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Extending Plasmonics in Semiconductors to Higher Operating FrequenciesWong, Herman Man Kai 29 August 2011 (has links)
This thesis examines the feasibility of using conventional semiconductors, specifically GaAs, as a plasmonic material at the operating wavelength of 1550nm, due to its many merits such as achievable low losses and mature micro-fabrication technologies. A theoretical study is performed on GaAs that yielded the condition for plasmonic behaviour at a minimum free carrier density of 7.2 x 10^20cm^-3 in bulk materials. The most feasible route to achieving this condition is determined to be intense optical excitation, and the required intensity considering a 150fs pulse at the above bandgap wavelength of 870nm is approximately 2.55TW/cm^2. A Bragg reflection ridge waveguide (BRW) using
GaAs-AlGaAs is designed and micro-fabricated, and a counter-propagating pump-probe experiment is devised to test the plasmonic effect using the BRW. Results from two different ultrafast lasers include the observation of pump (870nm and 800nm) coupling to fundamental Bragg modes, and the measurement of the pump transmission spectrum.
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Extending Plasmonics in Semiconductors to Higher Operating FrequenciesWong, Herman Man Kai 29 August 2011 (has links)
This thesis examines the feasibility of using conventional semiconductors, specifically GaAs, as a plasmonic material at the operating wavelength of 1550nm, due to its many merits such as achievable low losses and mature micro-fabrication technologies. A theoretical study is performed on GaAs that yielded the condition for plasmonic behaviour at a minimum free carrier density of 7.2 x 10^20cm^-3 in bulk materials. The most feasible route to achieving this condition is determined to be intense optical excitation, and the required intensity considering a 150fs pulse at the above bandgap wavelength of 870nm is approximately 2.55TW/cm^2. A Bragg reflection ridge waveguide (BRW) using
GaAs-AlGaAs is designed and micro-fabricated, and a counter-propagating pump-probe experiment is devised to test the plasmonic effect using the BRW. Results from two different ultrafast lasers include the observation of pump (870nm and 800nm) coupling to fundamental Bragg modes, and the measurement of the pump transmission spectrum.
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Role of Interchain Interaction in Determining the Band Gap of Trigonal Selenium: A Density Functional Theory Study with a Linear Combination of Bloch Orbitals / 三方晶系セレンのバンドギャップ決定における鎖間相互作用の役割: ブロッホ軌道の線形結合を用いた密度汎関数法による研究Matsui, Masafuyu 23 January 2015 (has links)
京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・論文博士 / 博士(理学) / 乙第12887号 / 論理博第1545号 / 新制||理||1580(附属図書館) / 31641 / 京都大学大学院理学研究科 / (主査)教授 林 重彦, 教授 松本 吉泰, 教授 谷村 吉隆 / 学位規則第4条第2項該当 / Doctor of Science / Kyoto University / DGAM
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Transição semicondutor-metal em nanocristais de VO2 termoeletricamente ativada / Transição semicondutor-metal em nanocristais de VO2 termoeletricamente ativadaSilva, Luciane Janice Venturini da 26 May 2015 (has links)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / In this thesis, structural and electrical characteristics are investigated around the thermally
triggered semiconductor to metal transition in VO2 thin films. The films, the metallics
electrodes, as well as SiO2 buffer layers have been deposited by reactive magnetron sputtering
onto Si substrates. The crystallographic and morphological characteristics have been observed
through measurements of X-Ray diffraction as a function of the temperature, and atomic force
microscopy (AFM). The nanoscale electrical characterization have been performed using a measurement
system via nano-tips.
The results of X-ray diffraction at room temperature revealed that the samples are polycrystalline
and are strongly textured in the < 011 > direction, which is almost perpendicular to
the substrate plane. The X-Ray diffraction spectra have been extracted at different temperatures
to follow the crystallographic transition experienced by VO2 near the transition temperature.
For films deposited on SiO2 (without electrodes) and the Ta electrode at temperatures below
the critical temperature for the transition, the material presented in the monoclinic phase M1.
