O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar uma metodologia que possibilita a obtenção de uma linha de concretos auto-adensáveis de alta resistência, econômicos e com reduzido impacto ambiental quando comparados com os concretos correntes. Para atingir estes resultados foram estabelecidos critérios de dosagem e de produção visando à sinergia entre os materiais constituintes do concreto. Foram pesquisados métodos de empacotamento dos agregados e adições minerais, estudada a interação entre o aditivo superplastificante e os materiais cimentícios e a incorporação de fibras de lã-de-rocha ou poliamida. Os concretos com matriz densa sob efeito de temperaturas elevadas tendem a sofrer lascamentos explosivos. Diante disso foi verificado o comportamento de corpos de prova e os resultados indicaram a importância da adição da fibra de poliamida nessa condição, onde o concreto resistiu a uma temperatura de 400ºC. Ensaios de resistência à abrasão indicaram que a fibra de lã-de-rocha melhora essa propriedade do concreto e, como esperado, essa adição não inibe o lascamento explosivo do concreto. Também foram determinadas as propriedades mecânicas dos concretos e concluiu-se que é possível o emprego de um concreto estrutural auto-adensável com consumo de cimento Portland da ordem de 325 kg/\'M POT.3\', fc7 = 53 MPa, fc28 = 71 MPa e Ec28 = 43 GPa. Devido à ação das adições minerais, estes concretos atingiram uma grande reserva de resistência à compressão após a idade de referência de 28 dias, obtendo-se 89 MPa aos 131 dias de idade. A densificação da pasta hidratada, a melhoria da zona de interface desta com os agregados, além da fissuração reduzida decorrente do baixo consumo de cimento e da adição de fibras indicam que este material tem desempenho superior ao prescrito pela NBR 6118 para as diversas classes de agressividade ambiental e de resistência. / The aim of this work is to show a methodology that allows to realize a set of high strength self-consolidating concrete, economic and with lower environmental impact when compared with current concretes. To get these results, criteria for production and mix design had been established aiming at to synergy between constituent materials of the concrete. Methods of particles packing (aggregates and mineral additions), the interaction between the superplasticizer and cementitious materials and the fiber incorporation were researched. The concretes with dense matrix under effect of high temperatures are susceptible to explosive spalling. In this situation, concretes were evaluated by testing cylindrical specimens and results evidenced the importance of the polyamide fiber when the concrete supported 400ºC. Tests of abrasion resistance indicated a good application for the wool-of-rock fiber, but this material not avoids explosive spalling. The mechanical properties of the concretes were determined and show that is possible to product a self consolidate concrete with low cement content (325 kg/\'M POT.3\'), fc7 = 53 MPa, fc28 = 71 MPa and Ec28 = 43 GPa. Due to action of the mineral additions, these concretes had a great reserve of compressive strength after the age of reference of 28 days and achieved 89 MPa at 131 days of age. The high density cement paste, the improvement of the matrix-aggregate interfacial zone and the reduced cracking due to the low cement content and the fibre addition indicate that these materials has superior performance to those prescribed for the NBR 6118 for diverse strength classes and aggressive environmental exposure.

