The objectives of this research work are to investigate, design and implement active integrated antennas comprising active devices connected directly to the patch radiators, for various applications in high efficiency RF front-ends, integrated oscillator antennas, design and optimization of harmonic suppression antennas using a genetic algorithm (GA). A computer-aided design approach to obtain a class F operation to optimizing the optimal fundamental load impedance and designing the input matching circuits for an active integrated antenna of the transmitting type is proposed and a case study of a design for 1.6 GHz is used to confirm the design principle. A study of active integrated oscillator antennas with a series feed back using a pseudomorphic high electronmobility transistor (PHEMT) confirms the design procedure in simulation and measurement for the oscillator circuit connected directly to the active antenna. Subsequently, another design of active oscillator antenna using bipolar junction transistor (BJT) improves the phase noise of the oscillation and in addition to achieve amplitude shift keying (ASK) and amplitude modulation (AM) modulation using the proposed design circuit. Moreover, the possibility of using a sensor patch technique to find the power accepted by the antenna at harmonic frequencies is studied. A novel numerical solution, for designing and optimizing active patch antennas for harmonic suppression using GA in collaboration with numerical electromagnetic computation (NEC), is presented. A new FORTRAN program is developed and used for adaptively meshing any planar antenna structure in terms of wire grid surface structures. The program is subsequently implemented in harmonic suppression antenna design and optimization using GA. The simulation and measurement results for several surface structures show a good agreement.

yes / The objectives of this research work are to investigate, design and implement active integrated antennas comprising active devices connected directly to the patch radiators, for various applications in high efficiency RF front-ends, integrated oscillator antennas, design and optimization of harmonic suppression antennas using a genetic algorithm (GA). A computer-aided design approach to obtain a class F operation to optimizing the optimal fundamental load impedance and designing the input matching circuits for an active integrated antenna of the transmitting type is proposed and a case study of a design for 1.6 GHz is used to confirm the design principle. A study of active integrated oscillator antennas with a series feed back using a pseudomorphic high electronmobility transistor (PHEMT) confirms the design procedure in simulation and measurement for the oscillator circuit connected directly to the active antenna. Subsequently, another design of active oscillator antenna using bipolar junction transistor (BJT) improves the phase noise of the oscillation and in addition to achieve amplitude shift keying (ASK) and amplitude modulation (AM) modulation using the proposed design circuit. Moreover, the possibility of using a sensor patch technique to find the power accepted by the antenna at harmonic frequencies is studied. A novel numerical solution, for designing and optimizing active patch antennas for harmonic suppression using GA in collaboration with numerical electromagnetic computation (NEC), is presented. A new FORTRAN program is developed and used for adaptively meshing any planar antenna structure in terms of wire grid surface structures. The program is subsequently implemented in harmonic suppression antenna design and optimization using GA. The simulation and measurement results for several surface structures show a good agreement.

The current state of wireless sensing technologies possesses a good reliability in terms of time response and sensing on movable parts or in embedded structures. Nevertheless, these tech- nologies involve energy supply such as battery and suffer from low resolution and bulky signal conditioning system for data processing. Thus, a RFID passive wireless sensor is a good candidate to overcome these issues. The feasibility of implementing microstrip patch antennas for sensing application were successfully investigated; however, low sensitivity was always a big issue to be concerned. Sensors based on nanocomposites attracted a lot of attention because of their excellent performance in term of light weight, high sensitivity, good stability and high resistance to corrosion but it lacks the capability of high conductivity, which limit their implication into RFID applications. This work introduces a novel high sensitive passive wireless strain and temperature sensors based on nanocomposites as sensing layer. To accomplish this, intrinsically conductive polymer based on carbon nanofillers nanocomposites are deeply studied and characterized. Then it’s performance is evaluated. Among them a novel tertiary nanocomposite is introduced, which opens the gate to new nanocomposite applications and thus broad- ens the application spectrum. Understanding the transport mechanism to improve the conductivity of the nanocomposite and extracting individually different models based on physical explanation of their piezoresistivity, and behavior under temperature and humidity have been developed. Afterwards, selected nanocomposites based on their high sensitivity to either strain or temperature are chosen to be used as sensing layer for patch antenna. The fabricated patch antenna has only one fundamental frequency, by determining the shift in its resonance frequency as function of the desired property to be measured; the wireless sensor characteristics are then examined. For strain sensing, the effect of strain is tested experimentally with the help of end-loaded beam measurement setup. For temperature sensing, the sensors are loaded in a controlled temperature/humid chamber and with the help of a vector network analyzer, the sensitivity of the antennas are extracted by acquiring the shift in the resonance frequency. The fabricated wireless sensors based on patch antenna are fabricated on very low lossy material to improve their gain and radiation pattern. This approach could be expanded also to include different type of substrates such as stretchable substrates i.e. elastomer polymer, very thing substrates such as Kapton, paper-based substrates or liquid crystal polymer.

<p dir="ltr">Ultra-scaled, always-on, smart, wearable and implantable (WI) therapeutic platforms define the research frontier of modern personalized medicine. The WI platform integrates real-time sensing with on-demand therapy and is ideally suited for real-time management of chronic diseases like diabetes. Traditional blood tracking methods, such as glucometers, are insufficient due to their once-in-a-while measurements and the imprecision of insulin injections, which can lead to severe complications. To address these challenges, researchers have been developing smart and minimally invasive microneedle (MN) components for pain-free glucose detection and drug delivery, potentially functioning as an "artificial pancreas". Inspired by natural body homeostasis, these platforms must be accurate and responsive for immediate corrective interventions. However, artificial MN patches often have slow readings due to factors like MN morphology and composition that remain poorly understood, hindering their optimization and integration into real-time monitoring devices. Despite extensive, iterative experimental efforts worldwide, a holistic framework incorporating the interaction between MN sensing and therapy with fluctuating natural body functions is missing. In this thesis, we propose a generalized framework for glycemic management based on the interaction between biological processes and MN-based operations. The results, incorporating theoretical insights from the 1960s and recent advancements in MN technology, are platform-agnostic. This generality offers a unique template to interpret experimental observations, justify the recent introduction of drugs like GLP-1 cocktails, and optimize platforms for accurate and fast disease management. </p>