Within the range of temperatures that comprises the transition occurs progressive appearance of
the peak corresponding to the (110) plane of R rutile phase. Within a range at relatively higher
temperatures, there is a coexistence of phases R and M1 and M2 may be the M2 monoclinic.
As would be expected, the peak of rutile structure grows to the point of being virtually the only
present when the temperature reaches about 80°C. The transition from one crystallographic
film VO2 with Pd electrode was accompanied by diffraction measured at room temperature.
The peak (011) of phase M1 is much smaller compared to the samples deposited on Ta electrode.
However, contrary to the Ta electrode film which is likely to have grown in the shape
of very small nano-grain or even amorphous form, the Pd electrode film is polycrystalline and
highly textured.
The transport properties during the electrical phase transition were investigated using
injection of electrical current perpendicular to the sample plane. Films grown on Ta electrodes
showed abrupt semiconductor-metal phase transitions in different nano-crystallites VO2. The IV
characteristics of the film on the Pd electrode had an S-NDR region, specifically attributed to
the formation of a filamentary current flow between the Pd probe and the electrode. The details
of this phenomenon could not be established definitively, but if in fact the electrical transition is
present in nano-crystallites measured, it was suggested that the origin of this conducting channel
may be related to reminiscent earlier phase transitions. / Nesta tese, realizou-se uma investigação estrutural e elétrica em torno da transição
semicondutor-metal desencadeada termicamente em filmes finos de VO2. Os filmes foram depositados
por magnetron sputtering reativo, os eletrodos metálicos, bem como camadas buffers
de SiO2 sobre os substratos de Si foram depositados por magnetron sputtering. As características
cristalográficas e morfológicas foram evidenciadas através de medidas de difração de
raios-X em função da temperatura e microscopia de força atômica (AFM), respectivamente. A
caracterização elétrica, em nanoescala foi realizada utilizando-se um sistema de medidas via
nano-ponteiras.
Os resultados de difração de raios-X à temperatura ambiente revelaram que as amostras
são policristalinas e estão fortemente texturizados com a direção < 011 > praticamente perpendicular
ao plano do substrato. Os difratogramas em função da temperatura foram realizados para
acompanhar a transição cristalográfica que o VO2 apresenta próximo a temperatura de 68°C.
Para os filmes depositados sobre SiO2 (sem eletrodo) e sobre o eletrodo de Ta, em temperaturas
abaixo da temperatura crítica para a transição, o material apresentou-se na fase monoclínica
M1. Na faixa de temperaturas que compreende a transição, ocorre o surgimento progressivo
do pico correspondente ao plano (110) da fase rutila R. Para uma faixa relativamente grande
de temperaturas, há uma coexistência das fases M1 e R e, eventualmente da monoclínica M2.
Como seria de se esperar, o pico da estrutura rutila cresce até o ponto de ser praticamente o
único presente, quando a temperatura atingiu cerca de 80°C. A transição cristalográfica de um
filme de VO2 com eletrodo de Pd foi acompanhada por medidas de difração à temperatura ambiente.
O pico (011) da fase M1 é muito menor comparado ao das amostras depositadas sobre
eletrodo de Ta. Porém, contrariamente ao eletrodo de Ta, que provavelmente tenha crescido na
forma de nano-grãos muito pequenos ou mesmo na forma amorfa, o filme de Pd depositado é
policristalino e bastante texturizado.
As propriedades de transporte durante a transição de fase elétrica forma investigadas
utilizando-se injeção de corrente elétrica perpendicular ao plano da amostra. Esta investigação,
para os filmes crescidos sobre eletrodo de Ta, mostraram abruptas transições de fase
semicondutor-metal em diferentes nano-cristalitos de VO2. As características I-V do filme com
eletrodo de Pd apresentaram uma região com S-NDR, especificamente atribuída à formação de
um regime filamentar de corrente entre a ponteira e o eletrodo de Pd. Os detalhes deste fenômeno
não puderam ser estabelecidos de forma definitiva, mas se de fato a transição elétrica está
presente nos nano-cristalitos medidos, sugeriu-se que a origem deste canal condutor pode estar
relacionada com transições de fase anteriores e remanescentes.
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