Submitted by Cátia Araújo (catia.araujo@unipampa.edu.br) on 2017-09-29T12:41:16Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Daniela Galiotto Padoin - 2017.pdf: 4389550 bytes, checksum: dc20fb8e625f388d3aa85db0857a79aa (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marlucy Farias Medeiros (marlucy.farias@unipampa.edu.br) on 2017-09-29T16:24:47Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Daniela Galiotto Padoin - 2017.pdf: 4389550 bytes, checksum: dc20fb8e625f388d3aa85db0857a79aa (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-29T16:24:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Daniela Galiotto Padoin - 2017.pdf: 4389550 bytes, checksum: dc20fb8e625f388d3aa85db0857a79aa (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-04-24 / Neste trabalho, foram estudadas as propriedades físicas, mecânicas, acústicas e térmicas de um traço de Concreto autoadensável (CAA) já utilizado por uma Usina de Concreto, e outros três traços com substituição de cimento Portland (CP) por Cinza de casca de arroz (CCA). O traço referência (sem substituição) foi utilizado na construção de um Edifício de parede de concreto. Os ensaios foram definidos a fim de ser possível a análise tanto da resistência à compressão e resistência à tração diametral, quanto o conforto térmico e acústico apresentado por esse material, quando comparado com o que é normatizado. Para isso, foram realizados os ensaios no estado fresco, garantindo as especificações de todas as propriedades exigidas para um concreto ser considerado autoadensável. Após essa caracterização, moldaram-se os corpos de prova necessários para todos os ensaios do estado endurecido, sendo corpos de prova cilíndricos (100x200mm) para ensaios mecânicos, cilíndricos (20x100mm) para ensaios acústicos e retangulares (300x300x100mm) para ensaios térmicos. No quesito de resistência à compressão, superou o fck estabelecido aos 28 dias, que era de 25 MPa. Analisando os valores encontrados para absorção e isolamento acústico, pode-se dizer que apresentaram resultados satisfatórios na menor faixa de frequência e, na maior, apresentaram alguns problemas que acredita-se serem referentes ao equipamento utilizado. No desempenho térmico, todos os traços, apresentaram resultados próximos entre si e a outros estudos da bibliografia e normas, não sendo influenciado pela substituição da CCA. Os resultados dos ensaios demonstraram que é possível substituir CP por CCA sem que haja prejuízo às características mecânicas os CAAs, e ainda obter ganhos econômicos. O melhor concreto, levando em conta todos os aspectos estudados, foi com 20% de substituição de CP por CCA. / In this work the physical, mechanical, acoustic and thermal properties of a Self-consolidating concrete (SCC) mix design already used by a concrete plant and others three mix design with Portland cement (PC) replacement by Rice husk ash (RHA) were studied. The reference mix design (without replacement) was used in the construction of a concrete wall building. The experimental tests were defined in order to allow the analysis of both the compressive strength and diametral tensile strength, as well as the thermal and acoustic comfort presented by this material, Thus, the tests were realized in the fresh state, guaranteeing the specifications of all properties required for a concrete to be considered self-consolidating. After this characterization, the necessary specimens were molded for all the hardened state tests, being cylindrical specimens (100x200mm) for mechanical tests, cylindrical (20x100mm) for acoustic tests and rectangular (300x300x100mm) for thermal tests. The compressive strength exceeded the fck established at 28 days, which was 25 MPa. Analyzing the values found for absorption and acoustic insulation, it can be said that they presented satisfactory results in the lower frequency range and, in the higher, presented some problems that are believed to be referring to the equipment used. In the thermal performance, all the mix design present close results among themselves and other studies of the bibliography and norms, not being influenced by replacement of the RHA. The tests results demonstrated that it is possible to replacement PC for RHA without impairing the mechanical features of the SCCs as well as to obtain economic gains. The best concrete, taking into account all aspects studied, was with a 20% replacement of PC for RHA.

