Since the establishment of Pretoria in the 1840s, the city has expanded significantly. Businesses started to sprout which created a number of job opportunities within the city CBD. Mamelodi was established to the east of Pretoria CBD in 1860 as a settlement for black people flocking to the city for job opportunities (Nico & Walker, 1991). Since its initial establishment, it has grown as a community and is now considered as one of the denser communities in Pretoria. Because of the distance to the city center or any other place of work, a series of public transport networks developed to deal with the daily commute to and from work. These networks put tremendous strain on the public infrastructure, and has resulted in a congested community where there exists little co-existence and co-ordination between isolated public transport types. In an attempt to address this issue of Access to the City, this dissertation focuses on creating a communal Architecture where the existing programs of public transport root themselves, and where passengers and pedestrians can communally start their daily commute by safely engaging with the various transport systems. It further exploits the idea of Community and Access by being true to its architectural context. Therefore, this project and its construction is focused on being a product of the community. With contextual materials and community-engaged construction, it aims to be a true manifestation of the event that is The Communal Commute. / Mini Dissertation MArch(Prof)--University of Pretoria, 2018. / Architecture / MArch(Prof) / Unrestricted

Remains from twentyour human burials recovered from the Bluff Creek Site (1LU59) in Alabama exhibited evidence of interpersonal conflict trauma. When the victims of interpersonal conflict were placed in their approximate time period, it became apparent that frequencies of interpersonal conflict changed over time, from the Archaic (15.4%) to Woodland (6.7%) to Mississippian (45.5%) periods. These changes are explained by changes in settlement patterns and associated stress over resource competition. As Archaic hunter-gatherers became less mobile and settled in to small “hamlets”, the stress over competition for resources was reduced, causing the frequency of interpersonal conflict trauma to fall slightly in the Woodland period. The significant rise in the frequency for the Mississippian is related to the shift in settlement patterns from “hamlets” to large villages. As the large villages began to compete for resource territory, stress over competition for resources also increased.

No abstract provided. / Thesis / Bachelor of Arts (BA)

No description available.

Population replenishment through recruitment is an essential process for the long term viability of corals and their associated communities, particularly under increasing stresses that threaten their vitality. Although many researchers have identified specific factors that influence individual processes in the early life cycle of corals, few studies to date have attempted to determine the cumulative success of a cohort's progression through these stages in natural reef settings. Specifically, there is a paucity of knowledge regarding appropriate and realistic techniques to forecast the success of recruitment in natural settings, while taking into account both the individual and environmental factors that regulate these recruitment dynamics at local scales. Because of this need, the overall goals of this dissertation research were to (1) assess key life stage processes leading to recruitment - specifically, settlement and early post-settlement processes - for which previous knowledge was limited or absent; and (2) using this knowledge, develop a local-scale recruitment model that assessed the cumulative success of a cohort's progression through all the early life stages and identified those processes that had a strong relative influence on regulating recruitment dynamics. Focusing on the common western Atlantic brooding coral, Porites astreoides, this dissertation research was divided into three main sections to address the overall objectives: (1) identification and quantification of recruitment patterns in natural reef settings, in order to guide the development and testing of the recruitment model (Chapter 2); (2) assessment of the focal species' behaviors, survivorship rates, and factors affecting those rates during its progression through the primary early life stage processes (i.e., basic habitat preferences during the settlement stage, Chapter 3; early post-settlement survivorship, Chapters 4 and 5); and (3) development of a local recruitment model that accounted for the full complement of early life stage processes in a spatially-explicit simulation framework (Chapter 6). While unique study-specific insights were gained from each of the individual chapters, a few general insights emerged with respect to the overarching study objectives from this dissertation research. First, larval supply is a key driver for recruitment, where a high degree of larval loss, either through direct larval mortality or export from the reef, occurs prior to settlement on the substrate. Rates of loss were 96-99% in the model analyses, and as such represent the first major population bottleneck for this species and others with similar life histories. Compounding this larval loss is a second population bottleneck during the early post-settlement stage, where mortality was typically greater than 75% within the first week after settlement. Such high rates of loss have important implications for future population dynamics, as relatively minor changes to these rates of loss can have relatively strong influences on future dynamics. Second, habitat influences on recruitment were found to be relatively minimal when compared to high rates of mortality in both the larval supply and early post-settlement stages. Although the relative influence of habitat may be strong under unique situations where substantial space preemption limits settlement (e.g., high macroalgal cover, sedimentation, or adult coral cover), these effects may not be reflective of average systems. However, the influence of habitat may still be crucial for ensuring that the few individuals who survive the larval supply and the early post-settlement bottlenecks recruit into the future adult population, and these influences may interact with other density-dependent processes as adult cover increases. Overall, this research presents valuable and novel insights on a number of the under-studied early life stage processes. By identifying the key processes which regulate recruitment, this work highlights those stages whose responses to environmental change will have strong impacts on recruitment and subsequent population dynamics. In addition to the process-based insights gained on these dynamics, this work provides informative criteria for managers on the stages most responsive to conservation efforts aimed at promoting resilience and recovery.

No description available.

No description available.

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Arizona, 1986. / Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 169-188).

Thesis (Doctoral)--İzmir Institute of Technology, İzmir, 2005 / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 199-202).

Thesis (doctoral)--Oulun yliopisto. / Added t.p. with thesis statement inserted. Summary in English. Includes bibliographical references (p. [523]-545).