Thesis (M.S.)--Oregon State University, 1991. / Typescript (photocopy). Includes bibliographical references (leaves 89-93). Also available on the World Wide Web.

Two dormancy induction trials were conducted in a private container nursery in Saanichton, British Columbia. The first study examined the effects of photoperiod induced dormancy on morphology, root growth and field performance of fall planted western hemlock (Tsuga heterophyl_1ji (Raf.)Sarg.) and Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menzi_esv[ (Mirb.) Franco) seedlings. Various periods of eight hour days, ranging from two to eight weeks, were applied throughout July and August 1983. Outplanting was done in late September. Survival and growth were assessed one year later. The second project investigated the effectiveness of short days, varying levels of moisture stress and a combination of both as dormancy induction techniques for Douglas-fir seedlings. The short day treatment was four weeks of eight hour days. Four levels of predawn moisture stress were: -5, -10, -15 and -25 bars. These classes respectively corresponded to control, light, medium and severe moisture stress levels. Short days and moisture stress were also combined whereby the four week period of short days followed the moisture stress treatments. These induction treatments were applied in July and August 1984. All seedlings were lifted in January 1985 and placed into cold storage for five weeks until March 1985. Morphology, root growth capacity, frost hardiness and dormancy intensity were assessed in January. Root growth capacity and dormancy intensity were again measured in March. In Study I, short days quickly initiated homogeneous budset in both species in approximately three weeks. The average height increment after treatment initiation was 3.7 cm in Douglas-fir and 4.2 cm in western hemlock. Short days reduced shoot dry weight and height. Caliper and root dry weight were unaffected. In September a surge in root growth occurred in hemlock seedlings treated with six or eight weeks of short days. The importance of early budset to allow increased root growth prior to a fall lift was demonstrated. Root growth capacity was similar among all treatments for both species. The planting survival of western hemlock seedlings increased with increasing weeks of short days. Control plants had 76% survival while the eight week regime had 91%. Survival was similar for all treated Douglas-fir seedlings. It ranged from 89% in the two week interval to 98% in the four week regime. One year height increment was significantly greater in the six and eight week short day treatments for both species. For hemlock, it ranged from 6.1 cm in the control plants to 10.4 cm in the six week trees. Douglas-fir height increment ranged from 6.4 cm for the control interval to 8.6 cm in the eight week regime. The six and eight week photoregimes produced the best quality hemlock seedlings for this study. Four weeks of short days appeared adequate for Douglas-fir. In Study II short days effectively initiated and maintained budset in Douglas-fir seedlings in four weeks. After six weeks from treatment initiation, a light to severe moisture stress was as effective in controlling height growth. A natural photoperiod with no moisture stress was least effective. In a comparison of all treatment combinations, only the control plants under a natural photoperiod were significantly larger in all morphological properties. Short days, moisture stress or a combination of both had similar effects on reducing height, caliper, shoot dry weight and root dry weight. Unstressed seedlings in a natural daylength had the highest value of root growth capacity. All other treatment combinations had significantly lower root growth capacity. Only the severe stress under a natural photoperiod significantly reduced root growth capacity compared to any other treatment. Short days accelerated bud burst in the January and March dormancy intensity tests. Frost hardiness was similar among all treatments. Selection of a regime which controlled height growth while maintaining seedling quality was not clearcut. A short photoperiod with no moisture stress was most effective in initiating budset. However, few morphological and physiological differences were evident between short day plants and light and medium stressed seedlings. / Forestry, Faculty of / Graduate

Typescript (photocopy). / Digitized by Kansas Correctional Industries

Graduation date: 1991

Thesis(M.S.)--Auburn University, 2006. / Abstract. Vita. Includes bibliographic references.

Thesis(M.S.)--Auburn University, 2006. / Abstract. Vita. Includes bibliographic references.

