This thesis presents the design of Kalman filter based attitude determination algorithms for a hypothetical LEO satellite and for a satellite attitude control test setup. For the hypothetical LEO satellite, an Extended Kalman Filter based attitude determination algorithms are formed with a multi-mode structure that employs the different sensor combinations and as well as online switching between these combinations depending on the sensor availability. The performance of these different attitude determination modes are investigated through Monte Carlo simulations. New attitude determination algorithms are prepared for the satellite attitude control test setup by considering the constraints on the selection of the suitable sensors. Here, performances of the Extended Kalman Filter and Unscented Kalman Filter are investigated. It is shown that robust and sufficiently accurate attitude estimation for the test setup is achievable by using the Unscented Kalman Filter.

The technique of sensor fusion addresses the issues relating to the optimality of decision-making in the multiple-sensor framework. The advances in sensor fusion enable to perform intrusion detection for both rare and new attacks. This thesis discusses this assertion in detail, and describes the theoretical and experimental work done to show its validity. The attack-detector relationship is initially modeled and validated to understand the detection scenario. The different metrics available for the evaluation of intrusion detection systems are also introduced. The usefulness of the data set used for experimental evaluation has been demonstrated. The issues connected with intrusion detection systems are analyzed and the need for incorporating multiple detectors and their fusion is established in this work. Sensor fusion provides advantages with respect to reliability and completeness, in addition to intuitive and meaningful results. The goal for this work is to investigate how to combine data from diverse intrusion detection systems in order to improve the detection rate and reduce the false-alarm rate. The primary objective of the proposed thesis work is to develop a theoretical and practical basis for enhancing the performance of intrusion detection systems using advances in sensor fusion with easily available intrusion detection systems. This thesis introduces the mathematical basis for sensor fusion in order to provide enough support for the acceptability of sensor fusion in performance enhancement of intrusion detection systems. The thesis also shows the practical feasibility of performance enhancement using advances in sensor fusion and discusses various sensor fusion algorithms, its characteristics and related design and implementation is-sues. We show that it is possible to build performance enhancement to intrusion detection systems by setting proper threshold bounds and also by rule-based fusion. We introduce an architecture called the data-dependent decision fusion as a framework for building intrusion detection systems using sensor fusion based on data-dependency. Furthermore, we provide information about the types of data, the data skewness problems and the most effective algorithm in detecting different types of attacks. This thesis also proposes and incorporates a modified evidence theory for the fusion unit, which performs very well for the intrusion detection application. The future improvements in individual IDSs can also be easily incorporated in this technique in order to obtain better detection capabilities. Experimental evaluation shows that the proposed methods have the capability of detecting a significant percentage of rare and new attacks. The improved performance of the IDS using the algorithms that has been developed in this thesis, if deployed fully would contribute to an enormous reduction of the successful attacks over a period of time. This has been demonstrated in the thesis and is a right step towards making the cyber space safer.