Submitted by JOSIANE SANTOS DE OLIVEIRA (josianeso) on 2018-09-26T13:12:32Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Augusto Masiero Gil_.pdf: 7085344 bytes, checksum: 32676c681f7f8f1de66f6a4b43f3e394 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-26T13:12:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Augusto Masiero Gil_.pdf: 7085344 bytes, checksum: 32676c681f7f8f1de66f6a4b43f3e394 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-05-29 / itt Performance - Instituto Tecnológico em Desempenho da Construção Civil / O concreto autoadensável (CAA) é conhecido por sua elevada fluidez e estabilidade reológica no estado fresco, enquanto que o concreto reforçado com fibras (CRF) é conhecido por sua elevada capacidade de absorção de energia, evitando a ruptura frágil do material. Na última década, tem sido buscada a sinergia destas tecnologias com o concreto autoadensável reforçado com fibras (CAA-RF), que, além de apresentar propriedades mecânicas avançadas, permite uma melhor dispersão das fibras. No entanto, a incorporação de fibras tende a ocasionar a perda de trabalhabilidade da mistura, devido ao intertravamento com os agregados e ao aumento da área superficial de materiais secos na mistura. Este trabalho teve como objetivo contribuir para o desenvolvimento de um método de dosagem de CAA-RF, relacionando propriedades nos estados fresco e endurecido. Assim, a composição da mistura é alterada de modo a incluir fibras, mantendo a mesma espessura de argamassa sobre os agregados e as fibras da mistura de CAA original, considerando a área superficial de seus componentes e a composição volumétrica. Foram realizadas dosagens com três tipos de fibras metálicas, de diferentes características geométricas, incorporadas em três teores, de modo a compor o diagrama de dosagem proposto. Os resultados dos ensaios realizados no estado fresco evidenciaram pequenas alterações em suas propriedades, com o aumento do espalhamento, porém atendendo às mesmas classes da mistura referência. Verificou-se, no entanto, que misturas com maiores teores de fibras mais longas e com maior fator de forma apresentaram maior perda de estabilidade e de dispersão das fibras, evidenciando a ocorrência de segregação pelo excesso de fluidez das misturas. A partir dos ensaios no estado endurecido foi possível verificar que a incorporação de fibras pelo método proposto contribuiu para o aumento das propriedades mecânicas das misturas, com exceção do módulo de elasticidade. Foram verificados valores de resistência à compressão na ordem de 84,5 MPa, com influência significativa do tipo de fibra, de acordo com a análise de variância realizada. A instabilidade de algumas misturas afetou a distribuição de fibras na seção fissurada, apesar de haver o aumento do fator de tenacidade com o teor de incorporação, principal parâmetro adotado no diagrama de dosagem proposto. / Self-consolidating concrete (SCC) is known for its high fluidity and rheological stability in the fresh state, while fiber reinforced concrete (FRC) is known for its high energy absorption capacity, avoiding fragile rupture. In the last decade, the synergy of these technologies has been researched with self-consolidating fiber-reinforced concrete (FR-SCC), which allows better dispersion of the fibers, in addition to the advanced mechanical properties. However, the incorporation of fibers tends to cause the mixture’s loss of workability due to its interlocking with the aggregates and the increase of dry materials’ surface area in the mixture. This study aimed to contribute to the development of a mix design method for FR-SCC, relating properties in the fresh and hardened states. Thus, the mixture composition is modified to include fibers maintaining the same mortar thickness over aggregates and fibers as in the original SCC mixture, considering the surface area of its components and the volumetric composition. Mixtures with three types of steel fibers, of different geometric characteristics, incorporated in three contents each in order to compose the proposed mix design nomogram. The results of the tests performed in the fresh state showed small changes in their properties, with the increase of the slump-flow, but attending the same classes of the reference mixture. It was verified, however, that mixtures with higher fiber content, longer and with higher aspect ratio, showed greater loss of stability and fiber dispersion, evidencing the occurrence of fiber segregation due to excess mixture fluidity. From the tests in the hardened state it was possible to verify that the incorporation of fibers by the proposed method contributed to the improvement of mechanical properties, with the exception of the modulus of elasticity. Compressive strength values were verified in the order of 84.5 MPa, with significant influence of the fiber type, according to the analysis of variance performed. Although the instability of some blends in the fresh state affected the distribution of fibers in the cracked section, the toughness factor increased with the incorporation content, main parameter adopted in the dosage diagram.

