Conclusion --- p.74 / Chapter CHAPTER V --- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF URBAN SEDIMENTS / Chapter 5.1 --- Introduction --- p.75 / Chapter 5.2 --- Results --- p.76 / Chapter 5.2.1 --- Composition of the street surface sediments --- p.76 / Chapter 5.2.2 --- Street surface sediment loading --- p.79 / Chapter 5.2.3 --- Loading rate with slope factor --- p.86 / Chapter 5.2.4 --- Street sediment loads in different landuse areas --- p.86 / Chapter 5.2.5 --- Particle size distribution of the sediments --- p.88 / Chapter 5.2.5.1 --- Particle sizing for different sites in the same environment --- p.88 / Chapter 5.2.5.2 --- Particle size distribution for different sampling dates --- p.89 / Chapter 5.2.5.3 --- Particle size distribution in different environments --- p.89 / Chapter 5.2.5.5 --- Phi study --- p.91 / Chapter 5.2.6 --- Bivariate scattergram analysis --- p.96 / Chapter 5.3 --- Discussion --- p.100 / Chapter CHAPTER VI --- VOLATILE SOLIDS ANALYSIS / Chapter 6.1 --- Introduction --- p.105 / Chapter 6.2 --- Results --- p.108 / Chapter 6.2.1 --- The mean volatile solids in different environments --- p.108 / Chapter 6.2.2 --- The relationship between phi median and volatile solids content --- p.109 / Chapter 6.2.3 --- Particle size distribution on the volatile solids content --- p.110 / Chapter 6.3 --- Discussion --- p.111 / Chapter 6.3.1 --- Effects of road surface characteristics --- p.111 / Chapter 6.3.2 --- Effects of traffic flow --- p.112 / Chapter 6.3.3 --- Effects of landuse pattern --- p.114 / Chapter 6.4 --- Particle size and volatile solids: a synthesis --- p.114 / Chapter 6.5 --- Conclusion --- p.119 / Chapter CHAPTER VII --- SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC STUDY / Chapter 7.1 --- Introduction --- p.120 / Chapter 7.2 --- Results --- p.125 / Chapter 7.2.1 --- Quantitative analysis of the surface features on grains from different depositional environments --- p.125 / Chapter 7.2.2 --- Description of the texture of the samples --- p.130 / Chapter 7.2.3 --- Texture interpretation --- p.142 / Chapter 7.3 --- Discussions --- p.143 / Chapter 7.3.1 --- Surface texture description and its relationship to landuse pattern --- p.143 / Chapter 7.3.2 --- Sediment transport in an urban setting: a synthesis --- p.146 / Chapter CHAPTER VIII --- CONCLUSION / Chapter 8.1 --- Findings of this research --- p.152 / Chapter 8.2 --- Future directions --- p.157 / Chapter 8.2.1 --- Equipment used in reducing urban sediments --- p.157 / Chapter 8.2.2 --- Sweeping practices of the street surface --- p.158 / Chapter 8.2.3 --- The use of SEM in urban sediments --- p.159 / Chapter 8.3 --- Conclusions --- p.160 / REFERENCES --- p.161 / APPENDICES --- p.170

by Wan Yuk-ching. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1999. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 146-152). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / List of Tables --- p.i / List of Figures --- p.iii / List of Plates --- p.v / Chapter CHAPTER I --- INTRODUCTION / Chapter 1.1 --- Scope of the Problem --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Importance of the Urban Sediments on the Environment --- p.8 / Chapter 1.3 --- Hydrological and Sedimentological Problems Related to Urbanization -a Storm Event Basis --- p.13 / Chapter 1.4 --- Studies in Sub-tropical Humid Areas --- p.17 / Chapter 1.5 --- Objectives of this Research --- p.18 / Chapter CHAPTER II --- CHARACTERISTICS OF URBAN SEDIMENTS / Chapter 2.1 --- Sediments Transportation Pattern of Storm Events --- p.19 / Chapter 2.2 --- Particle Size Parameter --- p.29 / Chapter 2.3 --- Volatile and Chemical Parameters of Total Sediment Loading --- p.33 / Chapter 2.4 --- Problems Arisen from the Review of Previous Studies and Directions --- p.36 / Chapter CHAPTER III --- METHODOLOGY / Chapter 3.1 --- Experimental Design --- p.37 / Chapter 3.1.1 --- Catchment Approach --- p.38 / Chapter 3.1.2 --- Storm base Approach --- p.39 / Chapter 3.2 --- Study Area --- p.41 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Rainfall Pattern --- p.41 / Chapter 3.3 --- Nature of the Study Areas --- p.44 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- Location --- p.45 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- Relief and Geology --- p.47 / Chapter 3.3.3 --- Landuse Pattern --- p.49 / Chapter 3.3.4 --- Climatic Condition --- p.57 / Chapter 3.3.5 --- Streamflow Measurement --- p.59 / Chapter 3.4 --- Suspended Sediment Concentration --- p.61 / Chapter 3.4.1 --- Sample Collection --- p.61 / Chapter 3.4.2 --- Laboratory Procedures --- p.62 / Chapter 3.4.3 --- Instantaneous Sediment Concentration --- p.63 / Chapter 3.5 --- Volatile and Mineral Solids --- p.63 / Chapter 3.6 --- Particle Size Measurement --- p.65 / Chapter CHAPTER IV --- TRANSPORTATION PATTERN OF STORM SEDIMENTS IN URBAN CATCHMENTS / Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.66 / Chapter 4.2 --- Suspended Sediment Transport Patterns During Storm Events --- p.70 / Chapter 4.3 --- The Relationship Between Discharge and Instantaneous Sediment Concentration --- p.81 / Chapter 4.4 --- Additional Factors Affecting Instantaneous Sediment Concentrations During Storm Events --- p.87 / Chapter 4.4.1 --- University Campus --- p.88 / Chapter 4.4.2 --- Fo Tan --- p.91 / Chapter 4.5 --- Discussion --- p.93 / Chapter CHAPTER V --- SEDIMENT CHARACTERISTICS / Chapter 5.1 --- Introduction --- p.97 / Chapter 5.2 --- Characterization of Sediments --- p.98 / Chapter 5.3 --- Variations in Sediment Size --- p.101 / Chapter 5.3.1 --- Between-Storm Variations in Particle Size --- p.103 / Chapter 5.3.1.1 --- Size Distribution Curves --- p.103 / Chapter 5.3.1.2 --- Median Particle Size --- p.107 / Chapter 5.3.2 --- Within-Storm Variations in Particle Size --- p.108 / Chapter 5.3.3 --- Factors Affecting the Between Storm Variations in Sediment Particle Size --- p.120 / Chapter 5.4 --- Variations in the Sediment Volatile Content --- p.123 / Chapter 5.4.1 --- Differences in Sediment Volatile Content Between the Two Catchments --- p.123 / Chapter 5.4.2 --- Variations in Volatile Content Between and Within Storms --- p.124 / Chapter 5.4.3 --- Timing of the Volatile Content Peaks --- p.128 / Chapter 5.4.4 --- Factors Affecting the Volatile Content --- p.131 / Chapter 5.4.5 --- Some General Observations on Sediment Volatile Content --- p.133 / Chapter 5.5 --- Summary and Discussion --- p.133 / Chapter CHAPTER VI --- CONCLUSION / Chapter 6.1 --- Summary of Findings --- p.137 / Chapter 6.2 --- Implications of the Research Findings --- p.141 / Chapter 6.3 --- Limitations of this Study and Suggestions for Future Work --- p.143