M.Com. (Business Management) / In the light of the ever increasing competition characterising today's global economy (Dale, 1995: 48) and the drastic changes brought about by the new South Africa, local businesses would have to make a conscious effort to prosper in future. Research organisations accustomed to being subsidised by the state have a particular challenge to face in the new South Africa where all subsidies are being shrunk. The reason for this is political pressure to redirect state spending towards social upliftment programmes. Quality and customer satisfaction are important topics that get attention world-wide. Well managed service organisations have the following common virtues [Kotler & Armstrong, 1991: 610]: • A history of top management commitment to quality; • High standards for service quality are set; • Service performance is well monitored - both their own and that of competitors; • Employees as well as customers are being satisfied. The distinction between service quality and customer satisfaction is that, perceived service quality is a global judgement relating to the superiority of the service, whereas satisfaction is related to a specific transaction [Parasuraman, et al., 1988: 16]. Incidents of satisfaction over time, result in perceptions of service quality. According to Cronin & Taylor [1992: 65] perceived quality may play a bigger role (in comparison with satisfaction) in customer-intimate companies who need to do more than simply meet customers' "minimum requirements". Customer-intimate companies (for example research organisations) continually tailor and shape products and services to fit an increasingly fine definition of the customer [Treacy &Wiersema, 1993: 87]...

The study focused on the taxi industry as a services industry due to its contribution to the economies of both developed and the developing countries. The purpose of this study was to investigate ways to improve service delivery in the South African taxi industry. This industry is one of the underperforming industries in South Africa with regard to service quality due to over-serviced taxi routes and a lack of information about the needs and desires of the taxi commuters. The primary objective of this study was to investigate how to improve the service quality of taxi operators in the Nelson Mandela Bay by applying theories and concepts of services marketing and total quality management (TQM). More specifically, the study investigated whether taxi drivers have the required knowledge of services marketing and service quality, and what service quality challenges taxi drivers and commuters face. The sample consisted of 20 taxi drivers and 101 student commuters using taxis on the Port Elizabeth routes. The empirical results showed that taxi drivers perform unsatisfactorily on the four TQM elements: leadership, employee involvement, product/ process excellence and customer focus. The results also reflected the general perception in the Eastern Cape that taxi service quality is poor. Of the five service quality dimensions (tangibles, reliability, responsiveness, assurance and empathy), the taxi drivers performed the best in reliability and the worst in empathy. The empirical results further suggested that taxi services do not meet the expectations of commuters, as deficits were reported between expectations and perceptions of actual service quality. The different quality dimensions used in the measurement of taxi service quality and their empirical results could provide a guideline to taxi service leadership and government on the critical aspects of taxi service quality.

M.Comm. / Previously the engine components industry relied on being in the game by competing on product availability, product quality and pricing. The cost of not having customer driven strategic plans created certain drawbacks. These include: the use of crisis management (companies being reactive rather than proactive), diverse directions being taken and redundancy, loss of competitive edge and openness to outside influences. Local component manufacturers have to reduce their dependence on OEM manufacturing alone. This means that they will have to move into the after market, locally and overseas, and export more to foreign OEMs and component producers. Those who do not make the transition will have to diversify or close their doors. The result is that South African engine component companies do not only have to adapt to the reality of pricing pressure of intense competition, but also have to adapt to the increased service expectations of customers on all levels. Service quality can be defined as the extent of discrepancy between customers' expectations and their perceptions (Zeithaml, et al, 1990: 19). The question arises whether engine component companies in the current climate are basing their competitive advantage on a customer-orientated culture with an inner driving force. Service quality is an abstract and elusive concept, because it is intangible, heterogeneous and inseparable from production and consumption. In the process of growing towards customer retention and moving away from the initial concept of just providing customer satisfaction through product availability, product quality, basic service and pricing, superior service quality must be obtained. The measurement of perceived service quality within the engine component industry has not received much attention up till now. This dissertation addresses the problem of measuring the current quality of service (in the engine component industry), and provides guidelines on closing existing gaps. The objectives of the study can be summarised as follows: To assess the service expectations of engine component suppliers' customers. To assess customer perceptions of the performance of the engine component suppliers. To assess which customer - orientated strategies are perceived to be employed by engine component suppliers. To assess how engine component suppliers can narrow or eliminate the customerprovider gaps that exist.

