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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Progresso genético na seleção de genótipos de trigo com base na expressão do caráter número de afilhos / Genetic progress in the selection of wheat genotypes for tiller number.

Valério, Igor Pirez 20 May 2008 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-20T14:06:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese_ Igor_ Valerio.pdf: 990885 bytes, checksum: 6b9bd709ded7ec022e6445c220d43a98 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-05-20 / Many selection strategies have contributed for the continuous progress in wheat breeding programs. On the other hand, the main yield component (number of fertile tillers), has still been underexploited. In this sense, in order to investigate this issue, this work was planned to report the state of the art processes involved in tiller production and development. This information was crucial to the design of the next experiments on genotypes contrasting for tiller number and their response in segregating generations, when subjected to artificial crosses. The seeding density influences greatly grain yield, since it is directly related to fertile tiller production potential, and has a direct effect on number of ears per unit area. Likewise, the genotype and environment effects were important for the adjustment of seeding density and maximum yield obtained. It is essential that the best seeding rate be found for a given genotype at a given location. Genotypes with reduced tillering potential, revealed a larger buffering effect. However, only at seeding density higher than 400 seeds m-2. The genotypes with high tillering potential revealed the best grain production performance at low seeding density. However, these genotypes have a long developing cycle, with high tillering senescence rate when subjected to high seeding density. The use of genotypes contrasting for tillering ability enabled one to find in the segregating generations, wide genetic variability for tillering ability and consequently for the yield components. The selection for high or low number of tillers and the bulk selection vary their efficiency with the crop management system to which the segregating population is subjected. The best grain yield performance is achieved in the selection for low number of tillers, with high average grain weight under competition. / Diversas estratégias de seleção têm contribuído para o contínuo progresso da cultura do trigo nos programas de melhoramento. Por outro lado, o principal componente do rendimento (número de afilhos férteis), ainda revela severos questionamentos sobre o seu real aproveitamento em condições de lavoura. Neste sentido, por entender a fundamental importância deste assunto, foi buscado neste trabalho, primeiramente, relatar o estado da arte dos processos envolvidos na produção e desenvolvimento de afilhos, o que permitiu trazer, posteriormente, contribuições importantes para o desenvolvimento dos demais trabalhos em genótipos contrastantes para afilhamento e a resposta destes, em gerações segregantes, quando submetidos a cruzamentos artificiais. A densidade de semeadura revela a maior variação na produtividade da cultura, uma vez que está diretamente relacionada ao potencial do genótipo em produzir afilhos férteis, com efeito direto no número de espigas produzidas por unidade de área. Da mesma forma, o efeito do genótipo e do ambiente foram determinantes na densidade de semeadura obtida com o máximo rendimento de grãos, destacando a necessidade de implementar, para cada condição de cultivo e genótipo utilizado, uma densidade ideal. Genótipos com reduzido potencial de afilhamento revelam o maior efeito compensatório, porém, com aproveitamento somente em densidade superior a 400 sementes m-2. Os genótipos com elevado potencial de afilhamento revelam o melhor comportamento para rendimento de grãos em reduzidas densidades, porém, evidenciam um longo ciclo de desenvolvimento, com senescência elevada de afilhos quando submetidos a elevadas densidades. O uso de genótipos contrastantes para o afilhamento, possibilitou encontrar em gerações segregantes, ampla variabilidade genética para o caráter e consequentemente para os componentes do rendimento. A seleção para elevado ou reduzido número de afilhos e a seleção em bulk são dependentes do sistema de manejo em que a população segregante for submetida. O melhor desempenho em rendimento de grãos é alcançado na seleção para reduzido número de afilhos, com média elevada para massa de grãos em competição.
2

Distribution of Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) Errors in a Planar Jet

Howell, Jaron A. 01 May 2018 (has links)
Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) is an optical fluid measurement technique used to obtain velocity measurements. Two PIV systems were used to capture data simultaneously and measurement error for the MS PIV system is calculated. An investigation of error distribution is performed to determine when uncertainty estimations fail for the CS PIV-UQ method. Investigation of when results from multi pass PIV processing are achieve were performed so that reliable uncertainty estimations are produced with the CS method. An investigation was also performed which determined that error distributions in PIV systems are correlated with flow shear and particle seeding density. Correlation of random errors in space was also performed at the jet core and shear regions of the flow. It was found that in flow regions with large shear that error distributions were non-Gaussian. It was also found in regions of large shear that CS uncertainty results did not match the error. For multi-pass PIV processing with 50% and 75% IW overlap it was found that 4 and 6 passes should be used, respectively, in order for CS uncertainty estimations to be reliable. It was also found that the correlation of random errors in space is much larger in shear regions of the jet flow than in the jet core.

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