This study identified gender-related differences in post-exercise peripheral blood flow and body temperature in neutral environment (21ºC). The subjects were 11 male (22 +/- 4 years) and 14 pre-ovulatory female (23 +/- 3 years) recreational runners VO2max: 62 +/- 5 mL/kg &bull; min for men and 55 +/- 5 mL/kg &bull; min for women). Forearm blood flow rectal (Trec) and forearm skin temperatures (Tsk), and forearm vascular resistance (mean arterial pressure/forearm blood flow) were measured pre-exercise (pre), immediately after (t = 0), and every 15 minutes up to 105 minutes (t = 105) post-exercise (45-minute run at 75% of VO2max). ANOVA revealed main gender effects for Trec, Tsk, and forearm blood flow (men > women) as well as for forearm vascular resistance (women > men). Compared to pre-exercise, Trec at t = 0 showed a similar increase in men (1.3ºC) and women (1.2ºC). Trec decreased thereafter to reach pre-exercise level after 25 minutes in men. In women, Trec kept decreasing to reach a lower than pre-exercise level after 60 minutes (p < 0.05). Tsk was similar at pre and t = 0 for both genders. In contrast, Tsk was lower in women than men (29.0 +/- 1.3 versus 30.7 +/- 1.5ºC) at t = 105 (p < 0.05). Forearm vascular resistance was similar in men and women pre-exercise and decreased by about 50% in both groups at t = 0. Between t = 30 and t = 105, the women increased their forearm vascular resistance up to 35% more than did the men. These observations suggest the existence of gender-related differences in thermoregulatory and cutaneous blood flow responses during recovery from submaximal exercise.

Thesis (M.A.)--Youngstown State University, 2000. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 109-125).

Research shows that the initial honeymoon phase of a marriage dissolves after some time and differences between the couple begin to hamper the harmony in the relationship. One of these differences is that attributed to gender. This study attempts to study these phases of the relationship. It approaches this issue from an inductive standpoint to counterbalance the deductive quality that pervades most literature in this field. A mixed qualitative and quantitative design was selected in a multiple case study format. An open style interview preceded and followed a Q-sorting exercise. Ten individuals (five couples) who have been married between five and ten years were studied. For several reasons, including the need to widen the cultural base of the research field, the study was conducted in Malta, a Mediterranean culture. The information provided by each participant (called coresearcher here to indicate the empowerment accorded to them in the research), was organized by re-casting it into a narrative form. The accuracy of the narrative was additionally validated by the respective co-researcher and an independent reviewer. The purpose was to construct individual and common stories of the marriage f r om the perspective of difference and harmony. Comparisons between individuals and gender revealed common factors, indicating the generic path of these relationships, and individual factors based on previous history, personality, gender and culture Individual life thanes, the dialectic pattern of relating, and phases i n the relationships were identified. Finally, the results were compared to previous research on love, relational development, gender differences, and attachment. The model of the dialectic was found to be a useful tool for understanding relationships and integrating research. Finally, the implications of this study on counselling, and possibilities for further research were discussed. / Education, Faculty of / Educational and Counselling Psychology, and Special Education (ECPS), Department of / Graduate

No description available.