It is important to ensure that vulnerable structures (federal and provincial offices, military structures, embassies, etc) are blast resistant to safeguard life and critical infrastructure. In the wake of recent malicious attacks and accidental explosions, it is becoming increasingly important to ensure that columns in structures are properly detailed to provide the ductility and continuity necessary to prevent progressive collapse. Research has shown that steel fibre reinforced concrete (SFRC) can enhance many of the properties of concrete, including improved post-cracking tensile capacity, enhanced shear resistance, and increased ductility. The enhanced properties of SFRC make it an ideal candidate for use in the blast resistant design of structures. There is limited research on the behaviour of SFRC under high strain rates, including impact and blast loading, and some of this data is conflicting, with some researchers showing that the additional ductility normally evident in SFRC is absent or reduced at high strain loading. On the other hand, other data indicates that SFRC can improve toughness and energy-absorption capacity under extreme loading conditions. This thesis presents the results of experimental research involving tests of scaled reinforced concrete columns exposed to shock wave induced impulsive loads using the University of Ottawa Shock Tube. A total of 13 half-scale steel fibre reinforced concrete columns, 8 with normal strength steel fibre reinforced concrete (SFRC) and 5 with an ultra high performance fibre reinforced concrete (UHPFRC), were constructed and tested under simulated blast pressures. The columns were designed according to CSA A23.3 standards for both seismic and non-seismic regions, using various fibre amounts and types. Each column was exposed to similar shock wave loads in order to provide direct comparisons between seismic and non-seismically detailed columns, amount of steel fibres, type of steel fibres, and type of concrete. The dynamic response of the columns tested in the experimental program is predicted by generating dynamic load-deformation resistance functions for SFRC and UHPFRC columns and using single degree of freedom dynamic analysis software, RCBlast. The analytical results are compared to experimental data, and shown to accurately predict the maximum mid-span displacements of the fibre reinforced concrete columns under shock wave loading.

The introduction of fibre-reinforced polymers (FRPs) to the field of civil engineering has led to numerous research efforts focusing on a wide range of applications where properties such as high strength, light weight or corrosion resistance are desirable. In particular, FRP materials have been especially attractive for use as internal reinforcement in reinforced concrete (RC) structures exposed to aggressive environments due to the rapidly deteriorating infrastructure resulting from corrosion of conventional steel reinforcement. While FRPs have been successfully implemented in a variety of structural applications, little research has been conducted on the use of FRP reinforcement for short span slab bridges. Furthermore, the behaviour of FRP-RC flexural members cast with self-consolidating concrete (SCC) is largely absent from the literature. The present study investigates the behaviour of an all-FRP reinforcement system for slab bridges which combines lower cost glass FRP (GFRP) reinforcing bars with high performance carbon FRP (CFRP) prestressed tendons in SCC to produce a structure which is both cost-efficient and characterized by excellent structural performance at the serviceability, ultimate and fatigue limit states. An extensive experimental program comprised of 57 large or full-scale slab strips was conducted to investigate the effects of reinforcement type, reinforcement ratio, prestressing level and shear reinforcement type on the flexural performance of slab bridges under both monotonic and fatigue loading. The proposed reinforcement system was found to display excellent serviceability characteristics and high load capacities as well as significant deformability to allow for sufficient warning prior to failure. Lastly, the use of post-tensioned CFRP tendons limited the stresses in the GFRP reinforcing bars leading to significantly longer fatigue lives and higher fatigue strengths compared to non-prestressed slabs. Analytical models were used to predict the behaviour of the slab bridge strips at service and at ultimate. Where these models failed to accurately represent the experimental findings, simple modifications were proposed. The results from ancillary tests were also used to modify existing analytical models to predict the effects of fatigue loading on the deflection, crack width, shear resistance and flexural capacity of each of the tested slabs.