Three species of woody plants, Ilex crenata 'Helleri', Juniperus chinensis procumbens 'Nana', and Ligustrum lucidum, were grown in one-liter containers filled with pine bark to determine Fe and Mn requirements with regard to rate and ratio. FeEDTA and MnEDTA were applied at either a 2:1 or 1:2 ratio of Fe:Mn at 5 concentrations each, 3 times per week with each irrigation. Medium solutions were collected every 21 days on one species and analyzed for Fe and Mn levels. Dry weight and tissue Fe and Mn levels were determined for all three species. Neither rate nor ratio of applied Fe and Mn had an effect on shoot dry weights. Control treatments, in general, had the lowest medium solution and tissue levels of Fe and Mn, however, there was no difference in dry weights between control and treatment plants. These results suggest that pine bark supplies adequate levels of Fe and Mn for growth under the conditions of this study. In a second study, three sources of Fe and Mn were applied to Tagetes erecta 'Inca' growing in 500 cc plastic pots containing sieved pine bark at 3 lime rates: 0, 3, and 6 kg m⁻³. Sources of Fe and Mn were pre-plant Micromax, liquid sulfate salts, and liquid chelates applied in the irrigation water. No difference in growth between micronutrient sources was detected, however, growth was greater at the 3 and 6 kg m⁻³ lime rates. Levels of Fe and Mn in medium solution and tissue decreased with increasing lime rate, with availability of Fe and Mn greatest with chelate as the source, regardless of lime rate. A similar study was conducted with a control and liquid sulfate treatment. There was no difference in dry weight between the sulfate treatment and the control, except at 0 kg m⁻³ lime where the control plants were larger. Again, lime additions increased growth, and Fe and Mn availability in medium solution and tissue levels decreased. These results suggest that if Fe and Mn additions are needed, all sources provide adequate Fe and Mn for growth. / M.S.

published_or_final_version / abstract / Ecology and Biodiversity / Master / Master of Philosophy

