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Proximátní kontrola pohlavního dimorfismu u živorodky Poecilia wingei / Proximate control of sexual dimorphism in livebearer Poecilia wingeiFarkačová, Klára January 2013 (has links)
The effect of 17α-methyltestosterone a 17β-estradiol on sex of livebearer fish Poecilia reticulata and P. wingei was studied. Solution of 2.5 mg testosterone was added in the aquarium the first and fifteenth day after delivery of new fry. Estrogen was administered in food to gravid females (400 mg per 1 kg food). Sex of all individuals was determined in one, two and three months. Administration of neither testosterone nor estrogen caused sex reversal; in the second case reproduction of almost all females was stopped.
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Efeito da aplicação de inibidores de aromatase na reversão sexual e desempenho zootécnico de frangos de corte / Effect of the application of aromatase inhibitors on sex reversal and zootechnical performance of broiler chickensRui, Bruno Rogério 06 April 2018 (has links)
Na avicultura industrial, diferenças no desempenho zootecnico de machos e femeas de linhagens pesadas forcam o setor a alojar separadamente os sexos com o propósito de facilitar manejo, uniformizar lotes, reduzir custos e otimizar a producao. Desse modo, meios que reduzam ou eliminem a disparidade entre sexos no ambito zootecnico podem resultar em ganhos gerenciais e econômicos no mercado avicola. A masculinizacao de femeas objetivando aproximar sua performance aquela manifestada por machos pode ser considerado um recurso interessante. Sendo assim a aplicacao de inibidores ou bloqueadores da aromatase P450 durante o desenvolvimento embrionario pode induzir graus variados de masculinizacao das femeas sem a utilizacao de protocolos hormonais, em um fenomeno chamado reversao sexual. Assim, os objetivos desse projeto foram: (1) comparar a acao de inibidores de aromatase de terceira geracao (Droga B e droga C) em relacao ao fadrozole (farmaco amplamente citado em literatura) sobre a taxa e o grau de reversao sexual em frangas de corte; e (2) estimar o impacto desses tratamentos sobre parametros de incubacao (mortalidade embrionaria e eclodibilidade) e indices zootecnicos (peso ao nascer, ganho de peso, conversao alimentar e peso final aos 42 dias). Os resultados, deste estudo, mostraram que o inibidor de aromatase droga B obteve maior proporção machos quando comparado aos outros IAs testados. Contudo, quando avaliamos as aves tratadas por este fármaco, em relação aos índices zootécnicos, estas apresentaram resultados similares ao grupo misto e inferior quando comparadas aos machos genéticos. Na sexagem morfológica aos 42 dias de idade foi observado que no grupo tratado com a droga B, 58% das aves apresentavam ovário ou ovostestis ao invés de testículos o que impactou negativamente no ganho de peso deste grupo. / Performance diferences between male and female broilers compel the poultry industry to rear sexes separately in order to favor management, uniform flocks, reduce costs and optimize production. Notwithstanding, this practice has logistical implications that create additional expenses, and in some cases, broiler companies encounter producer preferences for a particular sex due to its productive traits. Thus, methods that reduce or eliminate gender disparity in meat production efficiency can result in operational and economical benefits to poultry market. Masculinization of females aiming to bring performance closer to those expressed by males may be viewed as an interesting alternative. Therefore, the application of aromatase inhibitors or blockers during embryonic development can induce varying degrees of female masculinization without the use of hormonal protocols, in a process called sex reversal. Therefore, our objectives herein were: (1) to compare the action of third generation aromatase inhibitors (Drug B and Drug D) in relation to fadrozole (a drug widely used in literature) on the rate and degree of sexual reversal in broiler pullets; and (2) to estimate the impact of these treatments on incubation (embryonic mortality and hatchability) and performance parameters (birth weight, weight gain, feed conversion and final weight at 42 days). The results, from this study, showed that the aromatase inhibitor drug B obtained a higher rate of sexual reversion when compared to the other AIs tested. However, when we evaluated the birds treated by this drug, in relation to the zootechnical indexes, these presented similar results to the mixed and inferior group when compared to the genetic males. In the morphological sexing at 42 days of age, it was observed that in the group treated with AI, 58% of the birds presented ovary or ovostestis instead of testicles, which impacted the weight gain of this group.
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