Self consolidating concrete (SCC) is defined as an innovative concrete that does not require vibration for placing and compaction and it is able to flow under its own weight, completely filling formwork and achieving full compaction. Although significant amount of research has been carried out regarding the fresh properties, mix design, placing methods and strength of various SCC mixes, only a very limited amount of work has been done to assess the durability performance of SCC. Concretes in cold climates are subjected to freeze-thaw cycles which are one of the major durability problems, and if the concrete is in a saturated or nearly saturated condition, those cycles lead to expansion of the water in the capillary pores of concrete causing great internal stresses. For a durable concrete subjected to freeze-thaw cycles, an adequate air void system is obtained by using air-entraining admixtures. The performance of the air void system is characterized by air void parameters that are determined using microscopical examination of the concrete microstructure. In this thesis a software tool, based on image analysis of concrete surface, is developed to evaluate the air void parameters of concrete using both American and European standards. Later on, an experimental program is conducted to evaluate the effect of freezing-thawing on self consolidating concrete that contain different percentages of fly ash (FA) and air entraining agents. For this purpose, a total of ten self consolidating concrete mixtures that contain four different contents of fly ash, and three different levels of air entrainment were prepared. During the casting operation, the workability properties of SCCs were observed through slump flow time and diameter, air content, V-funnel flow time, L-box height ratio, and segregation ratio. Hardened properties were evaluated by compressive strength, permeability tests (water absorption, sorptivity and rapid chloride permeability test), freezing-thawing test, resonant frequency test, ultrasonic pulse velocity test. The developed tool was used to characterize and evaluate the effects of air void parameters of SCC on its resistance to freeze-thaw cycles. At the end of this experimental investigation, it was concluded that the addition of air entraining agent increased the flowability and an increase in the fly ash content decreased the effect of air entraining agent. On the other hand, during image processing, it was observed that the surface preparation procedures have a crucial effect on processing quality. Moreover, spacing factor -which is the most important air void characteristic that is utilized for determination of the resistance to freezing-thawing- should not be restricted to 0.2 mm for SCC, since SCCs with spacing factors smaller than 0.4 mm could still exhibit good freezethaw resistance.

The introduction of fibre-reinforced polymers (FRPs) to the field of civil engineering has led to numerous research efforts focusing on a wide range of applications where properties such as high strength, light weight or corrosion resistance are desirable. In particular, FRP materials have been especially attractive for use as internal reinforcement in reinforced concrete (RC) structures exposed to aggressive environments due to the rapidly deteriorating infrastructure resulting from corrosion of conventional steel reinforcement. While FRPs have been successfully implemented in a variety of structural applications, little research has been conducted on the use of FRP reinforcement for short span slab bridges. Furthermore, the behaviour of FRP-RC flexural members cast with self-consolidating concrete (SCC) is largely absent from the literature. The present study investigates the behaviour of an all-FRP reinforcement system for slab bridges which combines lower cost glass FRP (GFRP) reinforcing bars with high performance carbon FRP (CFRP) prestressed tendons in SCC to produce a structure which is both cost-efficient and characterized by excellent structural performance at the serviceability, ultimate and fatigue limit states. An extensive experimental program comprised of 57 large or full-scale slab strips was conducted to investigate the effects of reinforcement type, reinforcement ratio, prestressing level and shear reinforcement type on the flexural performance of slab bridges under both monotonic and fatigue loading. The proposed reinforcement system was found to display excellent serviceability characteristics and high load capacities as well as significant deformability to allow for sufficient warning prior to failure. Lastly, the use of post-tensioned CFRP tendons limited the stresses in the GFRP reinforcing bars leading to significantly longer fatigue lives and higher fatigue strengths compared to non-prestressed slabs. Analytical models were used to predict the behaviour of the slab bridge strips at service and at ultimate. Where these models failed to accurately represent the experimental findings, simple modifications were proposed. The results from ancillary tests were also used to modify existing analytical models to predict the effects of fatigue loading on the deflection, crack width, shear resistance and flexural capacity of each of the tested slabs.

