The primary purpose of the study was to investigate the relationship between anxiety and masculinity-femininity in order to clarify some of the causes of the sex differences found in anxiety. A secondary purpose was to investigate the overt and covert aspects of anxiety in feminine males and masculine females. The sample was composed of 33 male and 38 female university students enrolled in a second year summer school course in psychology. The IPAT Anxiety Scale and the MMPI Mf Scale were administered, in that order, during a regular classroom period. The relationship between the two sets of scores was examined. The 15 most feminine males and the 15 most masculine males were compared with respect to their overt and covert anxiety scores. The same was done with the female subjects. A correlation of 0.26, significant at the 0.01% level, was obtained between the anxiety scores and the Mf scores. Feminine males were overtly and covertly significantly more anxious than masculine males. Feminine females were overtly significantly more anxious than masculine females. However, feminine and masculine females scored approximately equally on the covert anxiety scale. It was concluded that anxiety is associated with femininity. The suggestion was made that it may be some aspect of the female sex role, as delineated by society, that accounts for the higher anxiety in feminine people. / Arts, Faculty of / Psychology, Department of / Graduate

The purpose of this study was to explore specific areas of knowledgeability among counselors regarding selected aspects of human sexuality. An assessment was made for each of the following areas: contraception, physiological changes during the sexual response, arousal techniques, masturbation, impotence, frigidity, and homosexuality.A sample of thirty counselors was randomly selected from a list of all counselors and psychotherapists working in counseling centers in ten universities (student enrollment of 6,000 or more) within 100 miles of Muncie, Indiana. Excluded from this study were individuals identified as psychometrists or academic counselors.Data was collected through structured interviews, meeting individually with each counselor in the sample. Twenty-five of the 30 scheduled interviews were completed. Four interviews were missed due to illness or conflicting appointments, and one was terminated due to the extreme anxiety manifested by the counselor being interviewed. The findings were presented in terms of percentages.Data collected in this study suggest that many counselors tend to be poorly informed in the area of human sexuality. Sixty-eight percent of the counselors in this study were unable to adequately describe physiological aspects of the human sexual response. Thirty-two percent of the counselors, with varying degrees of conviction, continue to believe in the myth of the vaginal orgasm.Fewer than half of the counselors were able to adequately describe arousal techniques that might prove helpful to their clients.Between 20% and 36% of the counselors in this study stated non-supportable beliefs concerning negative effects of masturbation, e.g., that it leads to premature ejaculation.Twenty percent of the counselors were unable to adequately define impotence. Percentage estimates of the incidence of impotence were much higher than those estimates derived from research.Sixty-eight percent of the counselors used the term frigidity, yet offered such a wide variety of conflicting definitions that the term seems meaningless. Estimates of the incidence of non-orgasmic women were highly exaggerated. The frequency of homosexual behavior was overestimated, and the notion that homosexuals are more creative than heterosexuals was given by 20% of the sample.Although the purpose of this study was not to rate individual counselors on overall knowledge of human sexuality and the treatment of sexual dysfunction, the following impressions were gained, based upon both responses offered in the interviews and in post-interview discussions. Six of the counselors interviewed (24%) were obviously acquainted with a great deal of the current research in human sexuality and were actively concerned with issues in the treatment of sexual problems. At the opposite end of the continuum, 14 counselors, including the individual who became so overtly anxious that the interview had to be terminated, were unacquainted with current writings on the topic. The remaining six counselors fell in between these two extremes. These individuals most often asked for reference materials or stated that they had purchased books dealing with human sexuality, but had not yet read them. Also characteristic of this group was enthusiastic support for the notion of including course work on human sexuality in graduate training programs in the helping professions.Specific recommendations for further research in the area were made.

Two prospective investigations of periodicity of sexual behavior, well-being and testosterone (T) levels in women using and not using oral contraceptives (OCs) found no relationship between daily ratings of sexual desire and well-being across one pill and menstrual cycle. T, but not estradiol or progesterone, was positively correlated with sexual desire and sexual enjoyment in OC-users when T levels were below normal menstrual values. Other evidence suggested on association between post-ovulatory decreases in T and sexual desire in women. A bias to attend to sexual stimuli on a dichotic listening task was associated with sexual arousability in men. Moreover, task performance indicated T may enhance attention to relevant stimuli. While social variables are clearly important determinants of sexual behavior, these findings suggest a relationship between T and cognitive aspects of sexual behavior in young, healthy individuals.