M.Comm. / The objectives of this study are : To determine customers' perception of service quality of international telecommunications carrier services delivered by Telkom in the business-tobusiness relationships with carriers in Europe; To establish whether differences in service quality exist among the selected business customers; To identify and examine customers' needs and expectations regarding the service delivery by Telkom; To assess how well Telkom is currently performing relative to specific customer needs and expectations; To determine some of Telkom's strengths and weaknesses

MTech. in Business Administration (MBA) / Universities of technology and institutions of technology produce electrical engineering technicians and technologists who expect to be employed in the electrical engineering industry. One of the reasons for a shortage of skills is the perception that the engineering industry has concerns regarding the quality of qualified students from universities of technology, because graduates struggle to meet the expectations of the industry. The industry expects them to possess basic skills, which can be utilised immediately. Technological advancement is ongoing and appears that the curricula of tertiary institutions are not keeping abreast of changes. This study aims to establish the perception of the engineering industry of the quality of electrical engineering graduates leaving universities of technology in order to evaluate their employability. Universities of technology should regard industry as their main client, supplying firms with the type of product they need.

by Wong Kam-kwai. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1991. / Bibliography: leaves 88-91. / ABSTRACT --- p.ii / TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.iii / LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS --- p.v / LIST OF TABLES --- p.v / Chapter / Chapter I. --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Chapter II. --- QUALITY CIRCLES - PAST AND PRESENT --- p.4 / Birth of QC Circles --- p.4 / What is QC Circle ？ --- p.4 / Development of QC Circle Activities Outside Japan --- p.5 / QC Circle Terminology --- p.6 / Why Quality Circles ？ --- p.6 / Quality Circle and Total Quality Control --- p.7 / Quality Circles in Hong Kong --- p.8 / Who is Behind the Promotion ？ --- p.10 / Hong Kong Productivity Council --- p.11 / Hong Kong Quality Circles Association --- p.11 / Who is in the Arena of Quality Circles ？ --- p.12 / Chapter III. --- RESEARCH METHODS --- p.14 / The Research Problem --- p.14 / Limitation of the Research --- p.14 / Research Design and Information Collection --- p.15 / Difficulties in Information Collection --- p.17 / Method of Analysis --- p.18 / Chapter IV. --- QUALITY CIRCLES IN MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES --- p.20 / Evolution of Quality Control --- p.20 / Hong Kong Experience --- p.20 / Bystanders --- p.22 / Drop-outs --- p.22 / Lesson from Runners in the Arena --- p.24 / Chapter V. --- QUALITY CIRCLES IN SERVICE INDUSTRIES --- p.34 / Quality of Service --- p.34 / Hong Kong Experience --- p.35 / Bystanders --- p.36 / Drop-outs --- p.36 / Lesson from Runners in the Arena --- p.37 / Chapter VI. --- CONCLUSION --- p.43 / What Make Quality Circles Work ? --- p.44 / Labor Relation --- p.44 / Participation --- p.44 / A Well Planned and Structured Scheme --- p.45 / Promotion of Quality Circles --- p.46 / Key Notes For Implementing Quality Circle Programs in Hong Kong --- p.47 / The Prospect of Quality Circle in the Future --- p.49 / Chapter APPENDIX 1 --- BENEFITS GAINED BY IMPLEMENTING QUALITY CIRCLES --- p.52 / Chapter APPENDIX 2 --- CASE STUDIES IN MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES --- p.53 / Chapter APPENDIX 3 --- CASE STUDIES IN SERVICE INDUSTRIES --- p.69 / BIBLIOGRAPHY --- p.88