O concreto autodensável (CAA) vem conquistando o espaço do concreto convencional (CCV), predominantemente pelo fato de não demandar adensamento, eliminando parte da mão de obra. As propriedades do CAA em seu estado endurecido são maiores do que no concreto convencional por apresentar diferença na distribuição dos poros. Com adição de fibras de aço ao CAA, as propriedades mecânicas são melhoradas principalmente nos esforços de tração na flexão. Relacionado a isso, a presente pesquisa buscou avaliar o comportamento mecânico do CAA com a incorporação de diferentes formas de fibras de aço nos teores de 0,5%, 0,75% e 1,0% nos tipos ancorada, raiada e corrugada e, com diferentes adições minerais: sílica ativa (AS) e fíler calcário (AF). Os compósitos foram submetidos a ensaios tanto no estado fresco como no estado endurecido. No estado fresco, foram executados os ensaios de espalhamento, t500, funil V e caixa L e no estado endurecido os ensaios de resistência à compressão axial, módulo de elasticidade e resistência à tração na flexão. Com o objetivo de analisar o comportamento da zona de transição, todas as misturas sofreram ensaios de microscopia eletrônica de varredura. Os resultados apontaram que foi possível manter as características de adensabilidade do CAA para todas as misturas. O ganho na resistência à compressão foram mais expressivas com as fibras tipo ancorada e corrugada no teor de 1,0% com sílica ativa. No módulo de elasticidade os ganhos não foram significativos. Na resistência à tração na flexão, quando comparado com a resistência à compressão, o maior ganho foi de 8,40% para adição de sílica ativa e de 10,44% para fíler calcário no teor de 1,0% de fibra de aço tipo ancorada. / The autodensible concrete (CAA) has been conquering the space of conventional concrete (CCV), predominantly because it does not demand densification, eliminating part of the workforce. The properties of CAA in its hardened state are larger than in conventional concrete because of the difference in pore distribution. With addition of steel fibers to the CAA, the mechanical properties are improved mainly in the tensile stresses in the flexion. The present study aimed to evaluate the mechanical behavior of the CAA with the incorporation of different forms of steel fibers in the 0.5%, 0.75% and 1.0% in the anchor, corrugated and anchor types, with different mineral additions: active silica (AS) and limestone filler (FA). The composites were tested in both the fresh and hardened state. In the fresh state, the tests of spreading, t500, funnel V and box L and in the hardened state the tests of resistance to axial compression, modulus of elasticity and tensile strength in the flexion were executed. In order to analyze the behavior of the transition zone, all the blends underwent scanning electron microscopy. The results indicated that it was possible to maintain the characteristics of the CAA for all mixtures. The gain in the compressive strength was more expressive with the anchored and corrugated type fibers in the 1.0% content with active silica. In the modulus of elasticity the gains were not significant. In the flexural tensile strength, when compared to the compressive strength, the highest gain was 8,40% for the addition of active silica and 10,44% for limefilter in the content of 1.0% of type steel fiber anchored.

CAPES / O concreto autoadensável (CAA) apresenta-se como o concreto do futuro por aumentar o rendimento e reduzir barulho e risco de acidentes nas obras, além de possibilitar a execução de elementos esbeltos ou com elevada taxa de armadura, além da eliminação do processo de adensamento do concreto. No entanto, por apresentar um alto teor de pasta cimento, e refinamento da rede porosa existe o aumento das forças capilares e, por consequência, elevação das mudanças volumétricas presentes na matriz cimentícias, oriundas do processo de retração por hidratação e de secagem dessa matriz. Desta forma, esse trabalho busca avaliar a eficácia de diferentes soluções mitigadoras de retração (autógena e por secagem), em misturas de CAA, sendo utilizado como adições ao estudo: aditivo redutor de retração (SRA), adição compensadora de retração do tipo-S (CSA), fibra polimérica de polipropileno (FP) e um tipo de polímero superabsorvente a base de poliacrilato de potássio (SAP). Com o objetivo de analisar o desempenho dessas adições foram realizados os ensaios de retração, conforme NM 131 (1997) e avaliação da influência dessas adições nas