No description available.

The thesis was designed to determine sexual attitudes, as measured by the Reiss 12 Item Sexual Permissiveness Scale, and sexual practices, as measured by an eight item sexual behavior inventory, of undergraduate students at Ball State University in Muncie, Indiana.The sample for the study consisted of 617 undergraduate students selected using the method of stratified random sampling with proportional allocation of five percent from each of the four college levels. A biographical questionnaire was mailed to each of the subjects with a total return of 60 percent. Due to the low rate of return the respondents were declared to be the population of the study and no longer a randomly selected sample.Reliability coefficients were obtained through use of the Kuder-Richardson formula Number 20 on the sexual permissiveness scales and on the sexual behavior inventory. The reliability coefficient of the sexual permissiveness scale was found to be .8676, and .9215 was found to be the coefficient of the sexual behavior inventory.The returned questionnaires were subdivided into males and females and data were reported for each respondent on the scale that was the same sex as the respondent (women on the female scale and men on the male scale). For each group, the data were analyzed, through use of the chi-square test, according to age, academic field, college year, membership in fraternities or sororities, religious affiliation, whether religiously active or inactive, place of residence, cumulative grade point average, yearly income of parents, and marital status to determine their independency of the dependent variables of sexual attitudes and sexual behavior. Findings revealed that although some significant (.05) differences were found in the permissive attitudes of the students in relation to their biographical variables, there is little evidence from the study that would generally support a true dependency of sexual permissiveness on the biographical variables of the students, with the exceptions of the variables of sex and religious activity. Males were found to be more permissive in attitude than females, and the more permissive individuals were found to be religiously inactive rather than religiously active. In relationship to permissive behavior on the part of the subjects, although some significant (.05) differences were found, there is little evidence from the study that would support a true dependence of premarital coital experience on the biographical variables of the students. The investigation revealed that over 50 percent of the females studied and over 68 percent of the males studied had experienced premarital sexual intercourse.The relationship between sexual attitudes and sexual behavior was determined through use of the point biserial correlation. Findings revealed that there is evidence of some significant (.05) negative attitudes and what they stated as their actual sexual behavior. The significant negative findings indicated that there was a tendency for more males and females to be in accordance with permissive attitudes than were actually experiencing the behavior.

Effects of attitudinal similarity and permissiveness on patterns of self-disclosure willingness were evaluated within the framework of a 2 x 3 x 3 factorial design with two levels of similarity and three levels of permissiveness as. between-subjects variables and three topics as a within-subjects variable. Subjects were administered a sexual attitude questionnaire and classified as to permissiveness level. In the second session subjects received bogus partner sexual attitude profiles constructed to be either similar or dissimilar to attitudes they had expressed. On the basis of these profiles, subjects rated their attraction toward bogus partners and indicated topic-items they would be willing to discuss with their partners. Topic-items comprised separate Sex, Family, and Feeling disclosure scales. It was hypothesized that similarity would be positively related to attraction and disclosure willingness. It was specifically hypothesized that attraction would be more highly correlated with disclosure willingness in the face of disagreement than agreement and at high intimacy levels than at low levels. Attraction was found to be positively related to attitudinal similarity but not to disclosure willingness. There was no significant similarity effect on disclosure willingness. In the overall analysis of variance for disclosure willingness there were no main effects or interactions involving similarity, permissiveness or topic. A review of the literature relating attitudinal similarity and attraction to disclosure is included as is a discussion of the mixed evidence for topical reciprocity of disclosure. Variables to include in further research concerning patterns of self-disclosure are suggested. / M.S.