Orientador: Durval de Paula Rodrigues Junior / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Agricola / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-09T10:00:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Padovani_VeraCristinaRamalho_M.pdf: 5126190 bytes, checksum: 92c46be09d3a5c6b107a74a1fbeab24e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: Este trabalho tem como objetivo estudar as características físicas e químicas de misturas de diferentes proporções de composto orgânico de lodo de esgoto com casca de arroz carbonizada e avaliar a viabilidade da utilização desses materiais como meio de crescimento para produção de mudas de essências nativas e exóticas. O experimento foi dividido em três fases nas quais foram realizados diversos ensaios. A primeira fase abrangeu a caracterização do lodo de esgoto, do material estruturante e do substrato comercial utilizado no viveiro através de análises químicas. A segunda fase envolveu a realização do processo de compostagem do lodo de esgoto utilizando-se restos de capim e grama cortados, como agente estruturante . Após a compostagem, o lodo de esgoto passou a receber a denominação de COLE ( composto orgânico de lodo de esgoto ) e foi submetido a nova análise química , microbiológica, parasitológica , além da condutividade elétrica. Posteriormente foi misturado com a casca de arroz carbonizada (CAC) nas proporções de 100/00 a 00/100 de COLE/CAC estabelecendo as misturas ou tratamentos que foram submetidos a análises para determinação das propriedades físicas, como macroporosidade, microporosidade, porosidade total , capacidade de retenção de água, densidade aparente . A terceira fase foi dividida em dois ensaios, sendo o primeiro um teste preliminar que utilizou o composto orgânico de lodo de esgoto para a semeadura e cultivo de uma planta indicadora , o tomate, que forneceu resultados que determinaram os tratamentos (substratos) para a instalação do ensaio final , que teve como objetivo o estudo do efeito do substrato na produção de mudas. O segundo ensaio compreendeu a avaliação da produção de essências nativas e exóticas e foi desenvolvido no viveiro municipal da Faculdade Municipal Professor Franco Montoro/Moji Guaçu, onde foram testadas como substrato as proporções 100/00, 90/10,80/20, 70/30, 60/40 (composto orgânico de lodo de esgoto /casca de arroz carbonizada ) utilizando-se tubetes , os quais foram comparados aos substratos testemunhas Plantmax da Eucatex e esterco de curral curtido utilizado pelo viveiro. Foram avaliados parâmetros relativos ao crescimento das mudas: altura de planta (H); diâmetro de colo (D); relação H/D; produção de matéria seca de parte aérea e raiz; relação matéria seca de raiz/matéria seca de parte aérea , área foliar e qualidade de torrão. Os resultados obtidos quanto à caracterização física, microbiológica e química do composto orgânico de lodo de esgoto ( COLE) , indicam que o material está adequado para ser utilizado como meio de propagação de espécies florestais. As mudas de árvores nativas Ingá, Mirindiba rosa e Coração de negro desenvolvidas em substratos contendo composto orgânico de lodo de esgoto ( COLE) / casca de arroz carbonizada (CAC) nas proporções 90/10 e 80/20, apresentaram resultados satisfatórios quando comparados às testemunhas. A espécie exótica Ipê de jardim apresentou bons resultados de crescimento e desenvolvimento das mudas na proporção 90%COLE /10%CAC . Com relação a caracterização nutricional das mudas de Ingá, observou-se que os tratamentos contendo doses de COLE de 70 a 100% apresentaram maior acúmulo de nutrientes nas folhas. A dose de 100% de COLE apresentou resultados superiores em crescimento da parte aérea das mudas, mas insatisfatórios no desenvolvimento das raízes, dificultando a retirada da muda do tubete e interferindo na qualidade final da muda. Com base nos resultados obtidos, conclui-se que o uso do composto orgânico de lodo de esgoto para produção de mudas em tubetes é bastante promissor desde que ele seja utilizado em composição com outro material estruturante , como por exemplo a casca de arroz carbonizada, a fim de se obterem mudas com melhores qualidades fisiológicas e morfológicas / Abstract: This work has as objective to study the physical and chemical characteristics of mixtures of different ratios of organic mixture of sewage with carbonized rice straw and to evaluate the viability of the use of these materials as medium of growth for production of seedlings of native and exotic essences. The experiment was divided in three phases where diverse assays had been carried through. The first phase enclosed the characterization of the sewage sludge, the structural material, and the used commercial substratum in the fishery, through chemical analyses. The second phase involved the accomplishment of the process of composting of the sewage sludge using itself cut remaining portions of grass and gram, as structural agent. After the composting of the sewage sludge to be called COLE ( organic mixture of sewage sludge) and was subdue the new chemical analyses , chemical of microorganism and electric conductivity. Subsequently the sewage sludge and mixes the carbonized rice straw, had been carried through analyses for determination of the physical properties, as macroporosity, microporosity, total porosity, water retention capacity , apparent density and electric conductivity. The third phase was divided in two assays, having been first a preliminary test that used the organic mixture of sewage sludge for the sowing and culture of an indicating plant, the tomato, that it supplied resulted that they had determined the treatments (substratum) for the installation of the final assay, that had as objective the study of the effect of the substratum in the production of seedlings. As the second assay understood the evaluation of the production of native and exotic essences and was developed in the municipal fishery of the Municipal College Professor Franco Montoro /Mogi Guaçu, where ratios had been tested as substratum, 100/00 90/10,80/20, 70/30, 60/40 (organic mixture of sewage sludge/ carbonized rice straw) using tubetes, which had been compared with substrate witnesses Plantmax of the Eucatex and dung of tanned corral used for the fishery. Relative parameters to the growth of the changes had been evaluated: height of plant (h); collar diameter (d); relation H/D; dry matter production of aerial part and root; ratio between dry matter of root and aerial part; leaf area and quality of aggregation of the substratum. The gotten results how much the physical, microbiological and chemical characterization, of the organic mixture of sewage sludge (COLE), indicates that the material is adjusted to be used as half of propagation of forest species. The changes of native trees Ingá, Mirindiba rosa and Coração de negro in substrata I contend organic mixture of sewage sludge (COLE)/ carbonized rice straw (CAC) in ratios 90/10 and 80/20, had presented resulted satisfactory when comparative the witnesses. The exotic species Ipê de jardim presented good results of growth and development of the seedlings in the ratio 90%COLE /10 %CAC. With regard to nutrition characterization of the seedlings of Ingá, it was observed that the treatments I contend doses of organic mixture of sewage sludge (COLE) of 70 the 100%, had presented greater accumulation of nutrients in leaf. The dose of 100% of organic mixture of sewage sludge (COLE) presented resulted superior in growth of the aerial part of the seedlings, but unsatisfactory in the development of the roots, making it difficult the withdrawal of the dumb one of container and intervening with the final quality of the seedling . On the basis of the gotten results, the use of the organic mixture of sewage sludge for production of seedlings in containers is concluded that, is sufficiently promising since that, the same either used in composition with another structural agent , as for example the carbonized rind of rice, in order to get seedlings with better physiological and morphologic qualities / Mestrado / Agua e Solo / Mestre em Engenharia Agrícola