propriedades no estado fresco e endurecido do CAA. As misturas de CAA foram confeccionadas com três diferentes cimentos (CP V ARI, CP II-Z e CP II-E) em combinação com três teores de SRA (1%, 1,5% e 2%), com três teores de CSA (3%, 5% e 7%), com três teores de FP (0,05%, 0,10% e 0,15%) e com três teores de SPA (0,10%, 0,15% e 0,20%) totalizando 39 amostras. Os resultados de ANOVA mostraram que tanto o tipo de cimento, quanto o tipo da adição influenciam significativamente as propriedades avaliadas nesse estudo, tanto as do estado fresco quanto endurecido. Para mitigar a retração autógena e hidráulica foi verificado a influência do tipo de cimento e adição, onde o emprego de CP II-Z reduz a retração entre os cimentos para as misturas de controle, e a adição de 7% de CSA resultam em menores retrações para todos os concretos. Com os resultados obtidos foi verificado que definir o melhor tipo de adição mitigadora da retração ao CAA é um processo complexo, pois exige, além da análise em laboratório, análise da sua aplicação em campo. Ressalta-se que as adições são, em diferentes proporções, capazes de afetar em diferentes ruas, a retração e as propriedades mecânicas do concreto. Deve-se também ressaltar, que tanto a habilidade passante, quanto a perda de trabalhabilidade, são também afetadas pela escolha do tipo de cimento, tipo de adição e teor empregado. Entretanto, em que pese o fato da ocorrência dessas mudanças, foi possível constatar que os concretos produzidos com cimento CP V ARI e fibra polimérica, nos teores de 0,05%, ou com aditivo compensador de retração, no teor de 7%, apresentam-se como potencialmente aplicáveis em várias utilizações. / Self-compacting concrete (CAA) is the concrete of the future for increasing the performance and reducing noise and risk of accidents in the works, besides allowing the execution of slender elements or with a high rate of reinforcement, besides the elimination of the densification process The concrete. However, due to the high content of cement paste and the porous network refinement, there is an increase in the capillary forces and, consequently, increase of the volumetric changes present in the cement matrix, resulting from the retraction process by hydration and drying of the matrix. In this way, this work seeks to evaluate the effectiveness of different retraction mitigation solutions (autogenous and by drying), in CAA mixtures, being used as additions to the study: additive retraction reducer (SRA), compensatory addition of Stype retraction (CSA), polypropylene polymer fiber (FP) and a type of superabsorbent polymer based on potassium polyacrylate (SAP). To analyze the performance of these additions, the retraction tests were performed according to NM 131 (1997) and evaluation of the influence of these additions on the fresh and hardened CAA properties. The CAA mixtures were made with three different cements (CP V ARI, CP II-Z and CP II-E) in combination with three contents of RAS (1%, 1,5% and 2%), with three levels of CSA (3%, 5% and 7%), with three levels of PF (0.05%, 0.10% and 0.15%) and three SPA contents (0.10%, 0.15% and 0.20%) totaling 39 samples. The results of ANOVA showed that both the type of cement and the type of addition significantly influence the properties evaluated in this study, both fresh and hardened. In order to mitigate the autogenous and hydraulic retraction, the influence of cement type and addition was verified, where the use of CP II-Z reduces the retraction between the cements for the control mixtures, and the addition of 7% of CSA results in smaller retractions For all concrete. With the results obtained, it was verified that defining the best type of addition mitigation of retraction to the CAA is a complex process, since it requires, besides the analysis in the laboratory, analysis of its application in the field. It should be noted that the additions are, in different proportions, able to affect in different streets, the retraction and the mechanical properties of the concrete. It should also be noted that both the throughput and the loss of workability are also affected by the choice of cement type, type of addition and content employed. However, in spite of the fact of the occurrence of these changes, it was possible to verify that the concretes produced with cement CP V ARI and polymer fiber, in the contents of 0.05%, or with compensating additive of retraction, in the content of 7%, present Themselves as potentially applicable in various uses.