Future wireless networks will have to handle varying combinations of multimedia traffic that present the network with numerous quality of service (QoS) requirements. The continuously growing demand for mobile phones has resulted in radio spectrum becoming a precious resource that cannot be wasted. The current second-generation mobile networks are designed for voice communication and, even with the enhancements being implemented to accommodate data, they cannot efficiently handle the multimedia traffic demands that will be introduced in the near future. This thesis begins with a survey of existing wireless ATM (WATM) protocols, followed by an examination of some medium access control (MAC) protocols, supporting multimedia traffic, and based on code division multiple access (CDMA) physical layers. A WATM link layer protocol based on a CDMA physical layer, and incorporating techniques from some of the surveyed protocols, is then proposed. The MAC protocol supports a wide range of service requirements by utilising a flexible scheduling algorithm that takes advantage of the graceful degradation of CDMA with increasing user interference to schedule cells for transmission according to their maximum bit error rate (BER) requirements. The data link control (DLC) accommodates the various traffic types by allowing virtual channels (VCs) to make use of forward error correction (FEc) or retransmission techniques. The proposed link layer protocol has been implemented on a Blue Wave Systems DSP board that forms part of Alcatel Altech Telecoms' software radio platform. The details and practicality of the implementation are presented. A simulation model for the protocol has been developed using MIL3 's Opnet Modeler. Hence, both simulated and measured performance results are presented before the thesis concludes with suggestions for improvements and future work. / Thesis (M.Sc.)-University of Natal, Durban, 2000.

<p><strong><p>Abstract</p><p>Attitudes towards the reference situation and the meetings between library users and librarians have become the subject of much debate in the library setting today. The aim of this two years master´s thesis has been to examine six librarian’s attitudes and apprehensions concerning the interactions between the librarian and the users in the library setting. We were also interested in knowing how a library can work to become more service oriented and customer centred. We conducted six interviews with librarians located at three different libraries in Sweden. We used three theories to explain our aim. These are Jürgen Habermas theory of social communication, theory about professions and Christian Grönroos theory of Service Management.</p><p>We found that our informants both see the physical meeting with the library and the social exchanges with the librarians as important parts of the user’s experience of the library.</p><p>The three libraries that we visited work in different ways to improve their customer service. One library has developed a policy for concrete ways to improve the social exchange with the library user. Another library is working with a policy and the third library handle attitude questions more implicit in the daily work and in a specialised group. We could see that the informants who worked at the library which had a policy and an under-standing of the importance of customer service as a central part of the organisation regarded those questions as being very important. Some informants could not see how customer service could get improved in another way than just discussing these issues in groups, meetings or in connection to seminars.</p><p>The changing of attitudes of members of the staff can be complicated however because it, at some level, is about individual changes. We believe that a person has to be motivated to make these changes. To improve this motivation the organisation has to create opportunities for the staff to critically reflect upon their working situa-tion. In that way we believe that the staff can experience security and motivation to do a good job which then has a positive impact on the customer service provided. The acknowledgement of the importance of customer service within an organization has to engage everybody and the whole organisation at all its levels.</p><p>We think that customer service in the library setting will become more important in the future as a response to the technical evolution and all the automated elements in our society. The importance of actual meetings in-crease as our society increasingly communicates via digital means.</p></strong></p>

University of Macau / Faculty of Business Administration / Department of Management and Marketing

Abstract Attitudes towards the reference situation and the meetings between library users and librarians have become the subject of much debate in the library setting today. The aim of this two years master´s thesis has been to examine six librarian’s attitudes and apprehensions concerning the interactions between the librarian and the users in the library setting. We were also interested in knowing how a library can work to become more service oriented and customer centred. We conducted six interviews with librarians located at three different libraries in Sweden. We used three theories to explain our aim. These are Jürgen Habermas theory of social communication, theory about professions and Christian Grönroos theory of Service Management. We found that our informants both see the physical meeting with the library and the social exchanges with the librarians as important parts of the user’s experience of the library. The three libraries that we visited work in different ways to improve their customer service. One library has developed a policy for concrete ways to improve the social exchange with the library user. Another library is working with a policy and the third library handle attitude questions more implicit in the daily work and in a specialised group. We could see that the informants who worked at the library which had a policy and an under-standing of the importance of customer service as a central part of the organisation regarded those questions as being very important. Some informants could not see how customer service could get improved in another way than just discussing these issues in groups, meetings or in connection to seminars. The changing of attitudes of members of the staff can be complicated however because it, at some level, is about individual changes. We believe that a person has to be motivated to make these changes. To improve this motivation the organisation has to create opportunities for the staff to critically reflect upon their working situa-tion. In that way we believe that the staff can experience security and motivation to do a good job which then has a positive impact on the customer service provided. The acknowledgement of the importance of customer service within an organization has to engage everybody and the whole organisation at all its levels. We think that customer service in the library setting will become more important in the future as a response to the technical evolution and all the automated elements in our society. The importance of actual meetings in-crease as our society increasingly communicates via digital means.