by Sit Fung-Ming, Anita. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1996. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 59-61). / ABSTRACT --- p.ii / TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.iii / LIST OF TABLES --- p.v / ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS --- p.vii / Chapter / Chapter I --- OBJECTIVE AND SCOPE OF STUDY --- p.1 / Chapter II --- LITERATURE REVIEW --- p.4 / Human Capital Perspective --- p.4 / Sociopsychologicial Perspective --- p.5 / Sex-role Socialisation --- p.5 / Sex-role Stereotyping --- p.6 / Organisation-Structure Perspective --- p.7 / Major References for Themes and Methodology --- p.7 / Perceived Participation in Decision-making --- p.8 / Upward and Downward Influence Tactics --- p.9 / Chapter III --- THEORETICAL CONSTRUCT OF STUDY --- p.11 / Chapter IV --- METHODOLOGY --- p.15 / Participants --- p.15 / Procedure --- p.17 / Measurements --- p.18 / Dependent variables --- p.18 / Independent (explanatory) variables --- p.18 / Perceived self-efficacy --- p.19 / Position Rank --- p.19 / Length of service --- p.19 / Mentor and sponsor --- p.20 / Informal Networks --- p.20 / Socio-demographic characteristics --- p.20 / Data Analysis Methods --- p.21 / Chapter V --- FINDINGS --- p.23 / Mentor --- p.23 / Sponsor --- p.24 / Length of Service in the Grade before Promotion to the Present Rank --- p.25 / Satisfaction with Career and Personal Advancement --- p.25 / Perceived Level of Influence --- p.27 / Perceived Level of Participation in Decision-making Committees --- p.27 / Perceived Level of Influence in Decision-making Committees --- p.29 / Perceived Level of Influence at Functional Section Level --- p.30 / Perceived Level of Influence at Division Level --- p.32 / Perceived Level of Influence at Department Level --- p.33 / Perceived Degree of Equal Influence --- p.35 / Overview of the findings for Perceived Level of Influence --- p.36 / Perceived Self-efficacy --- p.37 / Workplace Network --- p.38 / Frequency of Use of Upward and Downward Influence Tactics --- p.40 / Upward influence --- p.40 / Downward influence --- p.42 / Chapter VI --- DISCUSSION --- p.45 / Satisfaction with Career and Personal Advancement --- p.45 / Perceived Level of Influence --- p.46 / Frequency of Use of Influence Tactics --- p.47 / Overview of Themes in the Study --- p.48 / Chapter VII --- CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION FOR FUTURE RESEARCH --- p.53

"May 2002." / Bibliography: leaves 123-144. / xiv, 144 leaves : ill. ; 30 cm. / Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library. / Aspects of the control of ventilation and an upper airway dilator muscle (genioglossus) are compared between healthy men and women, in an attempt to identify a gender difference that may contribute to the high male prevalence of sleep apnea. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Physiology, 2002

Whether there are sex differences in the kinematic organization of non-reproductive behaviors is rarely addressed. In this thesis, evidence is presented that male and female rats organize their posture and stepping differently during a food protection task, contact righting, skilled reaching, and vertical rearing. Neonatal gonadal steroid exposure can alter sex-typical patterns of movement organization. Whether these differences are due to sex differences in body morphology or central nervous system (CNS) was also addressed using gravid females and tfm males. The results reveal that sex differences in movement are CNS based. Furthermore, the expression and choice of sex-typical patterns of movement can be altered by CNS injury. Finally, evidence is presented that sex differences in movement organization are also present in marsupials and insects. The implications of these results for our understanding of the evolution of sex differences in CNS anatomy and behavior will be discussed. / xvi, 249 leaves : ill. ; 28 cm.

No description available.

This dissertation reports the findings of a critical ethnographic study of the cultures of five secondary schools in Western Canada, focusing on the structural and symbolic systems related to information and communications technologies (ICT).

This study examined the relationship between sex, sex role and expression of depression. The Beck Depression Inventory, The Bem Sex Role Inventory, and the Inventory of Depressive Behaviors were administered to 589 college students. Sex differences in the expression of depression were similar to the findings of previous studies. Sex role differences in the expression of depression were found. Masculine sex role was related to expressive coping strategies along with instrumental strategies. Feminine sex role was related to behavioral and cognitive coping along with more expressive behaviors. The variance in expression of depression accounted for by sex was only partially accounted for by sex role. Undifferentiated individuals were significantly more depressed than Masculine, Feminine or Androgynous individuals, but there were no differences between the latter three groups. Thus, either masculinity or femininity appears to be associated with lower levels of depression.