CAPES / O concreto autoadensável (CAA) apresenta-se como o concreto do futuro por aumentar o rendimento e reduzir barulho e risco de acidentes nas obras, além de possibilitar a execução de elementos esbeltos ou com elevada taxa de armadura, além da eliminação do processo de adensamento do concreto. No entanto, por apresentar um alto teor de pasta cimento, e refinamento da rede porosa existe o aumento das forças capilares e, por consequência, elevação das mudanças volumétricas presentes na matriz cimentícias, oriundas do processo de retração por hidratação e de secagem dessa matriz. Desta forma, esse trabalho busca avaliar a eficácia de diferentes soluções mitigadoras de retração (autógena e por secagem), em misturas de CAA, sendo utilizado como adições ao estudo: aditivo redutor de retração (SRA), adição compensadora de retração do tipo-S (CSA), fibra polimérica de polipropileno (FP) e um tipo de polímero superabsorvente a base de poliacrilato de potássio (SAP). Com o objetivo de analisar o desempenho dessas adições foram realizados os ensaios de retração, conforme NM 131 (1997) e avaliação da influência dessas adições nas propriedades no estado fresco e endurecido do CAA. As misturas de CAA foram confeccionadas com três diferentes cimentos (CP V ARI, CP II-Z e CP II-E) em combinação com três teores de SRA (1%, 1,5% e 2%), com três teores de CSA (3%, 5% e 7%), com três teores de FP (0,05%, 0,10% e 0,15%) e com três teores de SPA (0,10%, 0,15% e 0,20%) totalizando 39 amostras. Os resultados de ANOVA mostraram que tanto o tipo de cimento, quanto o tipo da adição influenciam significativamente as propriedades avaliadas nesse estudo, tanto as do estado fresco quanto endurecido. Para mitigar a retração autógena e hidráulica foi verificado a influência do tipo de cimento e adição, onde o emprego de CP II-Z reduz a retração entre os cimentos para as misturas de controle, e a adição de 7% de CSA resultam em menores retrações para todos os concretos. Com os resultados obtidos foi verificado que definir o melhor tipo de adição mitigadora da retração ao CAA é um processo complexo, pois exige, além da análise em laboratório, análise da sua aplicação em campo. Ressalta-se que as adições são, em diferentes proporções, capazes de afetar em diferentes ruas, a retração e as propriedades mecânicas do concreto. Deve-se também ressaltar, que tanto a habilidade passante, quanto a perda de trabalhabilidade, são também afetadas pela escolha do tipo de cimento, tipo de adição e teor empregado. Entretanto, em que pese o fato da ocorrência dessas mudanças, foi possível constatar que os concretos produzidos com cimento CP V ARI e fibra polimérica, nos teores de 0,05%, ou com aditivo compensador de retração, no teor de 7%, apresentam-se como potencialmente aplicáveis em várias utilizações. / Self-compacting concrete (CAA) is the concrete of the future for increasing the performance and reducing noise and risk of accidents in the works, besides allowing the execution of slender elements or with a high rate of reinforcement, besides the elimination of the densification process The concrete. However, due to the high content of cement paste and the porous network refinement, there is an increase in the capillary forces and, consequently, increase of the volumetric changes present in the cement matrix, resulting from the retraction process by hydration and drying of the matrix. In this way, this work seeks to evaluate the effectiveness of different retraction mitigation solutions (autogenous and by drying), in CAA mixtures, being used as additions to the study: additive retraction reducer (SRA), compensatory addition of Stype retraction (CSA), polypropylene polymer fiber (FP) and a type of superabsorbent polymer based on potassium polyacrylate (SAP). To analyze the performance of these additions, the retraction tests were performed according to NM 131 (1997) and evaluation of the influence of these additions on the fresh and hardened CAA properties. The CAA mixtures were made with three different cements (CP V ARI, CP II-Z and CP II-E) in combination with three contents of RAS (1%, 1,5% and 2%), with three levels of CSA (3%, 5% and 7%), with three levels of PF (0.05%, 0.10% and 0.15%) and three SPA contents (0.10%, 0.15% and 0.20%) totaling 39 samples. The results of ANOVA showed that both the type of cement and the type of addition significantly influence the properties evaluated in this study, both fresh and hardened. In order to mitigate the autogenous and hydraulic retraction, the influence of cement type and addition was verified, where the use of CP II-Z reduces the retraction between the cements for the control mixtures, and the addition of 7% of CSA results in smaller retractions For all concrete. With the results obtained, it was verified that defining the best type of addition mitigation of retraction to the CAA is a complex process, since it requires, besides the analysis in the laboratory, analysis of its application in the field. It should be noted that the additions are, in different proportions, able to affect in different streets, the retraction and the mechanical properties of the concrete. It should also be noted that both the throughput and the loss of workability are also affected by the choice of cement type, type of addition and content employed. However, in spite of the fact of the occurrence of these changes, it was possible to verify that the concretes produced with cement CP V ARI and polymer fiber, in the contents of 0.05%, or with compensating additive of retraction, in the content of 7%, present Themselves as potentially applicable in various uses.