Previous studies of volunteer bias in sex research found that volunteers for such studies differed from nonâ volunteers in terms of reporting increased heterosexual experience; more liberal attitudes toward sex; increased exposure to commercialized erotica; and an increase in sexual trauma. The object of this study was to investigate the effects that varying the stimuli content (i.e. heterosexual vs gay male vs lesbian) of films used in sexual arousal studies would have on volunteer rate and characteristics of the volunteers. Also investigated was the effect of varying intrusiveness of measurement (physiological vs subjective measures) and the interaction of film and measurement type. 285 female and male undergraduates volunteered for a questionnaire study of sexuality. Demographics, heterosexual and homosexual behavior, exposure to pornography, attitudes toward sexuality and homosexuality and oneâ s position on a sexâ role continuum were assessed. Subjects were provided with a complete written description of a further study of sexual arousal, utilizing sexually explicit films, in which the stimuli content and the intrusiveness of measurement the subject would experience were randomly varied. Previous findings regarding volunteers were replicated except for reporting of sexual trauma. Volunteers reported more sexual fantasies with both heterosexual and homosexual themes. They scored higher on sensation seeking and experience seeking. No conclusions could be drawn regarding impact of sexual preference or homosexual activities due to the limited reporting of such behaviors. No significant effects were found for intrusiveness of measurement. Pseudo-volunteers for the arousal study were found to be significantly different from non-volunteers on several variables. This resulted in questioning the classification of pseudoâ volunteers with nonâ volunteers. Possible directions for future research are presented. / Master of Science

No description available.

黃彩鳳. / "2005年7月". / 論文(哲學碩士)--香港中文大學, 2005. / 參考文獻(leaves x-xvii). / 附光碟規格: VCD. / "2005 nian 7 yue". / Abstracts in Chinese and English. / Huang Caifeng. / Lun wen (zhe xue shuo shi)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue, 2005. / Can kao wen xian (leaves x-xvii). / Fu guang die gui ge: VCD. / 撮要 --- p.ii / 鳴謝 --- p.iii / 目錄 --- p.iv&v / 附表： / 附表一： ̐ơج 卵子體慾̐ơخ放映紀錄2003-05 --- p.vi / Chapter 第一章 --- 導言 --- p.1-13 / Chapter 1.1 --- 《卵子體慾》簡介 / Chapter 1.2 --- 題目定義 / Chapter 1.3 --- 硏究方向 / Chapter 1.4 --- 研究過程中的矛盾 / Chapter 1.5 --- 論文章節簡介 / Chapter 第二章 --- 尋找理論：“我…´ح的錄像/學術/性/別運動？ --- p.14-43 / Chapter 2.1 --- 性/別運動？ / Chapter 2.1.1 --- 性/別運動的定義 / Chapter 2-1.2 --- 性/別運動與《卵子體慾》 / Chapter 2.2 --- “錄像´ح的性/別運動？ / Chapter 2.2.1 --- 電影理論 / Chapter 2.2.1.1 --- 男性凝視理論 / Chapter 2.2.1.2 --- 多元觀影/閱讀角度 / Chapter 2.2.1.3 --- 女性觀影理論 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- 陰性書寫 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- 性/別錄像運動與《卵子體慾》 / Chapter 2.3 --- 學術的性/別運動？ / Chapter 第三章 --- 混亂的開始：拍攝者的´ح我´ح /被拍攝者的´ح我´ح --- p.44-53 / Chapter 第四章 --- 經驗放映：放映者的´ح我´ح /觀影者的´ح我´ح --- p.54-89 / Chapter 4.1 --- 第一次放映的掙扎 / Chapter 4.2 --- 不同的放映形式與性/別討論平台的關係 / Chapter 4.3 --- 放映過程中情緒不斷的反覆 / Chapter 4.4 --- 經過多次放映之後…… / Chapter 4.4.1 --- 媒介與身體經驗的關係 / Chapter 4.4.2 --- 女人不同性慾/母體抉擇/社會環境之間的關係 / Chapter 4.4.3 --- 想要生孩子的慾望 / Chapter 4.4.4 --- 反思男性角色與懷孕的關係 / Chapter 4.4.5 --- 反思多元關係和不同的性愛模式的可能性 / Chapter 4.4.6 --- 對錄像自我書寫的反思 / Chapter 4.4.7 --- 關於觀影者背景的性/別反思 / Chapter 第五章 --- 徘迴在性/別運動與不同理論之間：性/別運動者的´ح我´ح /性/別硏究者的´ح我´ح --- p.90-99 / Chapter 5.1 --- “我/我/我/我/我/我…´ح的性/別運動？ / Chapter 5.2 --- “我´ح的錄像(學術)性/別運動？ / 附件： / 附件一 ：錄像´ؤ´ؤ《卵子體慾》片長：32分鐘 / 附件二 ：東亞區錄像及攝影計劃：女性身體故事 --- p.vii-viii / 附件三：派發給觀眾的網上討論資料和聯絡方法 --- p.viiii / 參考書目 --- p.x-xvii