Thesis (doctoral)--Universität München, 1907. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

Proefschrift--Leyden.

Thesis (doctoral)--Rijks-Universiteit te Utrecht, 1931. / Bibliography: p. 11.

The cemetery in the Tanaina (Dena'ina) village of Eklutna, Alaska, features brightly coloured miniature houses constructed of wood to mark graves, rather than using simple crosses or stones. These gravehouses give the cemetery the appearance of a village for the dead. Most of the structures have a Russian Orthodox cross at one end, and this has led most who see the cemetery to conclude that the combination represents a synthesis of Athabascan traditions, in the form of the gravehouse, and Russian Orthodox Christianity, as represented by the cross. As this study will demonstrate, there are various problems with this proposal in that gravehouses are found among groups which are neither Orthodox nor Athabascan, yet have features of construction and ornament in common. Furthermore, research reveals that gravehouses were not part of the funerary traditions of the First Nations and Native Americans where such structures are found today, but have been used for centuries in European Russia. Although gravehouses were forbidden there at various times, social and religious dissidents, such as some accords of Old Believers, continued to use them and may have introduced this form of folk architecture to some groups of aboriginal Siberian peoples who, with Russians, may have encouraged the use of the gravehouse, or golubets, in the Northern Pacific regions of North America. The ornament and symbolism of the gravehouses in the Northern Pacific share similarities with those on the other side of the Bering Strait, supporting the notion of a common origin. This study seeks additional supporting evidence, supported by some documents and oral traditions, that Old Believers and other Russian Sectarians may have been among the Russians who explored and settled in the Northern Pacific region during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. This possibility provides a deeper understanding of the origin and meaning of gravehouses in the North Pacific, and presents new interpretations of the probable significance and contributions of aboriginal Siberians and Russian dissidents in the history of Russian America. / Graduate

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2003. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 172-191). Also available on the Internet.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2003. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 172-191). Also available on the Internet.

Fifteenth- and sixteenth-century Portuguese tomb sculptures stand as major artistic accomplishments that remain virtually untapped sources for European history, especially for the so-called “Age of Discoveries.” This dissertation reframes tomb sculptures as essential sources for early modern history by elucidating the role of these monuments as works intended to construct legacies as well as to commemorate them. It argues that an accurate interpretation of Portuguese tomb sculptures relies upon the acknowledgment of their rhetorical nature and the appreciation of their context as memorials to the aristocracy of a nascent global empire. It reveals Africa’s singular political, economic, and cultural importance to the early modern Portuguese, even when their empire stretched from Brazil in the west to Macau in the east. It also sheds light upon cultural links between England and Iberia in this period, a subject that remains curiously overlooked in art historical scholarship despite its clear manifestation in the medium of tomb sculpture. The first chapter comprises the first comprehensive survey of Portuguese funerary monuments, with my analyses drawn from extensive fieldwork and archival research throughout Portugal. The subsequent chapters address themes of power, chivalry, and empire through the medium of tomb sculpture. These analyses are drawn from a combination of historical, archival, and object-based study, which also produced the illustrated inventory of monuments that accompanies this dissertation as an appendix. Included in this inventory are transcriptions and translations of over one hundred tombs’ information-rich epitaphs, which reveal the nobility’s use of tombs to attempt to influence their historical legacy. By integrating Portuguese tomb sculpture into broader dialogues and identifying this genre of art as a powerful instrument of idealization and persuasion with significant and long-reaching cultural impact, this study seeks to reintegrate and recontextualize fifteenth- and sixteenth-century Portuguese patrons, artworks, and artists within the dynamic artistic milieu of early modern Europe from which they have been excluded. Providing an introduction to this rich corpus of artworks, this dissertation is intended to serve as a springboard for further study and to contribute to a clearer picture of this period, its people, and the enduring power of tombs.

Report submitted to the Faculty of Science, University of the Witwatersrand, in Partial fulfilment of the Requirements for Masters in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Remote Sensing in the Faculty of Science. School of Geography, Archaeology and Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand. March 2016. / This study is an initial attempt to investigate the spatial arrangement of graves which are believed that they can shed new light on the mortuary behaviours of ancient societies. The aim of this study is to utilise Geographic Information System (GIS) and remote sensing to document and explore the funerary landscape of the Wadi ash-Shati, Libya using a comprehensive set of environmental variables that might have influenced the spatial distribution of Garamantian funerary monuments. In view of that argument, this study is motivated by these two objectives; documenting all the Garamantian funerary monuments and settlements visible in high resolution satellite imagery and investigating their spatial patterns in their topographic setting. Spatial patterns were achieved by plotting digitised graves data from remotely sensed imagery (accessed through Google Earth) and hand held Global Positioning System (GPS) data in a GIS environment in order to extract patterns and structure in the dataset. In order to better understand these patterns and structures, the following GIS approaches; slope, elevation, visibility, clustering, directional distribution analyses were utilised. The results of the GIS analyses showed that there was correlation between graves location, qsurs or settlements, wells and with the environmental variables (slope, elevation, and distance to water resources). On the basis of the results of this research, it can be concluded that environmental variables were major factor in the placement of graves, qsurs and wells. The placement of these site locations can be related to as an expression of the socio-political, economic, cultural and ideological characteristics of the Garamantian society that created the burials and organised the Wadi ash-Shati landscape. The present study concluded that the Garamantian civilisation had established changes in the landscape that promoted the development of elaborate funerary monuments which peaked significantly during the time when aridity became immense in the study region. However additional research is necessary to provide more conclusive results and interpretations of this study, as such results from the analyses carried out should not be viewed as absolute, but as a stepping ladder for future investigation in the Wadi ash-Shati region. Keywords: GIS, Remote sensing, Funerary Landscape, Wadi ash-Shati, Libya, Spatial Analysis, Garamantian, Google Earth, Global Positioning System (GPS), Environmental Variables / LG2017

Thesis--Lund. / Summary in English. Includes bibliographical references (p. 249-255).

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